scholarly journals Towards the Correct Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Melts and Nanofluids

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Nieto de Castro ◽  
Maria José V. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Physical Situation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Energy Field

Thermophysical properties of engineering fluids have proven in the past to be essential for the design of physical and chemical processing and reaction equipment in the chemical, metallurgical, and allied industries, as they influence directly the design parameters and performance of plant units in the of, for example, heat exchangers, distillation columns, phase separation, and reactors. In the energy field, the search for the optimization of existing and alternative fuels, either using neutral or ionic fluids, is an actual research and application topic, both for new applications and the sustainable development of old technologies. One of the most important drawbacks in the industrial use of thermophysical property data is the common discrepancies in available data, measured with different methods, different samples, and questionable quality assessment. Measuring accurately the thermal conductivity of fluids has been a very successful task since the late 1970s due to the efforts of several schools in Europe, Japan, and the United States. However, the application of the most accurate techniques to several systems with technological importance, like ionic liquids, nanofluids, and molten salts, has not been made in the last ten years in a correct fashion, generating highly inaccurate data, which do not reflect the real physical situation. It is the purpose of this paper to review critically the best available techniques for the measurement of thermal conductivity of fluids, with special emphasis on transient methods and their application to ionic liquids, nanofluids, and molten salts.

Policy coherence for development and migration: Analyzing US and EU policies through the lens of normative transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlan Koff
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Transformative Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Policy Coherence For Development ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Global Affairs

The European Union’s (EU) 2015–2016 “migration/asylum crisis” gave discussions over the relationships between migration, security and development renewed prominence in global affairs. In response to record migratory flows, the EU, like the United States (US), has implemented security responses to migration aimed at protecting territorial integrity. This article addresses the migration–security–development nexus through the lens of policy coherence for development (PCD). It compares EU and US migration policies within the framework of the “transformative development” associated with the Sustainable Development Goals. It contends that these donors have undermined transformative development through the regionalization of development aid, which has contributed to the securitization of both development and migration policies. Thus, the article contends that new mechanisms for change need to be identified. It introduces the notion of “normative coherence” and proposes a potential role for regional human rights courts in fostering migration-related PCD.Spanish abstract: La “crisis migratoria” de la Unión Europea (UE) del 2015–2016 arrojó discusiones sobre las relaciones entre migración, seguridad y desarrollo renovando su prominencia en los asuntos globales. La UE, como los Estados Unidos de América (EE.UU), ha implementado respuestas de seguridad a la migración dirigidas a proteger la integridad territorial. Este artículo se dirige al nexo entre migración, seguridad y desarrollo a través de la lente de la coherencia de políticas públicas para el desarrollo (CPD). Compara las políticas migratorias de UE y EE.UU dentro del marco del “desarrollo transformativo” asociado con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Sostiene que estos donantes han socavado el desarrollo transformativo mediante la regionalización de la ayuda al desarrollo, el cual ha contribuido a incorporar aspectos de seguridad. Así, el artículo sostiene que se requiere identificar nuevos mecanismos para el cambio. Se introduce la noción de “coherencia normativa” y propone el rol potencial de cortes regionales de derechos humanos para promover CPD relacionadas a la migración.French abstract: La crise migratoire 2015-2016 de l’Union Européenne (UE) a replacé les discussions en matière de migration, de sécurité et de développement dans une perspective globale renouvelée. En réponse aux flux sans précédent, l’UE tout comme les Etats-Unis (EU) ont développé des réponses sécuritaires, destinées à protéger leur intégrité territoriale. Cet article évoque la connexion entre la migration, la sécurité et le développement à travers l’optique de la cohérence des politiques publiques pour le développement (CPD). Il compare les politiques migratoires de l’UE et des EU à partir du cadre du « développement transformateur » associé aux ODD. Il révèle que ces donateurs ont saboté le développement transformateur à travers la régionalisation de l’aide au développement, ce qui a contribué à octroyer un impératif sécuritaire. Ainsi, l’article soutient que de nouveaux mécanismes doivent être identifiés. Il introduit la « cohérence normative » et propose un rôle potentiel pour les Cours régionales des droits humaines dans la perspective de promouvoir la CPD en matière de migration.

scholarly journals Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Liquids and IoNanofluids. Can Molecular Theory Help?

