scholarly journals A Decision Support Tool for Implementing District Heating in Existing Cities, Focusing on Using a Geothermal Source

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2750
Author(s):  
Ioannis Acheilas ◽  
Fransje Hooimeijer ◽  
Aksel Ersoy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Carbon Based

In the context of climate change mitigation strategies in urban environments and reducing reliance on carbon-based energy sources, the Netherlands is gradually taking steps towards modification of its thermal energy system. Geothermal energy, widely used in agriculture, has recently emerged as a local, clean, and sustainable energy source able to fulfil the residential demand for space heating and has received growing attention in district energy planning. However, failed attempts in the past and the lack of experience with direct application of this technology in district heating systems has increased uncertainty with respect to the technical, spatial, and socioeconomic barriers to be overcome between supply and demand. This calls for the application of decision support tools in order to remove these barriers and facilitate more appropriate decision making towards the implementation of smart thermal energy grids in local energy communities. This research explores how the network of actors, those who see opportunities in direct use of geothermal energy in the Netherlands, can work on the transformation of the current centralised carbon-based energy systems towards local sustainable energy communities.

scholarly journals Achieving a Flexible and Sustainable Energy System: The Case of Kosovo

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njomza Ibrahimi ◽  
Alemayehu Gebremedhin ◽  
Alketa Sahiti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

In today’s energy system, the diffusion of renewable-based technologies is accelerating rapidly. Development of mechanisms that support the large-scale deployment of renewables towards global warming and climate change mitigation continues to remain an issue of utter importance. The most important challenges the energy system of Kosovo faces today is the difficulty to meet all the demand for electricity, low operating efficiency and high release of greenhouse gas emissions, but specifically a large source of carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, this influences not only the stability of the system but the society as a whole. This paper addresses several possibilities for designing an adaptable energy system in Kosovo with the ability to balance electricity supply and demand which will meet the requirements for a more efficient, reliable and secure system. A new way of energy generating through integration of new renewable and non-renewable technologies is developed using the EnergyPLAN model. The system is based on available technologies: existing hydro, wind, photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power (CHP) and new solar thermal, heat pumps and biomass. The baseline scenario 2015 was expanded by four additional scenarios, two for the year 2030 and two for the year 2050. The contribution of renewable sources in the primary energy supply (PES) in the performed scenarios was 14.8%, 34.1%, 38.4%, 69.7% and 68.3% respectively. Further, a very important component of this paper is the investigation of integrating carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology in the coal-based power plant as part of the analysis in the second scenario for 2050. The shift to zero-carbon energy system in Kosovo requires additional research and assessment in order to identify the untapped potential of renewable sources. However, from the results obtained it can be concluded that the goal of a secure, competitive and sustainable energy system in Kosovo state which will meet its long-term energy needs can be certainly achieved.

scholarly journals Development and Analysis of a Multi-Node Dynamic Model for the Simulation of Stratified Thermal Energy Storage

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Cadau ◽  
Andrea De Lorenzi ◽  
Agostino Gambarotta ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Smart Energy Systems

To overcome non-programmability issues that limit the market penetration of renewable energies, the use of thermal energy storage has become more and more significant in several applications where there is a need for decoupling between energy supply and demand. The aim of this paper is to present a multi-node physics-based model for the simulation of stratified thermal energy storage, which allows the required level of detail in temperature vertical distribution to be varied simply by choosing the number of nodes and their relative dimensions. Thanks to the chosen causality structure, this model can be implemented into a library of components for the dynamic simulation of smart energy systems. Hence, unlike most of the solutions proposed in the literature, thermal energy storage can be considered not only as a stand-alone component, but also as an important part of a more complex system. Moreover, the model behavior has been analyzed with reference to the experimental results from the literature. The results make it possible to conclude that the model is able to accurately predict the temperature distribution within a stratified storage tank typically used in a district heating network with limitations when dealing with small storage volumes and high flow rates.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Heat Supply with Decentralized Multi-Energy Systems by Integration of Subsurface Seasonal Heat Storage

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7958
Author(s):  
Els van der Roest ◽  
Stijn Beernink ◽  
Niels Hartog ◽  
Jan Peter van der Hoek ◽  
Martin Bloemendal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Energy System Model ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Seasonal Heat

