scholarly journals Thermal Management of Stationary Battery Systems: A Literature Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4194
Author(s):  
Martin Henke ◽  
Getu Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Battery Systems

Stationary battery systems are becoming increasingly common worldwide. Energy storage is a key technology in facilitating renewable energy market penetration and battery energy storage systems have seen considerable investment for this purpose. Large battery installations such as energy storage systems and uninterruptible power supplies can generate substantial heat in operation, and while this is well understood, the thermal management systems that currently exist have not kept pace with stationary battery installation development. Stationary batteries operating at elevated temperatures experience a range of deleterious effects and, in some cases, serious safety concerns can arise. Optimal thermal management prioritizes safety and balances costs between the cooling system and battery degradation due to thermal effects. Electric vehicle battery thermal management has undergone significant development in the past decade while stationary battery thermal management has remained mostly stagnant, relying on the use of active and passive air cooling. Despite being the default method for thermal management, there is an absence of justifying research or comparative reviews. This literature review seeks to define the role of stationary battery systems in modern power applications, the effects that heat generation and temperature have on the performance of these systems, thermal management methods, and future areas of study.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic-battery systems as irradiance sensors: first results of a prototype study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Barry ◽  
Anna Herman-Czezuch ◽  
Daniel Fischer ◽  
Stefanie Meilinger ◽  
Rone Yousif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Battery Systems ◽  
Pv Power Generation

<p>In view of the rapid growth of solar power installations worldwide, accurate forecasts of photovoltaic (PV) power generation are becoming increasingly indispensable for the overall stability of the electricity grid. In the context of household energy storage systems, PV power forecasts contribute towards intelligent energy management and control of PV-battery systems, in particular so that self-sufficiency and battery lifetime are maximised. Typical battery control algorithms require day-ahead forecasts of PV power generation, and in most cases a combination of statistical methods and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are employed. The latter are however often inaccurate, both due to deficiencies in model physics as well as an insufficient description of irradiance variability.</p><p>A promising approach to improving irradiance forecasts is to use the measured PV data themselves. In this work a novel algorithm was employed in order to infer global horizontal irradiance from measured PV data of household energy storage systems, with the goal of better characterising global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and ultimately improving irradiance and power forecasts. The inversion methods developed as part of the BMWi-funded MetPVNet project were applied to five PV-battery systems in different locations across Germany, in a pilot project sponsored by the local government of North Rhine-Westphalia (MWIDE NRW). High resolution measurements of PV power and current were used together with two different PV models in order to extract the plane-of-array irradiance. These data were then used together with both the DISORT and MYSTIC radiative transfer codes (Emde et al., 2016) to infer aerosol optical depth, cloud optical depth and irradiance under all sky conditions. The transposition of tilted to horizontal irradiance was performed with a new lookup table based on 3D radiative transfer simulations in MYSTIC.</p><p>The PV-battery systems were all equipped with irradiance sensors to provide independent measurements of both global tilted irradiance (GTI) and GHI, in order to validate the proposed inversion and transposition methods. Comparisons were also made with the irradiance predictions of the ICON-D2 weather model, the irradiance and cloud optical properties from satellite retrievals and the aerosol optical depth from the relevant AERONET stations. This work can provide the basis for future investigations using a larger number of PV-battery systems to evaluate the improvements to irradiance forecasts by the assimilation of inferred irradiance into a NWP model. In addition, the results could be used to improve the intelligent control of the storage systems in the field.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Emde, C., and Coauthors, 2016: The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations (version 2.0.1). <em>Geosci. Model Dev.</em>, <strong>9</strong>, 1647–1672, doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1647-2016. https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/9/1647/2016/.</p>

scholarly journals Rooftop Photovoltaic-Battery Systems to Mitigate Overvoltage and Under Voltage in a Residential Low Voltage Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Praphawadee Charoenwattana ◽  
Umarin Sangpanich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Battery Systems

