scholarly journals Consequential Life Cycle Assessment of Swine Manure Management within a Thermal Gasification Scenario

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharara ◽  
Kim ◽  
Sadaka ◽  
Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Consequential Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Manure Slurry ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Sustainable swine manure management is critical to reducing adverse environmental impacts on surrounding ecosystems, particularly in regions of intensive production. Conventional swine manure management practices contribute to agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and aquatic eutrophication. There is a lack of full-scale research of the thermochemical conversion of solid-separated swine manure. This study utilizes a consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) to investigate the environmental impacts of the thermal gasification of swine manure solids as a manure management strategy. CLCA is a modeling tool for a comprehensive estimation of the environmental impacts attributable to a production system. The present study evaluates merely the gasification scenario as it includes manure drying, syngas production, and biochar field application. The assessment revealed that liquid storage of manure had the highest contribution of 57.5% to GHG emissions for the entire proposed manure management scenario. Solid-liquid separation decreased GHG emissions from the manure liquid fraction. Swine manure solids separation, drying, and gasification resulted in a net energy expenditure of 12.3 MJ for each functional unit (treatment of 1 metric ton of manure slurry). Land application of manure slurry mixed with biochar residue could potentially be credited with 5.9 kg CO2-eq in avoided GHG emissions, and 135 MJ of avoided fossil fuel energy. Manure drying had the highest share of fossil fuel energy use. Increasing thermochemical conversion efficiency was shown to decrease overall energy use significantly. Improvements in drying technology efficiency, or the use of solar or waste-heat streams as energy sources, can significantly improve the potential environmental impacts of manure solids gasification.

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve the Energy Performance of Buildings: A Review of Their Life Cycle Impact

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia MIRABELLA ◽  
Martin RÖCK ◽  
Marcella Ruschi Mendes SAADE ◽  
Carolin SPIRINCKX ◽  
Marc BOSMANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Operational Energy

Globally, the building sector is responsible for more than 40% of energy use and it contributes approximately 30% of the global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This high contribution stimulates research and policies to reduce the operational energy use and related GHG emissions of buildings. However, the environmental impacts of buildings can extend wide beyond the operational phase, and the portion of impacts related to the embodied energy of the building becomes relatively more important in low energy buildings. Therefore, the goal of the research is gaining insights into the environmental impacts of various building strategies for energy efficiency requirements compared to the life cycle environmental impacts of the whole building. The goal is to detect and investigate existing trade-offs in current approaches and solutions proposed by the research community. A literature review is driven by six fundamental and specific research questions (RQs), and performed based on two main tasks: (i) selection of literature studies, and (ii) critical analysis of the selected studies in line with the RQs. A final sample of 59 papers and 178 case studies has been collected, and key criteria are systematically analysed in a matrix. The study reveals that the high heterogeneity of the case studies makes it difficult to compare these in a straightforward way, but it allows to provide an overview of current methodological challenges and research gaps. Furthermore, the most complete studies provide valuable insights in the environmental benefits of the identified energy performance strategies over the building life cycle, but also shows the risk of burden shifting if only operational energy use is focused on, or when a limited number of environmental impact categories are assessed.

The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Climate Change in Shanghai

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2388-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Mahjoub Elnimeiri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Annual Average Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

The phenomenon of climate change is becoming a global problem. One of the most important reasons of climate change is the increase in CO2 levels due to emissions from fossil fuel energy use in daily human activities. This research will use the data of the annual average temperature and energy consumption in the past 41 years of Shanghai, the largest city in China, to establish the statistical relationship between climate change and energy consumption. It is found that there is a strong positive relationship between climate change and energy consumption in Shanghai. The phenomenon of climate change could be controlled by reducing excessive energy consumption in people’s daily life. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the reason of such relationship, and provide suggesstions of saving energy and protecting our environment.

