scholarly journals Methane Yield Potential of Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus (Greef et Deuter)) Established under Maize (Zea mays L.)

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz von Cossel ◽  
Anja Mangold ◽  
Yasir Iqbal ◽  
Iris Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Fiber Analysis ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
The Mean

This study reports on the effects of two rhizome-based establishment procedures ‘miscanthus under maize’ (MUM) and ‘reference’ (REF) on the methane yield per hectare (MYH) of miscanthus in a field trial in southwest Germany. The dry matter yield (DMY) of aboveground biomass was determined each year in autumn over four years (2016–2019). A biogas batch experiment and a fiber analysis were conducted using plant samples from 2016–2018. Overall, MUM outperformed REF due to a high MYH of maize in 2016 (7211 m3N CH4 ha−1). The MYH of miscanthus in MUM was significantly lower compared to REF in 2016 and 2017 due to a lower DMY. Earlier maturation of miscanthus in MUM caused higher ash and lignin contents compared with REF. However, the mean substrate-specific methane yield of miscanthus was similar across the treatments (281.2 and 276.2 lN kg−1 volatile solid−1). Non-significant differences in MYH 2018 (1624 and 1957 m3N CH4 ha−1) and in DMY 2019 (15.6 and 21.7 Mg ha−1) between MUM and REF indicate, that MUM recovered from biotic and abiotic stress during 2016. Consequently, MUM could be a promising approach to close the methane yield gap of miscanthus cultivation in the first year of establishment.

scholarly journals Nutritional contents in Myrciaria dubia plants in function of in Potassium doses applied through fertigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Carlos Abanto-Rodríguez ◽  
Edvan Alves Chagas ◽  
Wellintong Farias Araújo ◽  
João Luiz Lopes Monteiro Neto ◽  
Eduardo Medeiros de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Myrciaria Dubia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Leaf N

The objective in this study was to determine the nutrient contents in Myrciaria dubia plants in function of five K2O doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) applied through fertigation.  Leaf dry matter (LDM), total dry matter (TDM), and leaf nutrient contents were evaluated.  The LDM and TDM were higher in plants subjected to the dose of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, with 52.44 g and 302.69 g, respectively.  Leaf N and K contents were 22.15 and 9.48 g kg-1 in response to 160 kg ha-1 of K2O.  The mean P, Ca and S contents were 1.6, 17.89 and 1.61 g kg-1, respectively, and the content of Mg2 + decreased from 5.62 to 2.74 g kg-1 at the dose of 0 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, respectively.  The B, Mn and Fe contents decreased from 136.5 to 100.0, 346.24 to 248, and from 142.06 to 97.35 mg kg-1 at the dose of 0 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, respectively.  The mean Cu and Zn contents were 3.81 and 40,54 mg kg-1, respectively, at the K2O doses.  The nutrient content determined in the leaves of M. dubia were adequate for the development of the species in the first year of cultivation, presenting the following decreasing order: N> Ca> K> Mg> P = S> Mn> B> Fe > Zn> Cu.

scholarly journals The effects of different methods of cultivation and plant spacing on the chemical composition of broccoli heads

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Grabowska ◽  
Edward Kunicki ◽  
Andrzej Libik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract The aim of the present experiment was to assess the influence of the method of cultivation and spacing on the market and nutritive quality of ‘Lord F1’ broccoli heads. The experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland, in 2002-2004. The method of broccoli cultivation (direct sowing or transplanting, and spacing: 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm × 67.5 cm) had no clear influence on the dry matter content in the heads. The mean dry matter content in broccoli heads was 9.5%, and reducing sugar was 1.12% of fresh matter. In 2002 and 2004, transplanting resulted in an increase of soluble sugar content as compared to direct sowing. The element content in broccoli was dependent mainly on the vegetation season, but in many cases directly sown plants had more phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. With the increase of spacing in rows the content of some elements (P, K, Ca, Mg) in broccoli heads rose in the first year of the experiment. The mean content of elements found in broccoli heads was as follows (in mg kg-1 of dry matter): phosphorus 6001, potassium 23447, calcium 3696, magnesium 1583, and iron 66.7.

scholarly journals Effect of Next Generation Fertilizers on Growth and Yield Potential of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Faroque ◽  
◽  
Alok Kumar Paul ◽  
Asaduzzaman ◽  
Parimal Bissus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Kernel Yield