High penetration of rooftop photovoltaic systems in a residential low voltage distribution system has to be controlled in order to maintain stable voltage condition. Energy storage systems, such as batteries, can be used to absorb excess energy of photovoltaic systems and to shave peak load during on-peak time. This paper proposes guiding principles for the incorporation of energy storage systems into a residential low voltage distribution system with high penetration of rooftop photovoltaic systems. Real residential distribution system circuits and all parameters from the Geographic Information System database of the Provincial Electricity Authority in Thailand were used for simulation analysis to study the application of energy storage systems for regulating voltage in a range of the nominal voltage by 10 %. Solar radiation data from the PVGIS were used. The voltage results were simulated by using the DIgSILENT Power Factory program. Based on the simulation, it was found that the overvoltage and under voltage protection and energy loss reduction could be achieved by (i) installing small battery systems in households and (ii) installing battery stations within the vicinity of the transformer or the weakest point of the circuit.

scholarly journals Effects of drying and shrinkage on the mechanical performance of unsaturated fine/medium- grained soils used as heat storage media

2021 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Henok Hailemariam ◽  
Frank Wuttke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Storage Media

Studying the mechanical behavior of heat storage media is vital in the safety and design of most sensible and borehole thermal energy storage systems, which are normally built as part of the sub-structure of buildings with load bearing capabilities. In spite of its importance on the efficiency and performance of heat energy storage systems, the mechanical stability and behavior of heat storage materials, mainly at elevated temperatures, has not been given adequate attention in past studies. On this regard, the mechanical behavior of three unsaturated fine- and medium- grained soils from Germany is studied at elevated temperatures, in view of using the soils as a solid sensible heat storage media. The results show a significant dependence of the mechanical behavior of the investigated soils on moisture content and temperature. Furthermore, an increase in shrinkage of the soil specimens with a decrease in the texture of the soils was observed during heating of the soils. The shrinkage behavior is also corroborated with the formation of minor and moderate tensile desiccation cracks of the specimens, which when unaccounted for can result in the lowering of the heat conduction of the heat storage medium, thus lowering the efficiency of the heat storage system.

scholarly journals A Thermal Investigation and Optimization of an Air-Cooled Lithium-Ion Battery Pack

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongbin Peng ◽  
Xujian Cui ◽  
Xiangping Liao ◽  
Akhil Garg
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Simulation Results

An effective battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential to ensure that the battery pack operates within the normal temperature range, especially for multi-cell batteries. This paper studied the optimal configuration of an air-cooling (AC) system for a cylindrical battery pack. The thermal parameters of the single battery were measured experimentally. The heat dissipation performance of a single battery was analyzed and compared with the simulation results. The experimental and simulation results were in good agreement, which proves the validity of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Various schemes with different battery arrangements, different positions of the inlet and outlet of the cooling system and the number of inlets and outlets were compared. The results showed that an arrangement that uses a small length-width ratio is more conducive to promoting the performance of the cooling system. The inlet and outlet configuration of the cooling system, which facilitates fluid flow over most of the battery pack over shorter distances is more beneficial to battery thermal management. The configuration of a large number of inlets and outlets can facilitate more flexible adjustment of the fluid flow state and can slow down battery heating to a greater extent.

Hybrid Wind and Solar Photovoltaic Generation with Energy Storage Systems: A Systematic Literature Review and Contributions to Technical and Economic Regulations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6521
Author(s):  
Gabriel Nasser Doyle de Doile ◽  
Paulo Rotella Junior ◽  
Luiz Célio Souza Rocha ◽  
Ivan Bolis ◽  
Karel Janda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Regulatory Aspects

The operation of electrical systems is becoming more difficult due to the intermittent and seasonal characteristics of wind and solar energy. Such operational challenges can be minimized by the incorporation of energy storage systems, which play an important role in improving the stability and reliability of the grid. The economic viability of hybrid power plants with energy storage systems can be improved if regulations enable the remuneration of the various ancillary services that they can provide. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide a literature review regarding the economic feasibility of hybrid wind and solar photovoltaic generation with energy storage systems and its legal and regulatory aspects. Observing the global tendency, new studies should address the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid wind and solar photovoltaic generation in conjunction with, at least, one kind of energy storage system. In addition, it is very important to take into account the regulatory barriers and propose solutions to remove them. It was observed that although regulatory aspects can influence the economic feasibility of hybrid projects, little is known about this relationship among regulatory frameworks. The findings presented in this article are important not only for Brazil, but also for other countries that do not have regulations in force to support the use of energy storage systems in hybrid systems.

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