scholarly journals Simulating the Effect of Torrefaction on the Heating Value of Barley Straw

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios K. Sidiras ◽  
Antonios G. Nazos ◽  
Georgios E. Giakoumakis ◽  
Dorothea V. Politi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Severity Factor ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
The Impact

Many recent studies focused on the research of thermal treated biomass in order to replace fossil fuels. These studies improved the knowledge about pretreated lignocellulosics contribution to achieve the goal of renewable energy sources, reducing CO2 emissions and limiting climate change. They participate in renewable energy production so that sustainable consumption and production patterns can by ensured by meeting Goals 7 and 12 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. To this end, the subject of the present study relates to the enhancement of the thermal energy content of barley straw through torrefaction. At the same time, the impact of the torrefaction process parameters, i.e., time and temperature, was investigated and kinetic models were applied in order to fit the experimental data using the severity factor, R0, which combines the effect of the temperature and the time of the torrefaction process into a single reaction ordinate. According to the results presented herein, the maximum heating value was achieved at the most severe torrefaction conditions. Consequently, torrefied barley straw could be an alternative renewable energy source as a coal substitute or an activated carbon low cost substitute (with/without activation treatment) within the biorefinery and the circular economy concept.

scholarly journals Pretreatments of lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatica Predojevic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks

The use of renewable energy sources (biofuels), either as a component in the conventional fossil fuels, gasoline and diesel, or as a pure biofuel, contributes to energy saving and decrease of total CO2 emission. The use of bioethanol mixed with gasoline significantly decreases gasoline consumption and contributes to environment protection. One of the problems in the production of bioethanol is the availability of sugar and starch based feedstock used for its production. However, lignocellulosic feedstocks are becoming more significant in the production of bioethanol due to their availability and low cost. The aim of this study is to point out the advantages and shortcomings of pretreatment processes and hydrolyses of lignocellulosic feedstocks that precede their fermentation to bioethanol.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on an Inclined Collector Divergent Chimney Pilot Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 850 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
N Rajamurugu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Chimney ◽  
Energy Agency

Abstract Renewable energy sources become suitable valid options to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels or petroleum products. The International Renewable Energy Agency reports that the world will harvest 40% of energy from renewable energy sources by 2030. Conventional technologies such as solar PV technology, consumes higher capital per unit (kWh) of electricity generation cost significantly higher than the traditional sources. Hence, solar chimney power generation system can be suitable option for generating low cost energy. Solar chimneys are developed and tested by different researchers in enhancing the performance of the system. Studies on the geometric modifications of the collector, and chimney are limited. The aim of this paper is to analyse the experimental data obtained from a divergent solar chimney. Experimentation is carried under sunlight in an open atmosphere. The airflow rates in the chimneys are tested under different collector outlet height. The experimental results showed that a chimney with higher collector openings was performed well than other models. The computational analysis is also carried out using ANSYS Fluent software package which shows that the collector opening of 2.5m is recommended for higher high mass flow rate and system efficiency.

scholarly journals Model of a building heating system with renewable energy sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Nicolay Komitov ◽  
Nicolay Shopov ◽  
Violeta Rasheva
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
The Impact

The current century is characterized by an increasing use of renewable energy - wind farms, solar parks, bio fuels, etc. Climate change and rising prices of fossil fuels lead to increased investment in renewable energy. This raises the need to examine the impact of various factors on the efficiency of energy production from renewable energy sources. This is related to the development of adequate models and the implementation of appropriate computer systems to manage and control these processes. The present work presents the main aspects of the modelling of a building heating installation using renewable energy sources - a solar photovoltaic panel and a HHO gas generator. The additional energy needed to heat the building is provided by a pellet boiler. An energy balance of the studied building is made taking into account the external and internal temperatures and energy loss. The computer model was developed in order to build a system for process control in the building’s heating system.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy in the Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Sector: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8240
Author(s):  
Wadim Strielkowski ◽  
Lubomír Civín ◽  
Elena Tarkhanova ◽  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė ◽  
Yelena Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact

