scholarly journals Addendum: Maria-Arenas, A. et al. Control Strategies Applied to Wave Energy Converters: State of the Art. Energies 2019, 12, 3115

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1665
Author(s):  
Aleix Maria-Arenas ◽  
Aitor J. Garrido ◽  
Eugen Rusu ◽  
Izaskun Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

The authors would like to add the following note to Figure 7 of their paper published in Energies [...]

scholarly journals Control Strategies Applied to Wave Energy Converters: State of the Art

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleix Maria-Arenas ◽  
Aitor J. Garrido ◽  
Eugen Rusu ◽  
Izaskun Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Resonance Mode ◽  
Wave Energy Conversion ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Incoming Wave ◽  
Wave Energy Converters

Wave energy’s path towards commercialization requires maximizing reliability, survivability, an improvement in energy harvested from the wave and efficiency of the wave to wire conversion. In this sense, control strategies directly impact the survivability and safe operation of the device, as well as the ability to harness the energy from the wave. For example, tuning the device’s natural frequency to the incoming wave allows resonance mode operation and amplifies the velocity, which has a quadratic proportionality to the extracted energy. In this article, a review of the main control strategies applied in wave energy conversion is presented along their corresponding power take-off (PTO) systems.

scholarly journals Balancing Power Output and Structural Fatigue of Wave Energy Converters by Means of Control Strategies

Energies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2246-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferri ◽  
Simon Ambühl ◽  
Boris Fischer ◽  
Jens Kofoed
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Structural Fatigue ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

The Fair Evaluation of Wave Energy Converters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tan ◽  
Henk Polinder ◽  
Peter Wellens ◽  
Sape Miedema
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Size Optimization ◽  
Point Absorber ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Converters

Abstract In this paper, a fair evaluation method of WECs (Wave Energy Converters) is established based on frequency domain simulation. In this fair evaluation, size optimization and downsizing of PTO (Power Take-Off) capacity are included to minimize the Cost of Energy for the concerned wave location. Based on this fair evaluation, a techno-economic evaluation of a generic point absorber is conducted for a specific wave location, and two different control strategies of PTO are considered. The results show that this fair evaluation method can contribute to the improvement of techno-economic performance of WECs. Furthermore, a comparison among three different size optimization methods of WECs is performed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sizing of Wave Energy Converters on the Techno-Economic Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Jian Tan ◽  
Henk Polinder ◽  
Antonio Jarquin Laguna ◽  
Peter Wellens ◽  
Sape A. Miedema
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Domain Modeling ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Converters

Currently, the techno-economic performance of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) is not competitive with other renewable technologies. Size optimization could make a difference. However, the impact of sizing on the techno-economic performance of WECs still remains unclear, especially when sizing of the buoy and Power Take-Off (PTO) are considered collectively. In this paper, an optimization method for the buoy and PTO sizing is proposed for a generic heaving point absorber to reduce the Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE). Frequency domain modeling is used to calculate the power absorption of WECs with different buoy and PTO sizes. Force constraints are used to represent the effects of PTO sizing on the absorbed power, in which the passive and reactive control strategy are considered, respectively. A preliminary economic model is established to calculate the cost of WECs. The proposed method is implemented for three realistic sea sites, and the dependence of the optimal size of WECs on wave resources and control strategies is analyzed. The results show that PTO sizing has a limited effect on the buoy size determination, while it can reduce the LCOE by 24% to 31%. Besides, the higher mean wave power density of wave resources does not necessarily correspond to the larger optimal buoy or PTO sizes, but it contributes to the lower LCOE. In addition, the optimal PTO force limit converges at around 0.4 to 0.5 times the maximum required PTO force for the corresponding sea sites. Compared with other methods, this proposed method shows a better potential in sizing and reducing LCOE.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Direct-Drive Power Take-Off (DDPTO) Systems for Wave Energy Converters Based on Switched Reluctance Machines (SRM)

2021 ◽  
pp. 487-532
Author(s):  
Marcos Blanco ◽  
Jorge Torres ◽  
Miguel Santos-Herrán ◽  
Luis García-Tabarés ◽  
Gustavo Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Drive Power ◽  
Switched Reluctance ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Switched Reluctance Machines ◽  
Point Absorbers ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Energy Converters

AbstractThis chapter is focused on Power Take-Off (PTO) systems for wave energy converters (WEC), being one of the most important elements since PTOs are responsible to transform the mechanical power captured from the waves into electricity. It presents Direct-Drive PTO (DDPTO) as one of the most reliable solutions to be adapted to some particular types of WEC, such as point absorbers. A discussion about modularity and adaptability, together with intrinsic characteristics of direct-drive PTOs, is also included. Among the different technologies of electric machines that can be used in direct-drive linear PTOs, switched reluctance machines (SRM) are described in further detail. In particular, the Azimuthal Multi-translator SRM is presented as a suitable solution in order to increase power density and reduce costs. Not only the electric machine, but also the associated power electronics are described in detail. The description includes the different configurations and topologies of power converters and the most appropriate control strategies. Finally, a superconducting linear generator solution is described, presenting it as a reliable alternative for the application of direct-drive PTOs. An example of concept and preliminary design is included in order to highlight the main challenges to be faced during this process.

scholarly journals A comparison of control strategies for wave energy converters

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Coe ◽  
Giorgio Bacelli ◽  
David G. Wilson ◽  
Ossama Abdelkhalik ◽  
Umesh A. Korde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters
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