scholarly journals Petrographic Characteristics of Coal Gasification and Combustion by-Products from High Volatile Bituminous Coal

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4374
Author(s):  
Barbara Bielowicz
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Gasification Products ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
By Products

The coal was gasified in a fluidized bed reactor with CO2 as a gasifying agent at 889–980 °C. The coal and gasification residue produced during gasification was burned at temperatures up to 900 °C. The petrographic analysis, gasification residues, and fly and bottom ash resulting from the combustion of coal and chars showed the efficiency of the gasification and combustion processes. The gasification residue primarily comprised inertoids and crassinetwork, which accounted for 60% of the sample. The analysis of the petrographic composition of fly ash revealed that the fly ash formed during the combustion of gasification residue had a higher mineral content. The fly ash from the combustion of gasification products contained significantly less unburned coal compared to that from coal. The samples of the bottom ash from coal combustion were composed of approximately 25% organic matter, most of which was chars. The bottom ash formed from the combustion of coal gasification products was composed mainly of mineral matter (95% or higher). The obtained results have significant implications in determining future waste management strategies.

Western Fly Ash Research, Development and Data Center

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. McCarthy ◽  
O. E. Manz ◽  
R. J. Stevenson ◽  
D. J. Hassett ◽  
G. H. Groenewold
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Research Development ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
By Products

With financial support from utilities and ash brokers*, the Western Fly Ash Research, Development and Data Center was established under the aegis of the North Dakota Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute in August of 1985. Research will be performed by the two North Dakota universities in Grand Forks and Fargo. The fundamental objective of the Center is to enhance the knowledge base of the properties (chemical, mineralogical and physical) and reactions of the coal by-products (principally fly ash, but including bottom ash and FGD waste) produced in the Midwestern and Great Plains regions of the US. Most of the study specimens will be high-calcium (ASTM Class C) ash derived from low-rank lignite and subbituminous coals mined in North Dakota, Montana and Wyoming, although ash from other regions and coals is also being studied. The enhanced knowledge base should lead to more widespread utilization of these by-products [1,2] or, where this is necessary, to their safe and cost-effective disposal [3].

Characteristics of inorganic matter from Australian municipal solid waste processed under combustion and gasification conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2096665
Author(s):  
Alexander Ilyushechkin ◽  
Chong He ◽  
San Shwe Hla
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Msw Incineration ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Thermochemical Processes

The presence and composition of ash in solid waste streams produced by the thermochemical processes can affect the further disposal or use of the waste. This study characterised the chemical species, mineralogy and trace element mobilisation in laboratory-produced ashes arising from different municipal solid waste (MSW) streams processed under reducing and oxidising atmospheres. The composition of cumulative ash samples produced under oxidising conditions was very similar to the composition of the industrial bottom ash samples produced during MSW incineration. We identified differences in mineral phase compositions and in some trace element concentrations of ashes produced under combustion and gasification conditions. Differences in concentrations of boron, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, chlorine, molybdenum, antimony, lead, thorium and zinc in ashes associated with different MSW streams were also observed. On the basis of the concentrations of trace elements in ashes, we evaluated each MSW stream in terms of potential management strategies and use of the mineral matter remaining after combustion and gasification. Most of ashes produced from MSW can be at least classified as Class IV (secure) waste according to an Australian standard regulation guideline.

The effectiveness of industrial by-products to stop phosphorous loss from a Pallic soil

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Loss Mitigation ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Steel Manufacturing ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
By Products

A study was conducted of the effectiveness of applying various rates (0–50 g/kg) of fly and bottom ash (<2 mm and 2–4 mm) from a coal-fired power plant, and melter (AP10B and PAP5) and basic (KOBM) slags from a steel-manufacturing plant on mitigating phosphorus (P) loss from a Pallic soil sown to pasture. Measurements were made of soil pH, Olsen P, and H2O-P (as a measure of P loss in overland flow), and soluble P and contaminants (B, As, Cd, Pb, Se) from a weekly leaching regime for 9 weeks. Results shows that H2O-P had decreased up to 40% in soils treated at the greatest rate of melter slag (50 g/kg), and increased in KOBM and fly ash treated soils. The effect on Olsen P relative to H2O-P was much less in metler slag and bottom ash treated soils than soils treated with fly ash or KOBM slag. The fly ash was considered unsuitable for the mitigation of P loss from soils due to B toxicity to plants, while KOBM is also unsuitable due to a liming effect and the increase in soluble P loss. At the rates applied, no treated soil leached toxic metals (As, Cd, Hg, or Se) above current guidelines. In contrast, the incorporation of melter slag and bottom ash is considered an effective P loss mitigation strategy.

