scholarly journals An Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming a Diesel Engine Powered Passenger Car

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mariani ◽  
Maria Laura Mastellone ◽  
Biagio Morrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Prati ◽  
Andrea Unich
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Driving Conditions

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants are characterized by high efficiency and flexibility, as a result of a high degree of maturity. These systems are particularly suited for recovering energy from low temperature heat sources, such as exhaust heat from other plants. Despite ORCs having been assumed to be appropriate for stationary power plants, since their layout, size and weight constraints are less stringent, they represent a possible solution for improving the efficiency of propulsion systems for road transportation. The present paper investigates an ORC system recovering heat from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. A passenger car with a Diesel engine was tested over a Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycle. During the test exhaust gas mass flow rate and temperature have been measured, thus calculating the enthalpy stream content available as heat addition to ORC plant in actual driving conditions. Engine operating conditions during the test were discretized with a 10-point grid in the engine torque–speed plane. The ten discretized conditions were employed to evaluate the ORC power and the consequent engine efficiency increase in real driving conditions for the actual Rankine cycle. N-pentane (R601) was identified as the working fluid for ORC and R134a was employed as reference fluid for comparison purposes. The achievable power from the ORC system was calculated to be between 0.2 and 1.3 kW, with 13% system efficiency. The engine efficiency increment ranged from 2.0% to 7.5%, with an average efficiency increment of 4.6% over the RDE test.

scholarly journals Component-Oriented Modeling of a Micro-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle System for Waste Heat Recovery Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Ramin Moradi ◽  
Emanuele Habib ◽  
Enrico Bocci ◽  
Luca Cioccolanti
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Micro Scale

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems are some of the most suitable technologies to produce electricity from low-temperature waste heat. In this study, a non-regenerative, micro-scale ORC system was tested in off-design conditions using R134a as the working fluid. The experimental data were then used to tune the semi-empirical models of the main components of the system. Eventually, the models were used in a component-oriented system solver to map the system electric performance at varying operating conditions. The analysis highlighted the non-negligible impact of the plunger pump on the system performance Indeed, the experimental results showed that the low pump efficiency in the investigated operating range can lead to negative net electric power in some working conditions. For most data points, the expander and the pump isentropic efficiencies are found in the approximate ranges of 35% to 55% and 17% to 34%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum net electric power was about 200 W with a net electric efficiency of about 1.2%, thus also stressing the importance of a proper selection of the pump for waste heat recovery applications.

Waste Heat Recovery in a Cruise Vessel in the Baltic Sea by Using an Organic Rankine Cycle: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Ahlgren ◽  
Maria E. Mondejar ◽  
Magnus Genrup ◽  
Marcus Thern
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Net Power Output

Maritime transportation is a significant contributor to SOx, NOx and particle matter emissions, even though it has a quite low CO2 impact. New regulations are being enforced in special areas that limit the amount of emissions from the ships. This fact, together with the high fuel prices, is driving the marine industry towards the improvement of the energy efficiency of current ship engines and the reduction of their energy demand. Although more sophisticated and complex engine designs can improve significantly the efficiency of the energy systems in ships, waste heat recovery arises as the most influent technique for the reduction of the energy consumption. In this sense, it is estimated that around 50% of the total energy from the fuel consumed in a ship is wasted and rejected in fluid and exhaust gas streams. The primary heat sources for waste heat recovery are the engine exhaust and the engine coolant. In this work, we present a study on the integration of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) in an existing ship, for the recovery of the main and auxiliary engines exhaust heat. Experimental data from the operating conditions of the engines on the M/S Birka Stockholm cruise ship were logged during a port-to-port cruise from Stockholm to Mariehamn over a period of time close to one month. The ship has four main engines Wärtsilä 5850 kW for propulsion, and four auxiliary engines 2760 kW used for electrical consumers. A number of six load conditions were identified depending on the vessel speed. The speed range from 12–14 knots was considered as the design condition, as it was present during more than 34% of the time. In this study, the average values of the engines exhaust temperatures and mass flow rates, for each load case, were used as inputs for a model of an ORC. The main parameters of the ORC, including working fluid and turbine configuration, were optimized based on the criteria of maximum net power output and compactness of the installation components. Results from the study showed that an ORC with internal regeneration using benzene would yield the greatest average net power output over the operating time. For this situation, the power production of the ORC would represent about 22% of the total electricity consumption on board. These data confirmed the ORC as a feasible and promising technology for the reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of existing ships.

scholarly journals Development of a Pattern Recognition Methodology with Thermography and Implementation in an Experimental Study of a Boiler for a WHRS-ORC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Paz ◽  
Eduardo Suarez ◽  
Miguel Concheiro ◽  
Antonio Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Working Fluid

Waste heat dissipated in the exhaust system in a combustion engine represents a major source of energy to be recovered and converted into useful work. A waste heat recovery system (WHRS) based on an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a promising approach, and has gained interest in the last few years in an automotive industry interested in reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Understanding the thermodynamic response of the boiler employed in an ORC plays an important role in steam cycle performance prediction and control system design. The aim of this study is therefore to present a methodology to study these devices by means of pattern recognition with infrared thermography. In addition, the experimental test bench and its operating conditions are described. The methodology proposed identifies the wall coordinates, traces paths, and tracks wall temperature along them in a way that can be exported for subsequent post-processing and analysis. As for the results, through the wall temperature paths on both sides (exhaust gas and working fluid) it was possible to quantitatively estimate the temperature evolution along the boiler and, in particular, the beginning and end of evaporation.

