scholarly journals A Review of Energy Assessment Methodology for Water Supply Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedrzej Bylka ◽  
Tomasz Mroz
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Supply Systems

Energy assessment is one of the most important parts of water utility performance evaluation. In recent years, many methods for the evaluation of energy transformation in water distribution systems have been presented in the literature. The methods vary in terms of the scope and aim of assessment. The main objective of this paper was to give a review and comparative analysis of the methods for assessing the energy efficiency of water supply systems, which are described in the scientific literature and technical standards. Because the energy assessment of water supply systems is performed for different purposes, it is not possible to indicate one universal method. The main aim of the research was to present and analyze the methods currently in use. The review of different performance assessment methodologies provided information on issues related to the classification of methods, energy balancing, determination of reference values for performance assessment, the use of supporting computer tools, and the importance of data reliability. Gaps, challenges, and possibilities for future research were also described.

Performance assessment and benchmarking in water supply systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Garc√≠a-Serra Garc√≠a ◽  
Francisco Arregui de la Cruz ◽  
Enrique Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

scholarly journals Burst Detection in Water Distribution Systems: The Issue of Dataset Collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8219
Author(s):  
Andrea Menapace ◽  
Ariele Zanfei ◽  
Manuel Felicetti ◽  
Diego Avesani ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Supply Systems

Developing data-driven models for bursts detection is currently a demanding challenge for efficient and sustainable management of water supply systems. The main limit in the progress of these models lies in the large amount of accurate data required. The aim is to present a methodology for the generation of reliable data, which are fundamental to train anomaly detection models and set alarms. Thus, the results of the proposed methodology is to provide suitable water consumption data. The presented procedure consists of stochastic modelling of water request and hydraulic pipes bursts simulation to yield suitable synthetic time series of flow rates, for instance, inlet flows of district metered areas and small water supply systems. The water request is obtained through the superimposition of different components, such as the daily, the weekly, and the yearly trends jointly with a random normal distributed component based on the consumption mean and variance, and the number of users aggregation. The resulting request is implemented into the hydraulic model of the distribution system, also embedding background leaks and bursts using a pressure-driven approach with both concentrated and distributed demand schemes. This work seeks to close the gap in the field of synthetic generation of drinking water consumption data, by establishing a proper dedicated methodology that aims to support future water smart grids.

The parthenogenetic midge of water supply systems, Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider) (Diptera: Chironomidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Langton ◽  
P. S. Cranston ◽  
P. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Chironomid Midges ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Pharate Adult

AbstractChironomid midges have been known to include parthenogenetic species for over a century. One of these species, Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider), cited under several different names here shown to be junior synonyms, has attained some notoriety as a pest. Its occurrence as a supposedly paedogenetic (actually pharate adult parthenogenetic) inhabitant of water distribution systems is discussed and related to its more usual occurrence in a variety of small water bodies including aquaria. New synonymy is proposed and a lectotype designated.

Improving operational efficiency by interconnecting regional water distribution systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
E. Shin ◽  
H. Park ◽  
T. Ryu ◽  
J. Kim ◽  
K.T. Yum
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Failure Probability ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Regional Water

Since regional water supply systems (RWSS) in Korea are all separated and are tree-shaped networks, the reliability is low and operation is not efficient in an emergency. So connecting RWSS to each other can be a good option to improve the operation efficiency. This study has been initiated to evaluate efficiency looking at a pilot case. Expected shortage has been selected as a surrogate. In this study, we developed pipe failure probability equations which are suitable in Korea by considering material, diameter, year, and length. As a pilot case, the three systems of Jeon-ju (JJ), Bu-an (BA), and Seom-jin (SJ) are selected and we consider two connections: JJ–BA and JJ–SJ. In each connection we develop three alternative plans, and we conclude that connections of JJ–BA and JJ–SJ can improve the operational efficiency as much as 5% and 4%, respectively.

From energy balance to energy efficiency indicators including water losses

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lenzi ◽  
C. Bragalli ◽  
A. Bolognesi ◽  
S. Artina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Systems

The collection and distribution of drinking water resources generally require large quantities of energy, that vary according to factors related to the characteristics of the served area, as well as to design and management choices. Energy intensity indicators (energy per unit of volume) are insufficient to assess the weight of different factors that affect the energy consumption and appear not suitable for the comparison of different water supply systems. The key step of this work is to define a methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of water supply systems. In particular, water losses in water distribution systems, generally assessed in relation to the quantity of high quality water dispersed in the environment, are herein considered in relation to their energy content. In addition to the evaluation of energy balance using the approach proposed by Enrique Cabrera et al. in ‘Energy audit of water networks’ (see J. Water Res. Plan. Manage.136 (6), 669–677) an overall efficiency indicator WSEE (Water Supply Energy Efficiency) is then proposed. Its decomposition finally leads to the definition of further indicators, which may help to assess how the structure of the network, leakage rate and/or pumps affect the energy efficiency of the water system. Such indicators can be used to compare different water supply systems and to identify the impact of individual interventions. The proposed energy analysis was applied to two case studies in Northern Italy.