To reduce the existing yield gap of maize crop between research and farmer’s field, the experiment was carried out during the period from March, 2014 to June, 2014 at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The experiments were laid out in RCBD method with three replications and eight treatments including control viz. Treatment0 = control (no fertilizer), Treatment1=recommended dose N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1 kg ha-1, Treatment 2=American NPK+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1, Treatment3=Bio-forge+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1 , Treatment4=Wuxal+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1, Treatment5=Peak+N250P50K100S25Zn2B1, Treatment6=Root Feed+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1 and Treatment7=Nitro Plus+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1 and three maize varieties namely Variety1=BARI Hybrid Bhutta-5, Variety2=BARI Hybrid Bhutta-6 and Variety3=BARI Hybrid Bhutta-9. Growth and yield contributing characters mainly plant height, cob length, cob weight, 100-kernel weight and kernel yield of maize crop were significantly influenced by the next generation fertilizers. Bio-forge along with other recommended fertilizers performed the best compared to other treatments of the study in aspect of kernel yield (5.95 t ha1) and statistically similar result showed by Root Feed along with other recommended fertilizers and produced 5.12 t ha1 kernel yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of semi-hybrid perennial ryegrass populations

2010 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Barrett ◽  
M.A. Turner ◽  
T.B. Lyons ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
H.S. Easton
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
The Mean

The yield potential of modern forage cultivars is a limit to production from pasture- based agriculture, and may influence profitability. Hybrid vigour has increased yield in a range of plant species, but is only partially captured in conventional forage breeding systems. The objective of this research was to assess the potential for harnessing hybrid vigour in a semi-hybrid breeding system for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Paired crosses among eight parental sources, including four cultivars and four ecotypes, were used to create 28 semi-hybrid populations. Parents, semi-hybrids and check cultivars were trialled in pure grass plots under rotational grazing for 2 years in the Manawatu. Dry matter yield data were used to estimate cumulative and seasonal patterns of hybrid vigour expression for cultivar x cultivar semi-hybrid combinations. The mean level of high parent heterosis was less than 2%. However, one combination exhibited significant (p

scholarly journals An update of new flood-irrigated rice cultivars in the SimulArroz model

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovana Ghisleni Ribas ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Ary José Duarte Junior ◽  
Bruna San Martin Rolin Ribeiro ◽  
Isabela Bulegon Pilecco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Rice Phenology

Abstract: The objective of this work was to model, in the SimulArroz model, the three flood-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars currently most grown in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiments to calibrate and validate the model were conducted in the municipalities of Cachoeirinha, Santa Maria, Uruguaiana, Santa Vitória do Palmar, and Cachoeira do Sul during four crop seasons. The number of leaves, phenology, aboveground dry matter biomass, and yield of each cultivar were evaluated. The results showed a slight overestimate of the R1, R4, and R9 stages; however, overall, the SimulArroz model had a good performance in simulating rice phenology for the three studied genotypes. Furthermore, the model had a reasonable accuracy in simulating aboveground dry matter and yield. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) for aboveground dry matter (leaves, stems, panicles, and grains) ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 Mg ha-1. For yield, the RMSE ranged from 0.8 to 1.3 Mg ha-1. The calibration of the SimulArroz model is efficient in simulating the growth, development, and grain yield of the most important flood-irrigated rice cultivars in Southern Brazil and can be used to estimate harvest forecast and yield potential, as well for yield gap studies.

scholarly journals Direct costs of common osteoporotic fractures (Hip, Vertebral and Forearm) in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marziyeh Rajabi ◽  
Afshin Ostovar ◽  
Ali Akbari Sari ◽  
Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi ◽  
Noushin Fahimfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Cost ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Fracture Incidence ◽  
Inpatient Cost ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forearm Fractures ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Osteoporotic fractures impose significant costs on society. The objective of this study was to estimate the direct costs of the hip, vertebral, and forearm fractures in the first year after fracture incidence in Iran. Methods We surveyed a sample of 300 patients aged over 50 years with osteoporotic fractures (hip, vertebral, and forearm) admitted to four hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during 2017 and were alive six months after the fracture. Inpatient cost data were obtained from the hospital patient records. Using a questionnaire, the data regarding outpatient costs were collected through a phone interview with patients at least six months after the fracture incidence. Direct medical and non-medical costs were estimated from a societal perspective. All costs were converted to the US dollar using the average exchange rate in 2017 (1USD = IRR 34,214) Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the patient was 69.83 ± 11.25 years, and 68% were female. One hundred and seventeen (39%) patients had hip fractures, 56 (18.67%) patients had vertebral fractures, and 127 (42.33%) ones had forearm fractures. The mean direct cost (medical and non-medical) during the year after hip, vertebral and forearm fractures were estimated at USD5,381, USD2,981, and USD1,209, respectively. Conclusion The direct cost of osteoporotic fracture in Iran is high. Our findings might be useful for the economic evaluation of preventive and treatment interventions for osteoporotic fractures as well as estimating the economic burden of osteoporotic fractures in Iran.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.) for Resistance to Striga asiatica and S. hermonthica and Compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) in Tanzania

