scholarly journals Challenges of Fast Charging for Electric Vehicles and the Role of Red Phosphorous as Anode Material: Review

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Zonghai Chen ◽  
Xiangming He
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Battery Technology

Electric vehicles (EVs) are being endorsed as the uppermost successor to fuel-powered cars, with timetables for banning the sale of petrol-fueled vehicles announced in many countries. However, the range and charging times of EVs are still considerable concerns. Fast charging could be a solution to consumers’ range anxiety and the acceptance of EVs. Nevertheless, it is a complicated and systematized challenge to realize the fast charging of EVs because it includes the coordinated development of battery cells, including electrode materials, EV battery power systems, charging piles, electric grids, etc. This paper aims to serve as an analysis for the development of fast-charging technology, with a discussion of the current situation, constraints and development direction of EV fast-charging technologies from the macroscale and microscale perspectives of fast-charging challenges. If the problem of fast-charging can be solved, it will satisfy consumers’ demand for 10-min charging and accelerate the development of electric vehicles. This paper summarized the development statuses, issues, and trends of the macro battery technology and micro battery technology. It is emphasized that to essentially solve the problem of fast charging, the development of new battery materials, especially anode materials with improved lithium ion diffusion coefficients, is the key. Finally, it is highlighted that red phosphorus is one of the most promising anodes that can simultaneously satisfy the double standards of high-energy density and fast-charging performance to a maximum degree.

scholarly journals Challenges of Fast Charging for Electric Vehicles and the Role of Red Phosphorus as Anode Material: Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Zonghai Chen ◽  
Xiangming He
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Range Anxiety

Electric vehicles (EVs) are being endorsed as the uppermost successor to fuel-powered cars, with timetables for banning the sale of petrol-fueled vehicles announced in many countries. However, the range and charging times of EVs are still considerable concerns. Fast charging could be a solution to consumers' range anxiety and the acceptance of EVs. Nevertheless, it is a complicated and systematized challenge to realize the fast charging of EVs because it includes the coordinated development of battery cells, including electrode materials, EV battery power systems, charging piles, electric grids, etc. This paper aims to serve as an analysis for the development of fast-charging technology, with a discussion of the current situation, constraints and development direction of EV fast-charging technologies from the macroscale and microscale perspectives of fast-charging challenges. It is emphasized that to essentially solve the problem of fast charging, the development of new battery materials, especially anode materials with improved lithium ion diffusion coefficients, is the key. It is highlighted that red phosphorus is the most promising anode that can simultaneously satisfy the double standards of high-energy density and fast-charging performance to a maximum degree.

scholarly journals Revisiting Olivine Phosphate and Blend Cathodes in Lithium Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujing Bi ◽  
Deyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Olivine Phosphate

As electric vehicle market growing fast, lithium ion batteries demand is increasing rapidly. Sufficient battery materials supplies including cathode, anode, electrolyte, additives, et al. are required accordingly. Although layered cathode is welcome in high energy density batteries, it is challenging to balance the high energy density and safety beside cost. As consequence, olivine phosphate cathode is coming to the stage center again along with battery technology development. It is important and necessary to revisit the olivine phosphate cathode to understand and support the development of electric vehicles utilized lithium ion batteries. In addition, blend cathode is a good strategy to tailor and balance cathode property and performance. In this chapter, blend cathode using olivine phosphate cathode will be discussed as well as olivine phosphate cathode.

scholarly journals Current Li-Ion Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for Advancements

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Miao ◽  
Patrick Hynan ◽  
Annette von Jouanne ◽  
Alexandre Yokochi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
On The Road

Over the past several decades, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has continued to increase. Projections estimate that worldwide, more than 125 million EVs will be on the road by 2030. At the heart of these advanced vehicles is the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery which provides the required energy storage. This paper presents and compares key components of Li-ion batteries and describes associated battery management systems, as well as approaches to improve the overall battery efficiency, capacity, and lifespan. Material and thermal characteristics are identified as critical to battery performance. The positive and negative electrode materials, electrolytes and the physical implementation of Li-ion batteries are discussed. In addition, current research on novel high energy density batteries is presented, as well as opportunities to repurpose and recycle the batteries.