scholarly journals Pump Efficiency Analysis for Proper Energy Assessment in Optimization of Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli Martin-Candilejo ◽  
David Santillán ◽  
Luis Garrote
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Conservative Values ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply systems need to be designed accounting for both construction and operational costs. When the installation requires water pumping, it is key for the operational costs to know how well the pump can perform. So far, pump efficiency has been considered using conservative values, in the absence of a better estimation. The aim of this paper was to improve determining the energy costs by clarifying what the value of the pump performance should be. For this, 226 commercial pumps were studied, registering the efficiency at the optimum operating point, as well as other variables such as the flow rate, height, and pump type. As a result, a strong relationship between the pump performance and the discharge flow was spotted. That allowed the generation of an empirical curve, which can be used by designers to anticipate what pump efficiency can be expected. The results are used in a simple case study using the Granados Optimization System. These achievements can be implemented in design policies for a better energy assessment in the optimization of water supply systems.

scholarly journals Legionella Species in Year-Round vs. Seasonal Accommodation Water Supply Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rakić ◽  
Jelena Perić ◽  
Nives Štambuk-Giljanović ◽  
Antonija Mikrut ◽  
Ana-Spomenka Bakavić
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

LegionellaSpecies in Year-Roundvs.Seasonal Accommodation Water Supply SystemsThe purpose of this study was to compare the quality of hot water between eleven hotels in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia that are open year round and 10 summer season hotels and retirement homes with irregular use of water. We took 122 samples between May and December 2009. Water temperature and free residual chlorine were measuredin situ.Physical and chemical analysis included pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium that were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while theLegionellaspecies were determined using a cultivation method on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar.Differences in metal concentrations between the seasonal and year-round accommodation facilities were negligible, save for zinc that was higher in year-round (0.341 mg L-1) than in seasonal facilities (0.130 mg L-1).Samples from all year-round and six summer season hotels were negative to theLegionellaspecies, but four seasonal facilities turned up with positive samples toLegionella pneumophila.Our study has demonstrated that water quality differs between year-round and seasonal accommodation facilities. These findings suggest that metal plumbing components and associated corrosion products are important factors in the survival and growth ofLegionellaspecies in water distribution systems.

scholarly journals Legionella spp. in Polish hospitals in 2009–2013 and 2014–2016: An epidemiological analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Iwona Gładysz ◽  
Agnieszka Sikora ◽  
Małgorzata Wójtowicz-Bobin ◽  
Jan Karczewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Pontiac Fever ◽  
Supply Systems

Introduction: Bacteria of the genus Legionella cause Legionnaires’ disease (atypical pneumonia, often with a severe clinical course) and Pontiac fever (self-limiting infection with flu-like symptoms). Legionella spp. are commonly found in natural aquatic environments and artificial water distribution systems. Material&Methods: An epidemiological analysis of Legionella spp. in hospital water supply systems was based on the results obtained from Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations of Poland. The materials for this study were hot water samples collected from 346 hospitals in 2009–2013 and from 221 hospitals in 2014–2016. Results: Between 2014 and 2016, there was a decrease in the percentage of the number of water samples in Group A (<100 CFU/100 ml). In other groups: B (>100 CFU/100 ml), C (>1000 CFU/100 ml), D (>10 000 CFU/100 ml) was observed an increase in the percentage of the number of water samples, which was a negative phenomenon. The mean number of L. pneumophila colonies in analyzed periods 2009–2013 and 2014–2016 were different. In 2009–2013, the most virulent L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (SG 1) was detected in 3 hospitals (0.9%), and L. pneumophila SG 2-14 were isolated in 20 (5.5%). Between 2014 and 2016, L. pneumophila SG 1 and L. pneumophila SG 2-14 were found in 5 hospitals (2.2%) and 18 hospitals (8.1%), respectively. Disscusion: In this study a comparative epidemiological analysis was performed on the prevalence of L. pneumophila in hospital water supply systems in Poland in the following two periods: 2009 –2013 and 2014–2016. The study demonstrated that the water supply systems of Polish hospitals were colonized by L. pneumophila at different levels. However, between 2014 and 2016 an upward trend was observed in comparison with 2009–2013.

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