scholarly journals Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Piyanut Saengsikhiao ◽  
Juntakan Taweekun ◽  
Kittinan Maliwan ◽  
Somchai Sae-ung ◽  
Thanansak Theppaya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Thermodynamic And Transport Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and has lower GWP than that of R404A due to the use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) from R1234yf. The results of this research showed that R463A can be retrofitted to replace R404A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. The properties of R463A and R404A, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a 63% lower GWP value than that of R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of R463A were found to be higher than those of R404A; it can be used in a high-ambient-temperature environment, has higher refrigerant and heat-rejection effects, and has lower GWP than that of R404A by 52% due to the HFOs from the R1234yf component. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 10% under low-temperature applications. R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.

scholarly journals The Data Mining Technique Using RapidMiner Software for New Zeotropic Refrigerant

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Piyanut Saengsikhiao ◽  
Juntakan Taweekun
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Refrigerant Mixture ◽  
Thermodynamic And Transport Properties

This research presents the development of environmentally-friendly and energy efficient refrigerant for medium temperature refrigeration systems that new azeotropic refrigerant mixture of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrocarbon that can retrofit in the refrigeration system using R404A. The medium back pressure refrigeration testing standard that follow CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standard air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration institute (AHRI) and The properties of refrigerants and refrigeration simulation system that used national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software. The methodology uses decision tree function in datamining by rapid minor software that first of KDnuggets annual software poll that showed new azeotropic refrigerant mixture had cooling capacity, refrigerant effect, GWP and boiling point were lower than R404A but work and pressure for medium temperature refrigeration system of azeotropic refrigerant mixture were higher than R404A. The artificial intelligence (AI) by data mining technic can predictive environmentally-friendly and energy efficient refrigerant for medium temperature refrigeration. The result of refrigerant mixed by R134A, R32, R125 and R1270 and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs and HCs which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of Low GWP Refrigerant Mixtures in a Refrigerator as Replacement to R-134A

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Sk Mohammad Hasheer ◽  
Kolla Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
R 134A ◽  
Volumetric Cooling

AbstractChlorofluorocarbons and hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are replaced by hydroflourocarbons (HFCs) which is not harmful to the ozone layer. However, few of HFCs have a relatively high global warming potential (GWP) and are subject to further examination due to growing concerns about global climate change. The goal now is to find the next generation of environmentally sustainable work fluids with an insignificant direct environmental impact in terms of ozone depletion and global warming potential. This document introduces the mixture of low-GWP refrigerants like R440A, R430A, R1234ze (E)/152a (50:50 by mass), R290/600a (40/60), R290/600(60/40), R290/600(50/50), ARM 42,ARM 42a and AC5 are used to replace R-134a in a domestic refrigeration system without doing any modifications to the system. The performance of the refrigerator was observed in terms of volumetric cooling capacity, blower discharge temperature, and coefficient of performance, refrigeration effect and energy consumption of a blower.

Experimental Evaluation on Low Global Warming Potential HFO-1336mzz-Z as an Alternative to HCFC-123 and HFC-245fa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikuan Wang ◽  
Zhikai Guo ◽  
Xiaohong Han ◽  
Xiangguo Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
Low Global Warming Potential ◽  
Hcfc 123

HFO-1336mzz-Z with low global warming potential (GWP) was considered as a promising alternative of HCFC-123, HFC-245fa in air conditioning (AC) and heat pump (HP), respectively. In order to understand the operation performances of HFO-1336mzz-Z and HCFC-123, HFC-245fa in different working conditions, an experimental setup for testing the refrigeration cycle performance was built. The cycle performances of HFO-1336mzz-Z and HCFC-123 in AC conditions, HFO-1336mzz-Z and HFC-245fa in HP conditions were investigated by experiment. It was found in AC conditions, the discharge temperatures for the systems with HFO-1336mzz-Z and HCFC-123 were lower than 115 °C, the cooling capacity of the system with HFO-1336mzz-Z was 27% less than that with HCFC-123 at least, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system with HFO-1336mzz-Z was 0.1 lower than that with HCFC-123; in HP conditions, the discharge temperature with HFO-1336mzz-Z was lower than that with HFC-245fa, the former was never over 115 °C while the latter was up to 126 °C, the power input to the compressor with HFO-1336mzz-Z was 20% less than that with HFC-245fa in the same HP conditions, the heating capacity of the system with HFO-1336mzz-Z was 30–40% less than that with HFC-245fa.