Triggering Phase Transition and Capacity Enhancement of Nb2O5 for Fast-Charging Lithium-ion Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Shen ◽  
Zhongti Sun ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Yuanhua Xia ◽  
Yanyan Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Capacity Enhancement ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Ion Storage

Developing high energy density and high-power density electrode materials is of great importance for lithium-ion batteries to satisfy the requirements of customer market. We report that introducing Mo into Nb2O5...

scholarly journals Future Material Developments for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells Answering Growing Demands from an End-User Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4223
Author(s):  
Annika Ahlberg Tidblad ◽  
Kristina Edström ◽  
Guiomar Hernández ◽  
Iratxe de Meatza ◽  
Imanol Landa-Medrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Special Section ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
End User ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Long Cycle Life ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Electric Vehicle Battery

Nowadays, batteries for electric vehicles are expected to have a high energy density, allow fast charging and maintain long cycle life, while providing affordable traction, and complying with stringent safety and environmental standards. Extensive research on novel materials at cell level is hence needed for the continuous improvement of the batteries coupled towards achieving these requirements. This article firstly delves into future developments in electric vehicles from a technology perspective, and the perspective of changing end-user demands. After these end-user needs are defined, their translation into future battery requirements is described. A detailed review of expected material developments follows, to address these dynamic and changing needs. Developments on anodes, cathodes, electrolyte and cell level will be discussed. Finally, a special section will discuss the safety aspects with these increasing end-user demands and how to overcome these issues.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-enriched graphene framework from a large-scale magnesiothermic conversion of CO2 with synergistic kinetics for high-power lithium-ion capacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xianzhong Sun ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Chemical Doping ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor

AbstractLithium-ion capacitors are envisaged as promising energy-storage devices to simultaneously achieve a large energy density and high-power output at quick charge and discharge rates. However, the mismatched kinetics between capacitive cathodes and faradaic anodes still hinder their practical application for high-power purposes. To tackle this problem, the electron and ion transport of both electrodes should be substantially improved by targeted structural design and controllable chemical doping. Herein, nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks are prepared via a large-scale and ultrafast magnesiothermic combustion synthesis using CO2 and melamine as precursors, which exhibit a crosslinked porous structure, abundant functional groups and high electrical conductivity (10524 S m−1). The material essentially delivers upgraded kinetics due to enhanced ion diffusion and electron transport. Excellent capacities of 1361 mA h g−1 and 827 mA h g−1 can be achieved at current densities of 0.1 A g−1 and 3 A g−1, respectively, demonstrating its outstanding lithium storage performance at both low and high rates. Moreover, the lithium-ion capacitor based on these nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks displays a high energy density of 151 Wh kg−1, and still retains 86 Wh kg−1 even at an ultrahigh power output of 49 kW kg−1. This study reveals an effective pathway to achieve synergistic kinetics in carbon electrode materials for achieving high-power lithium-ion capacitors.

Preventing lithium plating under extremes: an untold tale of two electrodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Bohinsky ◽  
Sobana P. Rangarajan ◽  
Yevgen Barsukov ◽  
Partha Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Range Anxiety

Fast charging of lithium-ion cells is key to alleviate range anxiety and improve the commercial viability of electric vehicles, which is, however, limited by the propensity of lithium plating. The...

High energy density lithium ion batteries using Li2.6Co0.4−xCuxN (anode) and Cu0.04V2O5 (cathode) electrode materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (26) ◽  
pp. 4210-4212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daliang Liu ◽  
Shiying Zhan ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Wencheng Pan ◽  
Chunzhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Cathode Electrode

scholarly journals Building Safe Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Duan ◽  
Xuan Tang ◽  
Haifeng Dai ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Wangyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Safety Features

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with relatively high energy density and power density, have been considered as a vital energy source in our daily life, especially in electric vehicles. However, energy density and safety related to thermal runaways are the main concerns for their further applications. In order to deeply understand the development of high energy density and safe LIBs, we comprehensively review the safety features of LIBs and the failure mechanisms of cathodes, anodes, separators and electrolyte. The corresponding solutions for designing safer components are systematically proposed. Additionally, the in situ or operando techniques, such as microscopy and spectrum analysis, the fiber Bragg grating sensor and the gas sensor, are summarized to monitor the internal conditions of LIBs in real time. The main purpose of this review is to provide some general guidelines for the design of safe and high energy density batteries from the views of both material and cell levels. Graphic Abstract Safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density becomes more and more important in the future for EVs development. The safety issues of the LIBs are complicated, related to both materials and the cell level. To ensure the safety of LIBs, in-depth understanding of the safety features, precise design of the battery materials and real-time monitoring/detection of the cells should be systematically considered. Here, we specifically summarize the safety features of the LIBs from the aspects of their voltage and temperature tolerance, the failure mechanism of the LIB materials and corresponding improved methods. We further review the in situ or operando techniques to real-time monitor the internal conditions of LIBs.

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