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Xavier Paredes ◽  
Maria José Lourenço ◽  
Carlos Nieto de Castro ◽  
William Wakeham
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Molecular Theory ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Diphenyl Oxide ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement

Ionic liquids have been suggested as new engineering fluids, specifically in the area of heat transfer, and as alternatives to current biphenyl and diphenyl oxide, alkylated aromatics and dimethyl polysiloxane oils, which degrade above 200 °C, posing some environmental problems. Addition of nanoparticles to produce stable dispersions/gels of ionic liquids has proved to increase the thermal conductivity of the base ionic liquid, potentially contributing to better efficiency of heat transfer fluids. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze the prediction and estimation of the thermal conductivity of ionic liquids and IoNanofluids as a function of temperature, using the molecular theory of Bridgman and estimation methods previously developed for the base fluid. In addition, we consider methods that emphasize the importance of the interfacial area IL-NM in modelling the thermal conductivity enhancement. Results obtained show that it is not currently possible to predict or estimate the thermal conductivity of ionic liquids with an uncertainty commensurate with the best experimental values. The models of Maxwell and Hamilton are not capable of estimating the thermal conductivity enhancement of IoNanofluids, and it is clear that the Murshed, Leong and Yang model is not practical, if no additional information, either using imaging techniques at nanoscale or molecular dynamics simulations, is available.

Transportation Fuel Resiliency: Case Study of Tampa Bay

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110416
Author(s):  
Alexander Kolpakov ◽  
Austin Marie Sipiora ◽  
Caley Johnson ◽  
Erin Nobler
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hurricane Irma

This case study presents findings from an analysis of the emergency preparation and response for Hurricane Irma, the most recent hurricane impacting the Tampa Bay region. The Tampa Bay region, in particular, is considered one of the most vulnerable areas in the United States to hurricanes and severe tropical weather. A particular vulnerability stems from how all petroleum fuel comes to the area by marine transport through Port Tampa Bay, which can be (and has been in the past) impacted by hurricanes and tropical storms. The case study discussed in this paper covers previous fuel challenges, vulnerabilities, and lessons learned by key Tampa Bay public agency fleets during the past 10 years (mainly as a result of the most recent 2017 Hurricane Irma) to explore ways to improve the area’s resilience to natural disasters. Some of the strategies for fuel-supply resiliency include maintaining emergency fuel supply, prioritizing fuel use, strategically placing the assets around the region to help with recovery, investing in backup generators (including generators powered by alternative fuels), planning for redundancies in fuel supply networks, developing more efficient communication procedures between public fleets, hurricane preparedness-planning, and upgrading street drainage systems to reduce the threat of local flooding.

scholarly journals Sustainability of micro-enterprises in the digital economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Oksana Mukhoryanova ◽  
Larisa Kuleshova ◽  
Nina Rusakova ◽  
Olga Mirgorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

This paper aims at investigating the predisposition leading to the sustainability of micro-enterprises in the digital economy, especially the sharing economy. This area represents a new field since the research of the impact of the sharing economy on small enterprises is still in its infancy. We study the role of the entrepreneurial approach and entrepreneurial philosophy of the small business with regard to the digitalization and the sustainable development and growth using examples from the European Union and the United States. Some common features and trends are derived and the outcomes are discussed. Our results point at the fact that by creating an economy for micro-entrepreneurs, the sharing economy thrives on traditional industry disrupted by technology. Since micro-enterprises constitute a backbone of the economy in many developed and developing countries, more research is required to shed the light of the sustainable development of these types of enterprises in the globalized and digitalized world.

Study on the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Ignition Delay of Surrogate Fuel for RP-3 Kerosene

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 549-552
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Hong An Ma ◽  
Kang Yao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Hydrogen Addition ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Surrogate Fuel

In order to reduce the emission and realize the sustainable development in aviation industry, looking for alternative fuel as kerosene has become more and more important. Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuels. In our study RP-3 kerosene with hydrogen addition is used as the alternative kerosene. A RP-3 kerosene surrogate includes n-decane, toluene and propyl cyclohexane (volume fraction is 0.65/0.1/0.25) was chosen and the ignition delay times are calculated in CHEMKIN-PRO, it is found that hydrogen addition can shorten ignition delay.

Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) With Various Magnetic Nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Y. Jagath B. Nikapitiya ◽  
Hyejin Moon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Magnetic Nanofluids

This paper reports an experimental study of thermal conductivity of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based magnetic nanofluids. Various magnetic nanoparticles of metal oxides with high thermal conductivity, such as CuO, Al2O3, Fe3O4 and Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs), were used to prepare magnetic nanofluids, while RTIL, trihexyl (tetradecyl) posphonium dicyanamide was used as the base fluid. Two major parameters that affect to the thermal conductivity enhancement of fluids were investigated. The effect of particle concentration and external magnetic fields were tested. It was observed that the magnetic nanofluids thermal conductivities increase with increment of particle concentration and external magnetic field parallel to the temperature gradient. Besides, it was observed that under higher magnetic fields, thermal conductivity enhancement tends to approach a saturation state. Surfactant was used to disperse magnetic nanoparticles within the RTILs. The transient hot wire method was used for this investigation.

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