scholarly journals Waste and Global Warming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Management System ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Proceeding Seminar Nasional“Perubahan Iklim dalam Perspektif Kesehatan Masyarakat”Jember, 16 Oktober 2010Waste was produced by human activity. Open dumping is the most method applied in Indonesia`s waste management system. Methane (CH4) can produce from waste open dumping method. Methane is a dangerous greenhouses gas. Methane (CH4) in the earth`s atmosphere is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential. It can damage ozone 21 faster than carbon dioxide (CO2). Indonesia`s population in 2009 was 234 million. Everybody produces waste of 800gr per day per person. The estimate Indonesia waste was 187,200-tons per day, which 1 ton of waste can produce 50 kg of methane (CH4) gases. Global warming can reduce by a good waste management system. It can reduce some of the dangerous greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Open dumping method must be stopped. The alternative to control the emission of methane (CH4) is applied sanitary landfill method.

scholarly journals Refrigerating fluid with a low global warming potential for automotive air conditioning systems in summer

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
Zhaofeng Meng ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Dingbiao Wang ◽  
Long Gao ◽  
Junhai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Automotive Air Conditioning ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Low Global Warming Potential ◽  
Lower Discharge

Refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP) are much needed in automotive air conditioning systems. This paper compares two refrigerants, R134a (GWP=1300) and R513A (GWP=573) experimentally. The results show that the latter has lower cooling capacity, lower COP and lower discharge temperature than the former, revealing that R513A is a promising replacement of its high GWP partner.

scholarly journals Electrocatalytic Processes for the Valorization of CO2: Synthesis of Cyanobenzoic Acid Using Eco-Friendly Strategies

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mena ◽  
Iluminada Gallardo ◽  
Gonzalo Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Silver Cathodes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process ◽  
Value Added Products

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a known greenhouse gas, and is the most important contributor to global warming. Therefore, one of the main challenges is to either eliminate or reuse it through the synthesis of value-added products, such as carboxylated derivatives. One of the most promising approaches for activating, capturing, and valorizing CO2 is the use of electrochemical techniques. In the current manuscript, we described an electrocarboxylation route for synthesizing 4-cyanobenzoic acid by valorizing CO2 through the synergistic use of electrochemical techniques (“green technology”) and ionic liquids (ILs) (“green solvents”)—two of the major entries in the general green chemistry tool kit. Moreover, the use of silver cathodes and ILs enabled the electrochemical potential applied to be reduced by more than 0.4 V. The “green” synthesis of those derivatives would provide a suitable environmentally friendly process for the design of plasticizers based on phthalate derivatives.

Environment Friendly Mixed Refrigerant to Replace R-134a in a VCR System with Exergy Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 1174-1179
Author(s):  
N. Austin ◽  
P.M. Diaz ◽  
D.S. Manoj Abraham ◽  
N. Kanthavelkumaran
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Vapour Compression

Study on environment friendly mixed refrigerant to replace R134a in vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) System. The mixed refrigerants investigated are propane (R290), butane (R600), isobutene (R600a) and R134a. Even though the ozone depletion potentials of R134a relative to CFC-11 are very low; the global warming potentials are extremely high and also expensive. For this reason, the production and use of R134a will be terminated in the near future. Hydrocarbons are free from ozone depletion potential and have negligible global warming potential. The results showed that, mixed refrigerant with charge of 80 g satisfy the required freezer air temperature when R134a with a charge of 110 g is used as refrigerant. The actual COP of refrigerator using mixed refrigerant was almost nearer that of the system using R134a as refrigerant. The coefficient of performance of the vapour compression refrigeration system using mixed refrigerant MR-3 [R134a/R290/ R600a/ R600 (20/35/40/5)] is having very close value with R134a and the Global warming potential of MR-3 is negligible when compared with R134a. Hence the mixed refrigerant MR-3 is chosen as an environmental friendly alternate refrigerant to R134a. The exergy analysis of the vapour compression refrigeration system using R134a and all the above mixtures are investigated. The effect of evaporator temperature on exergy efficiency and exergy destruction ratio of the system are experimentally studied. The exergy defect in the compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator are also obtained. Key words: R134a, Mixed refrigerant, Chlorofluorocarbons, Propane, Butane, Isobutene, REFPROP, COP, ODP, GWP, Exergy, VCR System.

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