Calculation and Optimization of Heat Transfer between the Low Exergy Heat Source and Organic Rankine Cycle Applied to Heat Recovery Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Sławomir Smoleń ◽  
Hendrik Boertz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Total System

One of the key challenges on the area of energy engineering is the system development for increasing the efficiency of primary energy conversion and use. An effective and important measure suitable for improving efficiencies of existing applications and allowing the extraction of energy from previously unsuitable sources is the Organic Rankine Cycle. Applications based on this cycle allow the use of low temperature energy sources such as waste heat from industrial applications, geothermal sources, biomass, fired power plants and micro combined heat and power systems.Working fluid selection is a major step in designing heat recovery systems based on the Organic Rankine Cycle. Within the framework of the previous original study a special tool has been elaborated in order to compare the influence of different working fluids on performance of an ORC heat recovery power plant installation. A database of a number of organic fluids has been developed. The elaborated tool should create a support by choosing an optimal working fluid for special applications and become a part of a bigger optimization procedure by different frame conditions. The main sorting criterion for the fluids is the system efficiency (resulting from the thermo-physical characteristics) and beyond that the date base contains additional information and criteria, which have to be taken into account, like environmental characteristics for safety and practical considerations.The presented work focuses on the calculation and optimization procedure related to the coupling heat source – ORC cycle. This interface is (or can be) a big source of energy but especially exergy losses. That is why the optimization of the heat transfer between the heat source and the process is (besides the ORC efficiency) of essential importance for the total system efficiency.Within the presented work the general calculation approach and some representative calculation results have been given. This procedure is a part of a complex procedure and program for Working Fluid Selection for Organic Rankine Cycle Applied to Heat Recovery Systems.

Effects of Various Types of Binary Cycles on Thermal and Exergy Efficiency of Combined Flash-Binary Power Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Vatani ◽  
Masoud Ziabasharhagh ◽  
Shayan Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Internal Heat Exchanger ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Geothermal Power

With the progress of technologies, engineers try to evaluate new and applicable ways to get high possible amount of energy from renewable resources, especially in geothermal power plants. One of the newest techniques is combining different types of geothermal cycles to decrease wastage of the energy. In the present article, thermodynamic optimization of different flash-binary geothermal power plants is studied to get maximum efficiency. The cycles studied in this paper are single and double flash-binary geothermal power plants of basic Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), regenerative ORC and ORC with an Internal Heat Exchanger (IHE). The main gain due to using various types of ORC cycles is to determine the best and efficient type of the Rankine cycle for combined flash-binary geothermal power plants. Furthermore, in binary cycles choosing the best and practical working fluid is an important factor. Hence three different types of working fluids have been used to find the best one that gives maximum thermal and exergy efficiency of combined flash-binary geothermal power plants. According to results, the maximum thermal and exergy efficiencies both achieved in ORC with an IHE and the effective working fluid is R123.

Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery in a Hybrid Vehicle

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quazi E. Hussain ◽  
David R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Heat

The Rankine cycle is used commercially to generate power in stationary power plants using water as the working fluid. For waste heat recovery applications, where the temperature is lower, water is typically replaced by a carefully selected organic fluid. This work is based on using the waste heat in an automobile to generate electricity using the Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with R245fa (1, 1, 1, 3, 3 penta-fluoropropane) as the working fluid. The electricity thus generated can be used to drive the accessory load or charge the battery which in any case helps improve the fuel economy. A simple transient numerical model has been developed that is capable of capturing the main effects of this cycle. Results show that exhaust heat alone can generate enough electricity that is capable of bringing about an improvement to the fuel economy under transient drive cycle conditions. Power output during EPA Highway drive cycle is much higher than EPA City due to higher exhaust mass flow rate and temperature. Time needed to reach operating conditions or in other words, the warm-up time plays an important role in the overall drive cycle output. Performance is found to improve significantly when coolant waste heat is used in conjunction with the residual exhaust heat to pre-heat the liquid. A sizing study is also performed to keep the cost, weight, and packaging requirement down without sacrificing too much power. With careful selection of heat exchanger design parameters, it has been demonstrated that the backpressure on the engine can be actually lowered by cooling off the exhaust gas. This lower backpressure will further boost the fuel economy gained by the electricity produced by the Rankine bottoming cycle.

Study on the Performance of the Organic Rankine Cycle System with Internal Heat Exchanger under Vehicle Engine Various Operating Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Hong Guang Zhang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Fu Bin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Internal Heat Exchanger

Through experiment, the variation of the exhaust energy of the vehicle diesel engine is studied, a set of vehicle diesel engine-organic Rankine cycle (ORC) combined system with internal heat exchanger (IHE) is designed, the zeotropic mixtures R416A is used as the working fluids for the ORC system with IHE, by theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, the variation of the vehicle diesel engine-ORC combined system with IHE under entire operating conditions of the diesel engine is studied, the calculation results show that, when engine is operating at high speed and high torque, the performance of the vehicle diesel engine-ORC combined system with IHE is higher.

scholarly journals Análisis termodinámico del intercambiador de calor de un sistema ORC para el aprovechamiento de calor residual en procesos industriales

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Uzziel Caldiño-Herrera ◽  
Delfino Cornejo-Monroy ◽  
Shehret Tilvaldyev ◽  
José Omar Dávalos-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Working Fluid

In this paper we present the implementation of a system based on organic Rankine cycle coupled to a heat discharge of an industrial process. Waste heat is used as an energy source input to the system, which uses this energy to evaporate an organic fluid and expand it in a turbine, where mechanical power is produced. The system consists of 4 processes and the heat exchanger is specially analyzed. According to the availability of heat energy, the heat exchanger was designed to achieve the maximum efficiency in the energy system. Likewise, the maximum thermal efficiency of the ORC system is calculated as a function of the available energy, the energy source temperature and the available mass flow rate. By these calculations, the working fluid and the suitable operating conditions were selected through a thermodynamic analysis.

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