The electrical power sector plays an important role in the economic growth and development of every country around the world. Total global demand for electric energy is growing both in developed and developing economies. The commitment to the decarbonization of economies, which would mean replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RES) as well as the electrification of transport and heating as a means to tackle global warming and dangerous climate change, would lead to a surge in electricity consumption worldwide. Hence, it appears reasonable that the electric power sector should embed the principles of sustainable development into its functioning and operation. In addition, events such as the recent European gas crisis that have emerged as a result of the massive deployment of renewables need to be studied and prevented. This review aims at assessing the role of the renewable energy in the sustainable development of the electrical power sector, focusing on the energy providers and consumers represented both by businesses and households that are gradually becoming prosumers on the market of electric energy. Furthermore, it also focuses on the impact of renewables on the utility side and their benefits for the grid. In addition, it identifies the major factors of the sustainable development of the electrical power sector.

scholarly journals The prevalence of renewable energy in the Russian energy market

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 04018
Author(s):  
E. A. Konnikov ◽  
K. V. Osipova ◽  
N. A. Yudina ◽  
E.P. Korsak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The Impact

The energy crisis of 1973-1974 showed that it is difficult to constantly increase the power supply of production, based only on traditional energy sources. The power supply of society is the basis of its scientific and technological progress. It means that it is necessary to introduce unconventional, alternative energy sources more widely. Unlike fossil fuels, unconventional forms of energy are not limited to geologically reserves. Their use and consumption does not lead to the inevitable exhaustion of stocks. However, currently, the reform of world energy markets and increasing the share of renewable energy sources in their structure is a long and innovative process. Lots of countries (Russia in particular) bear significant risks because of reforming their own energy market, which causes a slight increase in the share of renewable energy sources. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyse the influence of environmental factors on the development of renewable energy sources in Russia. The result of this study is a system of econometric equations, which allows to evaluate the impact of changes in key drivers of the development of the renewable energy market.

scholarly journals Investigation of Biofuel as a Potential Renewable Energy Source

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
M. Anwar H. Khan ◽  
Sophia Bonifacio ◽  
Joanna Clowes ◽  
Amy Foulds ◽  
Rayne Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
The Impact

An accelerating global energy demand, paired with the harmful environmental effects of fossil fuels, has triggered the search for alternative, renewable energy sources. Biofuels are arguably a potential renewable energy source in the transportation industry as they can be used within current infrastructures and require less technological advances than other renewable alternatives, such as electric vehicles and nuclear power. The literature suggests biofuels can negatively impact food security and production; however, this is dependent on the type of feedstock used in biofuel production. Advanced biofuels, derived from inedible biomass, are heavily favoured but require further research and development to reach their full commercial potential. Replacing fossil fuels by biofuels can substantially reduce particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, but simultaneously increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), resulting in debates concerning the way biofuels should be implemented. The potential biofuel blends (FT-SPK, HEFA-SPK, ATJ-SPK and HFS-SIP) and their use as an alternative to kerosene-type fuels in the aviation industry have also been assessed. Although these fuels are currently more costly than conventional aviation fuels, possible reduction in production costs has been reported as a potential solution. A preliminary study shows that i-butanol emissions (1.8 Tg/year) as a biofuel can increase ozone levels by up to 6% in the upper troposphere, highlighting a potential climate impact. However, a larger number of studies will be needed to assess the practicalities and associated cost of using the biofuel in existing vehicles, particularly in terms of identifying any modifications to existing engine infrastructure, the impact of biofuel emissions, and their chemistry on the climate and human health, to fully determine their suitability as a potential renewable energy source.

