scholarly journals Enhanced Flexible Algorithm for the Optimization of Slot Filling Factors in Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Dietz ◽  
Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso ◽  
Fabrizio Marignetti ◽  
Rosario Miceli ◽  
Claudio Nevoloso
Keyword(s):  
Filling Factor ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Accurate Design ◽  
Slot Filling

The continuous development in the field of industrial automation and electric mobility has led to the need for more efficient electrical machines with a high power density. The improvement of electrical machines’ slot filling factors is one of the measures to satisfy these requirements. In recent years, this topic has aroused greater interest in the industrial sector, since the evolution of the winding technological manufacturing processes allows an economically sustainable realization of ordered winding arrangements, rather than random ones. Moreover, the manufacture of electrical machines’ windings must be preceded by an accurate design phase in which it is possible to evaluate the maximum slot filling factor obtainable for a given wire shape and for its dimensions. For this purpose, this paper presents an algorithmic approach for the evaluation of maximum slot filling factors in electrical machines under an ideal geometric premise. In particular, this algorithm has a greater degree of flexibility with respect to the algorithm approaches found in the literature, since the study has been extended to round, rectangular and hexagonal wire sections. Furthermore, the slot filling factor calculation was carried out both for standard and non-standard slots. The algorithmic approach proposed can be considered as an additional useful tool for the fast design of electrical machine windings.

scholarly journals Enhanced Flexible Algorithm for the Optimization of Slot Filling Factors in Electrical Machines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso ◽  
Armin Dietz ◽  
Claudio Nevoloso ◽  
Rosario Miceli ◽  
Fabrizio Marignetti
Keyword(s):  
Filling Factor ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Accurate Design ◽  
Slot Filling

The continuous development in the field of industrial automation and electric mobility has led to the need for more efficient electrical machines with high power density. The improvement of electrical machines slot filling factors is one of the measures to satisfy these requirements. In recent years, this topic has aroused greater interest in the industrial sector, since the evolution of the winding technological manufacturing processes allows an economically sustainable realization of ordered winding arrangements, rather than random ones. Moreover, the manufacture of electrical machines windings must be preceded by an accurate design phase in which it is possible to evaluate the maximum slot filling factor obtainable for a given wire shape and for its dimensions. For this purpose, this paper presents an algorithmic approach for the evaluation of maximum slot filling factors in electrical machines under ideal geometric premise. In particular, this algorithm has a greater degree of flexibility with respect to the algorithm approaches found in the literature, since the study has been extended to round, rectangular and hexagonal wire sections. Furthermore, the slot filling factor calculation was carried out both for standard and non-standard slots. The algorithmic approach proposed can be considered as an additional useful tool for the fast design of electrical machine windings.

scholarly journals Cooling Technologies for High Power Density Electrical Machines for Aviation Applications

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf-Rüdiger Canders ◽  
Jan Hoffmann ◽  
Markus Henke
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
High Power ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Cooling Fluid ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Alternative Approach

This paper is aimed at giving an overview of possible cooling technologies for electrical machines and their assessment for aviation applications, e.g., fan or propeller drives. The most important demand for aircraft is the minimization of the drive system weight comprising electrical machine, power electronics, and the cooling system. The potential of aluminum winding an overview about several cooling technologies with the Rankine or Brayton cycle or utilizing the phase change of the cooling fluid is given. As an alternative approach, the cooling structure inside the machine is studied. A very interesting potential was discovered with direct slot cooling (DSC) removing the heat where it is produced and, thus, simplifying the cooling system effort and its weight. Since it is one of the most promising approaches, this cooling method is studied in depth. Furthermore, it can also be combined with one of the cooling technologies discussed above.

scholarly journals Reliability-Oriented Design of Inverter-Fed Low-Voltage Electrical Machines: Potential Solutions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4144
Author(s):  
Yatai Ji ◽  
Paolo Giangrande ◽  
Vincenzo Madonna ◽  
Weiduo Zhao ◽  
Michael Galea
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Engineering Approach