Radiometric measurement of lignite coal and its by-products and assessment of the usability of fly ash as raw materials in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şeref Turhan ◽  
Elif Gören ◽  
Ahmed M.K. Garad ◽  
Aydan Altıkulaç ◽  
Aslı Kurnaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
The Public ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Lignite Coal ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
By Products

Abstract Lignite coal (LC) is a key energy source for electricity generation in Turkey. During lignite burning, huge amounts of fly ash (FA), bottom ash and slag are produced as by-products which contain radionuclides in the natural radioactive series of uranium and thorium, and radioactive potassium. These radionuclides may lead to radiological exposure of workers and the public and cause environmental problems. Therefore, finding diverse uses for the by-products in the construction sector and earthwork applications has considerable economic and environmental importance. In this study, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in and radon emanating power (EP) and radon mass exhalation rate (EXRM) from LC, slag and FA obtained from the Kangal lignite-burning power plant with a power of 457 MWe were measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The major chemical components (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO and MgO) of fly ash samples were analysed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The annual effective doses received by workers and members of the public were estimated using different scenarios specified in Radiation protection 122. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in LC, slag and FA samples were 187±21, 16±1 and 99±9 Bq kg−1, 620±18, 41±2 and 330±13 Bq kg−1, and 937±30, 38±2 and 272±17 Bq kg−1, respectively. The average values of EP and EXRM of the lignite, slag and FA samples were 8 %, 7 % and 10 %, and 0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 Bq kg−1 h−1, respectively. The highest average of the total annual effective dose is estimated at 153 μSv for members of the public and 74 μSv for workers, lower than the recommended annual limit of 1000 μSv.

Characterization of lead-bearing phases in municipal waste combustor fly ash

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 516-517
Author(s):  
L. L. Sutter ◽  
G. R. Dewey ◽  
J. F. Sandell
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Waste Combustion ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Lead Speciation ◽  
Accepted Practice

Municipal waste combustion typically involves both energy recovery as well as volume reduction of municipal solid waste prior to landfilling. However, due to environmental concerns, municipal waste combustion (MWC) has not been a widely accepted practice. A primary concern is the leaching behavior of MWC ash when it is stored in a landfill. The ash consists of a finely divided fly ash fraction (10% by volume) and a coarser bottom ash (90% by volume). Typically, MWC fly ash fails tests used to evaluate leaching behavior due to high amounts of soluble lead and cadmium species. The focus of this study was to identify specific lead bearing phases in MWC fly ash. Detailed information regarding lead speciation is necessary to completely understand the leaching behavior of MWC ash.

scholarly journals Ternary Mixes of Self-Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash and Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
B. Simões ◽  
P. R. da Silva ◽  
R. V. Silva ◽  
Y. Avila ◽  
J. A. Forero
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Chloride Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Solid Waste Incinerator

This study aims to evaluate the potential of incorporating fly ash (FA) and municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MIBA) as a partial substitute of cement in the production of self-compacting concrete mixes through an experimental campaign in which four replacement levels (i.e., 10% FA + 20% MIBA, 20% FA + 10% MIBA, 20% FA + 40% MIBA and 40% FA + 20% MIBA, apart from the reference concrete) were considered. Compressive and tensile strengths, Young’s modulus, ultra-sonic pulse velocity, shrinkage, water absorption by immersion, chloride diffusion coefficient and electrical resistivity were evaluated for all concrete mixes. The results showed a considerable decline in both mechanical and durability-related performances of self-compacting concrete with 60% of substitution by MIBA mainly due to the aluminium corrosion chemical reaction. However, workability properties were not significantly affected, exhibiting values similar to those of the control mix.

scholarly journals Reactivity of Ground Coal Bottom Ash to Be Used in Portland Cement

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Esperanza Menéndez ◽  
Cristina Argiz ◽  
Miguel Ángel Sanjuán
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties

Ground coal bottom ash is considered a novel material when used in common cement production as a blended cement. This new application must be evaluated by means of the study of its pozzolanic properties. Coal bottom ash, in some countries, is being used as a replacement for natural sand, but in some others, it is disposed of in a landfill, leading thus to environmental problems. The pozzolanic properties of ground coal bottom ash and coal fly ash cements were investigated in order to assess their pozzolanic performance. Proportions of coal fly ash and ground coal bottom ash in the mixes were 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 50:50, 0:100. Next, multicomponent cements were formulated using 10%, 25% or 35% of ashes. In general, the pozzolanic performance of the ground coal bottom ash is quite similar to that of the coal fly ash. As expected, the pozzolanic reaction of both of them proceeds slowly at early ages, but the reaction rate increases over time. Ground coal bottom ash is a promising novel material with pozzolanic properties which are comparable to that of coal fly ashes. Then, coal bottom ash subjected to an adequate mechanical grinding is suitable to be used to produce common coal-ash cements.

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