scholarly journals Social Aspects of Energy Production from Renewable Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Wojciech Czekała ◽  
◽  
Filip Tarkowski ◽  
Patrycja Pochwatka ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The increased demand for energy determines the need to search for its next sources. One of them could be renewable energy sources, whose importance is increasing, among others, due to the limited resources of fossil fuels. In addition, renewable energy production has many benefits, mainly environmental and economic. Moreover, the social aspects associated with it cannot be ignored. The aim of this work was to discuss selected social benefits resulting from the production of renewable energy. Among the most important advantages of renewable energy sources is their local aspect, since energy production solves many regional problems, mainly related to its transport. The issue of energy security is also essential. In the case of biofuel production, the possibility of involving waste in energy production is extremely beneficial. The use of renewable energy itself directly affects the improvement of the environment, which in turn has a positive effect on people. Nowadays, sustainable development is one of the most critical challenges of humanity. These activities are closely related to the use of renewable energy sources. It is important to pay attention not only to subjects related to the environmental and economic aspects but also the impact of renewable energy sources on society.

scholarly journals Photobiological hydrogen as a renewable fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Vidya Jose
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

The huge global energy consumption has raised concerns over the depletion in readily available conventional energy resources. Besides, there are harmful atmospheric effects of fossil fuels and the qualms of future energy resources. The world hence is in dire need of new renewable energy sources that are cheap, non-polluting, environmentally friendly, and clean. This is the only way we can stop using fossil. Hydrogen is considered as an ideal fuel for the future because of its high energy content and its clean combustion to water. However, extensive technologies are required to introduce hydrogen as an alternative clean and cost-effective future fuel, which brings about the relevance of the exploitation of the microorganisms for large-scale renewable energy production. Reports of photobiological hydrogen production by oxygenic photosynthetic microbes, such as green algae and cyanobacteria and by anaerobic photosynthesis, are summarized in this paper, with a focus on the major obstacles that must be overcome by scientific and technical breakthroughs to make way for commercially feasible energy. The principle, progress, and prognosis of photobiological hydrogen as a renewable energy source are reviewed.

scholarly journals Biogas utilization in an internal combustion engine working in a serial hybrid propulsion system

2012 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Viktoria KOVACS ◽  
Adam TOROK ◽  
Akos BERECZKY ◽  
Stanislaw SZWAJA
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Reciprocating Engine

Due to increase in demand for fossil fuels and aspects of natural environment protection, there is a major need to utilize alternative and renewable energy sources in order to promote sustainable development. The use of biogas as a source of renewable energy could provide effective and alternative way to satisfy a remarkable part of this demand for the transportation sector. As biogas has high inert content of carbon dioxide, its heating value is lower compared to CNG. Applying these low heating value renewable gaseous fuels for means of transport is not fully worked out yet because their combustion characteristics significantly differ from liquid fuels that are currently used or propane, or natural gas based systems that are becoming more and more popular in transportation. Biogas is not in common use, thus its utilization is recently limited for engines with conventional equipment burning other fuels. Thus, theoretical and experimental analysis was made to investigate the usability of biogas. On the basis of conducted investigation, it was found that effective biogas utilization as a fuel for means of transport can be achieved in a serial hybrid system consisted of internal combustion reciprocating engine.

scholarly journals Impact Analysis of Renewable Energy based Generation in West Africa – A case study of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Temitope M. Adeyemi-Kayode ◽  
◽  
Sanjay Misra ◽  
Robertas Damaševičius ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
The Impact

The limited supply of fossil fuels, constant rise in the demand of energy and the importance of reducing greenhouse emissions has brought about the adoption of renewable energy sources for generation of electrical power. In this paper, the impact of renewable energy generation in Nigeria is explored. A review of renewable deposits in Nigeria with a focus on Solar, Biomass, Hydropower, Pumped Storage Hydro and Ocean energy is detailed. The impact of renewable energy-based generation is assessed from three different dimensions: Economic Impact, Social Impact and Environmental Impact. In accessing economic impact; the conditions are employment and job creation, gross domestic product (GDP) growth and increase in local research and development. To analyze the social impact; renewable energy education, renewable energy businesses, ministries and institutes, renewable energy projects and investments as well as specific solar and wind projects across Nigeria were considered. Also, environmental issues were discussed. Similarly, policy imperatives for renewable energy generation in Nigeria was provided. This paper would be useful in accessing the successes Nigeria has experienced so far in the area of sustainable development and the next steps to achieving universal energy for all in Nigeria in 2030.

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