In the energy transition, multi-energy systems are crucial to reduce the temporal, spatial and functional mismatch between sustainable energy supply and demand. Technologies as power-to-heat (PtH) allow flexible and effective utilisation of available surplus green electricity when integrated with seasonal heat storage options. However, insights and methods for integration of PtH and seasonal heat storage in multi-energy systems are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we developed methods for improved integration and control of a high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) system within a decentralized multi-energy system. To this end, we expanded and integrated a multi-energy system model with a numerical hydro-thermal model to dynamically simulate the functioning of several HT-ATES system designs for a case study of a neighbourhood of 2000 houses. Results show that the integration of HT-ATES with PtH allows 100% provision of the yearly heat demand, with a maximum 25% smaller heat pump than without HT-ATES. Success of the system is partly caused by the developed mode of operation whereby the heat pump lowers the threshold temperature of the HT-ATES, as this increases HT-ATES performance and decreases the overall costs of heat production. Overall, this study shows that the integration of HT-ATES in a multi-energy system is suitable to match annual heat demand and supply, and to increase local sustainable energy use.

scholarly journals Optimal Energy Portfolios in the Heating Sector and Flexibility Potentials of Combined-Heat-Power Plants and District Heating Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Maciej Raczyński ◽  
Artur Wyrwa ◽  
Marcin Pluta ◽  
Wojciech Suwała
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of centralized district heating (DH) systems in context of energy system flexibility and decarbonization. The analysis is performed by applying the model TIMES-Heat-EU. Capacity expansion and operation of the district heating generation units is mainly driven by the evolution of the district heating demand, which varies between the REFLEX scenarios. In all scenarios fuel and technology switches toward bioenergy and natural gas leading to CO2 emission reduction. Since the total amount of energy produced (both heat and electricity) is the highest in the High-RES centralized scenario, the corresponding CO2 emissions for district heating are the highest as well. The CO2 emissions can be reduced by ⁓60% in 2050 compared to 2015. Furthermore, the role of thermal energy storage and power-to-heat technologies is examined.

scholarly journals A Robust Assessment Model of the Solar Electrical-Thermal Energy Comprehensive Accommodation Capability in a District Integrated Energy System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei ◽  
Jia ◽  
Mu ◽  
Wu ◽  
Jia
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cone Model ◽  
Integrated Energy System

As effective utilization of solar resources is a significant way to address the imbalance between energy supply and demand. Therefore, reasonably assessing the accommodation capability of solar energy is important. A two-stage robust evaluation model is proposed for the solar electricity-thermal energy comprehensive accommodation capability in a district integrated energy system. The accommodation capability index is constructed based on the second law of thermodynamics. A robust optimization model was adopted to deal with the uncertainty of solar irradiance. In the solution procedure, the non-convex non-linear power flow model is transformed into a second-order cone model to effectively fit the proposed two-stage robust evaluation model. Finally, a case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model and the solution method. The influence of irradiance fluctuation range, gas boiler, and energy storage is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Integrated Optimal Design and Control of Fourth Generation District Heating Networks with Thermal Energy Storage

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
van der Heijde ◽  
Annelies Vandermeulen ◽  
Salenbien ◽  
Helsen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Heating Networks ◽  
Optimal Design And Control

In the quest to increase the share of renewable and residual energy sources in our energy system, and to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, district heating networks and seasonal thermal energy storage have the potential to play a key role. Different studies prove the techno-economic potential of these technologies but, due to the added complexity, it is challenging to design and control such systems. This paper describes an integrated optimal design and control algorithm, which is applied to the design of a district heating network with solar thermal collectors, seasonal thermal energy storage and excess heat injection. The focus is mostly on the choice of the size and location of these technologies and less on the network layout optimisation. The algorithm uses a two-layer program, namely with a design optimisation layer implemented as a genetic algorithm and an optimal control evaluation layer implemented using the Python optimal control problem toolbox called modesto. This optimisation strategy is applied to the fictional district energy system case of the city of Genk in Belgium. We show that this algorithm can find optimal designs with respect to multiple objective functions and that even in the cheaper, less renewable solutions, seasonal thermal energy storage systems are installed in large quantities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document