An assessment of fossil fuel energy use and CO2 emissions from farm field operations using a regional level crop and land use database for Canada

Energy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 2261-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Dyer ◽  
S.N. Kulshreshtha ◽  
B.G. McConkey ◽  
R.L. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Ethiopian Cement Manufacturing: A Potential Improvement on the Use of Fossil Fuel in Mugher Cement Factory

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Lemma Beressa ◽  
Battula Vijaya Saradhi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Cement Production

The use of imported fuel in the Ethiopian cement industry increased the cost of production and the environmental burden, necessitating intervention. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, energy usage intensity, and resource exploitation of Ethiopian cement production were evaluated using the life cycle impact assessment (LCA) tool, aiming to recommend improvements. The LCA study used cumulative energy demand (CED) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods. For the case study of Mugher cement factory (MCF), the results on energy use intensities showed 3.74, 3.67, and 2.64 GJ/ton of clinker, Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Pozzolana Portland cement (PPC), respectively. The result revealed MCF's energy use intensity was within the global range of 3.32 to 5.11 GJ/ton of cement production using similar kiln technology. The results on the GHG emissions were 0.87, 0.84, and 0.59 tons of CO2-equivalent/ton of clinker, OPC, and PPC, respectively. Process emissions accounted for 60% of overall CO2 emissions, with energy-related emissions accounting for the remaining 40%. CO2 emissions of MCF are below the global limit of 0.9 tons/ton of clinker, where all energy sources are fossil fuels. However, it is higher than the 0.65 ton/ton of clinker from a moderate rotary kiln in China. MCF used 70% of its total energy sources from imported fossil fuels, and transportation of the imported fuel added 1.2% CO2 to total emissions. A suggested fossil fuel use improvement scenario for MCF, where coffee husk replaces 50% of the imported coal improved the energy intensity, GHG emissions, and total cost of coal in clinker production by 1.2%, 14%, 36%, respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts in European Countries

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florinda Martins ◽  
Carlos Felgueiras ◽  
Miroslava Smitkova ◽  
Nídia Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption

The use of fossil fuels as the main source of energy for most countries has caused several negative environmental impacts, such as global warming and air pollution. Air pollution causes many health problems, causing social and economic negative effects. Worldwide efforts are being made to avoid global warming consequences through the establishment of international agreements that then lead to local policies adapted to the development of each signing nation. In addition, there is a depletion of nonrenewable resources which may be scarce or nonexistent in future generations. The preservation of resources, which is a common goal of the Circular Economy strategy and of sustainable development, is not being accomplished nowadays. In this work, the calculation of indicators and mathematical and statistical analysis were applied to clarify and evidence the trends, provide information for the decision-making process, and increase public awareness. The fact that European countries do not possess abundant reserves of fossil fuels will not change, but the results of this analysis can evolve in the future. In this work, fossil fuel energy consumption, fossil fuel depletion, and their relationship with other variables, such as energy dependence and share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption, were analyzed for 29 European countries. Furthermore, it was possible to conclude that many European countries still depend heavily on fossil fuels. Significant differences were not found in what concerns gross inland consumption per capita when the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied. It was possible to estimate that by 2050 (considering Jazz scenario) it will only remain approximately 14% of oil proven reserves, 72% of coal proven reserves and 18% of gas proven reserves. Given the small reserves of European countries on fossil fuels, if they need to use them, they will fast disappear.

scholarly journals Fossil Fuels, GHG Emissions and Clean Energy Development: Asian Giants in a Comparative Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varinder Jain
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Electricity Systems

Focusing on the major Asian economies of China, India and Japan, there is a three-fold objective of this article. First, it aims at ascertaining magnitude of fossil fuel dependence among Asian Giants; second, it tries to trace out consequent environmental impacts; and third, it aims at contrasting performance of Asian Giants in development of various types of clean energy, such as hydro, solar, wind and biomass-based electricity systems. In addition, it also examines nature of trade in climate smart energy technologies and the financing of investment for promoting growth of clean energy.

scholarly journals An energy method for computing the use of fossil fuel energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 859-871
Author(s):  
Timur B. Temukuyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Energy Method ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