Transportation electrification has kept pushing low-voltage inverter-fed electrical machines to reach a higher power density while guaranteeing appropriate reliability levels. Methods commonly adopted to boost power density (i.e., higher current density, faster switching frequency for high speed, and higher DC link voltage) will unavoidably increase the stress to the insulation system which leads to a decrease in reliability. Thus, a trade-off is required between power density and reliability during the machine design. Currently, it is a challenging task to evaluate reliability during the design stage and the over-engineering approach is applied. To solve this problem, physics of failure (POF) is introduced and its feasibility for electrical machine (EM) design is discussed through reviewing past work on insulation investigation. Then the special focus is given to partial discharge (PD) whose occurrence means the end-of-life of low-voltage EMs. The PD-free design methodology based on understanding the physics of PD is presented to substitute the over-engineering approach. Finally, a comprehensive reliability-oriented design (ROD) approach adopting POF and PD-free design strategy is given as a potential solution for reliable and high-performance inverter-fed low-voltage EM design.

scholarly journals Effciency of an Electrical Machine in Electric Vehicle Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Shah ◽  
B. Silwal ◽  
A. Lehikoinen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Current Component ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Wide Range

Machines have always made life simpler, directly or indirectly. They have been developed for a very wide range of applications. For the per- formance analysis of any machine, one important parameter to be considered is the machine loss. This consideration has signifcances like determining the effciency of the machine which in turn infuences the operating cost, determining the heating of machine and for accounting the voltage drops or current component associated with the cause of the losses and many more. Losses in electrical machines can be categorized according to the causes or phenomena that produce them. The effciency of an electrical machine directly depends on different kind of losses in the machine. Therefore, in this paper we primarily focus on the losses in the machine. First, all possible losses, their causes and effects in an electrical machine have been explained. A brief account of calculating those losses has also been explained. The standard method of calculating the effciency follows after that. Finally, a fnite element analysis is performed for a test machine and the losses and the effciency of the test machine is stud- ied. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2015, 11(1): 20-29 

scholarly journals Modeling of Losses Due to Inter-Laminar Short-Circuit Currents in Lamination Stacks

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahas Bikram Shah ◽  
Paavo Rasilo ◽  
Anouar Belahcen ◽  
Antero Arkkio
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Tangential Component ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Boundary Layer Model ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Additional Losses

Abstract The cores of electrical machines are generally punched and laminated to reduce the eddy current losses. These manufacturing processes such as punching and cutting deform the electrical sheets and deteriorate its magnetic properties. Burrs are formed due to plastic deformation of electrical sheets. Burr formed due to punching on the edges of laminated sheets impairs the insulation of adjacent sheet and make random galvanic contacts during the pressing of stacked sheets. The effect of circulating current occurs if the burrs occur on the opposite edges of the stacks of laminated sheets and incase of bolted or wielded sheets, induced current return through it. This induced current causes the additional losses in electrical machine. The existence of surface current on the boundary between two insulated regions causes discontinuity of tangential component of magnetic field. Hence, based on this principle, the boundary layer model was developed to study the additional losses due to galvanic contacts formed by burred edges. The boundary layer model was then coupled with 2-D finite element vector potential formulation and compared with fine mesh layer model. Fine mesh layer model consists of finely space discretized 950028 second order triangular elements. The losses were computed from two models and were obtained similar at 50 Hz. The developed boundary layer model can be further used in electrical machines to study additional losses due to galvanic contacts at the edges of stator cores.

scholarly journals Review of Electrical Machine Diagnostic Methods Applicability in the Perspective of Industry 4.0

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Anouar Belahcen
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Machine Condition ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Machine Condition Monitoring ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractDigitalization of the industrial sector and Industry 4.0 have opened new horizons in many technical fields, including electrical machine diagnostics and operation, as well as machine condition monitoring. This paper addresses a selection of electrical machine diagnostics methods that are applicable for the use in the perspective of Industry 4.0, to be used in hand with cloud environments and the possibilities granted by the Internet of Things. The need for further research and development in the field is pointed out. Some potentially applicable future approaches are presented.