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
John Lobulu ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark D. Laing ◽  
Arnold Angelo Mushongi ◽  
Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Mean

Striga species cause significant yield loss in maize varying from 20 to 100%. The aim of the present study was to screen and identify maize genotypes with partial resistance to S. hermonthica (Sh) and S. asiatica (Sa) and compatible with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent. Fifty-six maize genotypes were evaluated for resistance to Sh and Sa, and FOS compatibility. Results showed that FOS treatment significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced Striga management compared to the untreated control under both Sh and Sa infestations. The mean grain yield was reduced by 19.13% in FOS-untreated genotypes compared with a loss of 13.94% in the same genotypes treated with FOS under Sh infestation. Likewise, under Sa infestation, FOS-treated genotypes had a mean grain yield reduction of 18% while untreated genotypes had a mean loss of 21.4% compared to the control treatment. Overall, based on Striga emergence count, Striga host damage rating, grain yield and FOS compatibility, under Sh and Sa infestations, 23 maize genotypes carrying farmer preferred traits were identified. The genotypes are useful genetic materials in the development of Striga-resistant cultivars in Tanzania and related agro-ecologies.

scholarly journals Estimation of technical efficiency of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) farming in northwest Ethiopia: a stochastic frontier approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Birara Dessie ◽  
Tadie Mirie Abate ◽  
Betelhem Tsedalu Adane ◽  
Tiru Tesfa ◽  
Shegaw Getu
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Ethiopia is one of the east African countries which produce and exports various spices to other countries. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an important stiff annual flowering plant which mainly grows by producers for its seeds. An increasing demand of black cumin seed and oil in local, national and international market for medicinal, consumption and commercial purpose makes the best alternative crop for small holder farmers in Ethiopia. In spite of its importance, not much has been done to improve its production and productivity in Ethiopia. Therefore, this research was designed to examining efficiency variations and factors influencing technical inefficiency levels of producers on black cumin production in northwest Ethiopia. Primary data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered on 188 black cumin producers selected using systematic random sampling technique. Moreover, various data analysis methods such as descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model were used for analyzing the data. The empirical result obtained by applying maximum likelihood estimate of stochastic frontier model revealed that seed (p < 0.01) labor (p < 0.05), chemical (p < 0.01) and land (p < 0.05) were significant input variables in determining black cumin production. The mean technical efficiency level of black cumin producer was generally low, about 53.1%. The mean value of actual yield, potential yield and yield gap was 3.131, 5.832 and 2.701 quintals, respectively. Moreover, the result of stochastic frontier model together with the inefficiency parameters revealed that market price of black cumin (p < 0.01) and access of extension service (p < 0.1) were significant variables and positively influenced the efficiency levels of black cumin producers. Whereas age of producers (p < 0.05) and distance to farm plot (p < 0.01) negatively influenced the technical efficiency levels of black cumin producers. Therefore, the study recommends that adoption of latest agricultural technologies; development of institutions, agricultural extension services and infrastructure are advisable to improve the efficiency and commercial value of black cumin production.

scholarly journals Methodology of Analyzing Maize Density Loss in Smallholder’s Fields and Potential Optimize Approach

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Zhichao An ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Jiao ◽  
Zhongliang Kong ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Farmer Decision Making ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Farmer Survey ◽  
Experimental Plots

Increasing plant density is a key measure to close the maize (Zea mays L.) yield gap and ensure food security. However, there is a large plant density difference in the fields sown by agronomists and smallholders. The primary cause of this phenomenon is the lack of an effective methodology to systematically analyze the density loss. To identify the plant density loss processes from experimental plots to smallholder fields, a research methodology was developed in this study involving a farmer survey and measurements in a smallholder field. The results showed that the sowing density difference caused by farmer decision-making and plant density losses caused by mechanical and agronomic factors explained 15.5%, 5.5% and 6.8% of the plant density difference, respectively. Changing smallholder attitudes toward the value of increasing the plant density could help reduce this density loss and increase farm yields by 12.3%. Therefore, this methodology was effective for analyzing the plant density loss, and to clarify the primary causes of sowing density differences and plant density loss. Additionally, it was beneficial to identify the priorities and stakeholders who share responsibility for reducing the density loss. The methodology has wide applicability to address the sowing density differences and plant density loss in other areas to narrow crop yield gaps and ensure food security.

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