scholarly journals Optimal Energy Management in a Standalone Microgrid, with Photovoltaic Generation, Short-Term Storage, and Hydrogen Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Cecilia ◽  
Javier Carroquino ◽  
Vicente Roda ◽  
Ramon Costa-Castelló ◽  
Félix Barreras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation

This paper addresses the energy management of a standalone renewable energy system. The system is configured as a microgrid, including photovoltaic generation, a lead-acid battery as a short term energy storage system, hydrogen production, and several loads. In this microgrid, an energy management strategy has been incorporated that pursues several objectives. On the one hand, it aims to minimize the amount of energy cycled in the battery, in order to reduce the associated losses and battery size. On the other hand, it seeks to take advantage of the long-term surplus energy, producing hydrogen and extracting it from the system, to be used in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. A crucial factor in this approach is to accommodate the energy consumption to the energy demand and to achieve this, a model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed. In this context, proper models for solar estimation, hydrogen production, and battery energy storage will be presented. Moreover, the controller is capable of advancing or delaying the deferrable loads from its prescheduled time. As a result, a stable and efficient supply with a relatively small battery is obtained. Finally, the proposed control scheme has been validated on a real case scenario.

scholarly journals Optimal Energy Management Strategy for a DC Linked Hydro–PV–Wind Renewable Energy System for Hydroelectric Power Generation Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Adel Elgammal ◽  
Curtis Boodoo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Energy Management Strategy

The goal of this article is to create an intelligent energy management system that will control the stand-alone microgrid and power flow of a grid associated that includes Battery Energy Storage System, Fuel Cell, Wind Turbine, Diesel Generator, Photovoltaic, and a Hydro Power Plant. Storage systems are required for high dependability, while control systems are required for the system's optimum and steady functioning. The control, operation, and planning of both energy demand and production are all part of energy management. By controlling unpredictable power and providing an appropriate control algorithm for the entire system, the suggested energy management strategy is designed to handle diverse variations in power demand and supply. Under the TOU Tariff, the problem is presented as a discrete time multi-objective optimization method to minimize grid imported energy costs. It also maximizes earnings from surplus RE sales to the grid at a pre-determined RE feed-in tariff. Simulations were run using SIMULINK/MATLAB to validate and evaluate the suggested energy management approach under various power demand and power supply scenarios. The simulations indicate that the proposed energy management can fulfill demand at all times utilizing unreliable renewables like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power plants, as well as hydrogen fuel cells and batteries, without affecting load supply or power quality.

Opportunities for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion in Hybrid Vehicles

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Headings ◽  
Vincenzo Marano ◽  
Christopher Jaworski ◽  
Yann Guezennec ◽  
Gregory Washington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Low Efficiency

Much analysis has been performed on the application of thermoelectrics in automobiles, but the low efficiency of the materials has so far limited their use. As a result, little has been done in the physical design of how to most efficiently utilize thermoelectrics in a vehicle's energy system. However, much progress has been and continues to be made in the field of thermoelectric materials. Developments in the areas of nanostructured materials have produced materials with double the efficiency of current commercially available materials. This, coupled with a growing need for the reduced consumption of fossil fuels and production of greenhouse gases, has generated renewed interest in the application of thermoelectrics in automotive systems. Hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) designs have provided significant improvements in fuel efficiency and continue to evolve. This modified energy management strategy introduces new components and energy distributions which force traditional designs to be reconsidered. For example, the temperature and quantity of thermal energy transferred through the exhaust and radiator are lowered. Also, the IC engine may not be run continuously, creating difficulties in maintaining temperature in the catalytic converter, powering belt-driven accessories, and regulating cabin temperature. This contributes to an increased demand for electrical energy. Finally, the power electronics are typically liquid cooled (order of 60-65 °C) and the high voltage battery packs must be kept cool (typically below 45 °C) to maximize their life. A detailed computer model which captures the details of the energy transfers in HEV's, including thermal loads will be used to assess the unique thermal requirements of hybrid vehicles under average engine loads. Based on these requirements, specific thermal energy management strategies will be proposed. These modified systems will be added to the computer model in order to evaluate their potential using currently available thermoelectrics materials. Finally, the preferred thermal energy management system will be selected as the basis for future design optimization.

Hierarchical energy management strategy considering switching schedule for a dual-mode hybrid electric vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110297
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Riming Xu ◽  
Lijin Han ◽  
Shumin Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Energy management strategies are critical for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to improve fuel economy. To solve the dual-mode HEV energy management problem combined with switching schedule and power distribution, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed in this paper. The mode planning controller is twofold. First, the mode schedule is obtained according to the mode switch map and driving condition, then a switch hunting suppression algorithm is proposed to flatten the mode schedule through eliminating unnecessary switch. The proposed algorithm can reduce switch frequency while fuel consumption remains nearly unchanged. The power distribution controller receives the mode schedule and optimizes power distribution between the engine and battery based on the Radau pseudospectral knotting method (RPKM). Simulations are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control strategy. For the mode planning controller, as the flattening threshold value increases, the fuel consumption remains nearly unchanged, however, the switch frequency decreases significantly. For the power distribution controller, the fuel consumption obtained by RPKM is 4.29% higher than that of DP, while the elapsed time is reduced by 92.53%.

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