scholarly journals Smart-Sensors to Estimate Insulation Health in Induction Motors via Analysis of Stray Flux

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Zamudio-Ramirez ◽  
Roque Alfredo Osornio-Rios ◽  
Miguel Trejo-Hernandez ◽  
Rene de Jesus Romero-Troncoso ◽  
Jose Alfonso Antonino-Daviu
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Winding Insulation

Induction motors (IMs) are essential components in industrial applications. These motors have to perform numerous tasks under a wide variety of conditions, which affects performance and reliability and gradually brings faults and efficiency losses over time. Nowadays, the industrial sector demands the necessary integration of smart-sensors to effectively diagnose faults in these kinds of motors before faults can occur. One of the most frequent causes of failure in IMs is the degradation of turn insulation in windings. If this anomaly is present, an electric motor can keep working with apparent normality, but factors such as the efficiency of energy consumption and mechanical reliability may be reduced considerably. Furthermore, if not detected at an early stage, this degradation could lead to the breakdown of the insulation system, which could in turn cause catastrophic and irreversible failure to the electrical machine. This paper proposes a novel methodology and its application in a smart-sensor to detect and estimate the healthiness of the winding insulation in IMs. This methodology relies on the analysis of the external magnetic field captured by a coil sensor by applying suitable time-frequency decomposition (TFD) tools. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose the signal into different approximation and detail coefficients as a pre-processing stage to isolate the studied fault. Then, due to the importance of diagnosing stator winding insulation faults during motor operation at an early stage, this proposal introduces an indicator based on wavelet entropy (WE), a single parameter capable of performing an efficient diagnosis. A smart-sensor is able to estimate winding insulation degradation in IMs using two inexpensive, reliable, and noninvasive primary sensors: a coil sensor and an E-type thermocouple sensor. The utility of these sensors is demonstrated through the results obtained from analyzing six similar IMs with differently induced severity faults.

scholarly journals Conceptual Framework of Antecedents to Trends on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Padmanathan ◽  
N. Kamalakannan ◽  
P. Sanjeevikumar ◽  
F. Blaabjerg ◽  
J. B. Holm-Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators

Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) plays an inevitable role across the world. WECS consist of many components and equipment’s such as turbines, hub assembly, yaw mechanism, electrical machines; power electronics based power conditioning units, protection devices, rotor, blades, main shaft, gear-box, mainframe, transmission systems and etc. These machinery and devices technologies have been developed on gradually and steadily. The electrical machine used to convert mechanical rotational energy into electrical energy is the core of any WECS. Many electrical machines (generator) has been used in WECS, among the generators the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) have gained special focus, been connected with wind farms to become the most desirable due to its enhanced efficiency in power conversion from wind energy turbine. This article provides a review of literatures and highlights the updates, progresses, and revolutionary trends observed in WECS-based PMSGs. The study also compares the geared and direct-driven conversion systems. Further, the classifications of electrical machines that are utilized in WECS are also discussed. The literature review covers the analysis of design aspects by taking various topologies of PMSGs into consideration. In the final sections, the PMSGs are reviewed and compared for further investigations. This review article predominantly emphasizes the conceptual framework that shed insights on the research challenges present in conducting the proposed works such as analysis, suitability, design, and control of PMSGs for WECS.

Experimental Observations on the Thermal Performance of a Rotating Coolant Circuit with Reference to the Design of Electrical Machine Rotors

1976 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Morris ◽  
F. M. Dias
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Coolant Circuit

SYNOPSIS This paper presents the results of an investigation into the influence of rotation on the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of a rotating coolant circuit which has relevance to the design of cooled rotors for electrical machines. Tests conducted with a fixed pressure drop across the entire rotor circuit demonstrate that increases in rotational speed can produce consequential increases in the temperature of the simulated winding. This is true for the case where the energy dissipation is constant.

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