An energy method for computing the use of fossil fuel energy has been considered in the article. On the world market, the fuel price depends on supply and demand and involves no energy costs for fuel production. An energy analysis of economic activity was suggested by Charles Hall, an American scientist, who introduced a notion of Energy Returned on Energy Invested, as a ratio between returned and invested energy, into scientific discourse. No account has been taken of invested energy depreciation in this method. All losses are fully incorporated, when the ratio between beneficially used energy in all process flow chains from fuel deposit exploration to energy utilisation, and the considered amount of natural fuel primary energy is taken as the coefficient of beneficial primary energy use (CBPEU). When CBPEU is determined, allowance is made for all potential energy losses; the depreciation degree of energy, contained in the fuel, from its deposit to a consumer, is defined. When energy of renewable sources is utilised, a coefficient of renewable sources energy conversion, defined as the ratio between energy delivered by a power unit throughout the entire operation period, and invested energy taking into account CBPEU over the same period, will represent an objective criterion of power unit efficiency.

scholarly journals BRIDGING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY: THE CONTRIBUTING ROLE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADEKOMAYA OLUDAISI ◽  
ADAMA KAYODE ◽  
OKUBANJO AYODEJI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
Efficient Energy Use

The demand for fossil fuel energy remains high amid challenges as it relates to its sustainability among the developing countries of the world. Nigeria remains one of the top consumption of fossil fuel energy considering the large deposit of hydrocarbon in some parts of the country. This energy has been widely used globally with attendant implication on climate and environmental crisis. In this study, attempts were made to portray the environmental impact of fossil fuel energy with attendant effect on global temperature and rising water level. Global warming, among other effect of climate change is now noticeable in all facet of the universe and key of the methodology employed in this work is to assess the existing mitigating strategy and recommend long-lasting approach as it relates to efficient energy use. Key of the conclusion from this work futures the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) as sustainable energy fuel.

scholarly journals Limitations of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Technologies Set by Rapid Growth and Energy Cannibalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Technical Limitation ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

As the unacceptable results of continued fossil fuel combustion on climate change become ever clearer, a need to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by aggressive energy conservation and immediate transitioning global civilization to alternative energy sources has become evident. Many energy technologies are capable of displacing significant volumes of fossil fuels. Unfortunately, neither the enormous scale of the current fossil fuel energy system nor the necessary growth rate of these technologies is well understood within the limits imposed by the net energy produced for a growing industry. This technical limitation is known as energy cannibalism and refers to an effect where rapid growth of an entire energy producing or energy efficiency industry creates a need for energy that uses (or cannibalizes) the energy of existing power plants or production plants. Thus during rapid growth, the industry as a whole produces no net energy because new energy (or conserved energy) is used to fuel the embodied energy of future power plants or production facilities. Such life cycle analysis is also valid for GHG emissions. All current technologies are dependent to some degree on fossil fuel energy and thus also contribute to emissions. This paper expands earlier work to generalize the GHG emission neutral growth rate limitation imposed by energy cannibalism to any renewable energy technology or any energy efficiency technology. Conclusions and recommendations are made from the analysis to assist decision makers in optimizing deployment of technologies on large scales to reduce GHG emissions to safe levels without overshoot.

scholarly journals BRIDGING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY: THE CONTRIBUTING ROLE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
ADEKOMAYA OLUDAISI ◽  
ADAMA KAYODE ◽  
OKUBANJO AYODEJI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
Efficient Energy Use

The demand for fossil fuel energy remains high amid challenges as it relates to its sustainability among the developing countries of the world. Nigeria remains one of the top consumption of fossil fuel energy considering the large deposit of hydrocarbon in some parts of the country. This energy has been widely used globally with attendant implication on climate and environmental crisis. In this study, attempts were made to portray the environmental impact of fossil fuel energy with attendant effect on global temperature and rising water level. Global warming, among other effect of climate change is now noticeable in all facet of the universe and key of the methodology employed in this work is to assess the existing mitigating strategy and recommend long-lasting approach as it relates to efficient energy use. Key of the conclusion from this work futures the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) as sustainable energy fuel.

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