scholarly journals Nanostructured Ni Based Anode and Cathode for Alkaline Water Electrolyzers

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ganci ◽  
Tracy Baguet ◽  
Giuseppe Aiello ◽  
Valentino Cusumano ◽  
Philippe Mandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Cobalt Nanowires ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Water Splitting ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process ◽  
Very High

Owing to the progressive abandoning of the fossil fuels and the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration, the use of renewable energies is strongly encouraged. The hydrogen economy provides a very interesting scenario. In fact, hydrogen is a valuable energy carrier and can act as a storage medium as well to balance the discontinuity of the renewable sources. In order to exploit the potential of hydrogen it must be made available in adequate quantities and at an affordable price. Both goals can be potentially achieved through the electrochemical water splitting, which is an environmentally friendly process as well as the electrons and water are the only reagents. However, these devices still require a lot of research to reduce costs and increase efficiency. An approach to improve their performance is based on nanostructured electrodes characterized by high electrocatalytic activity. In this work, we show that by using template electrosynthesis it is possible to fabricate Ni nanowires featuring a very high surface area. In particular, we found that water-alkaline electrolyzers with Ni nanowires electrodes covered by different electrocatalyst have good and stable performance at room temperature as well. Besides, the results concern nickel-cobalt nanowires electrodes for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction will be presented and discussed. Finally, preliminary tests concerning the use of Ni foam differently functionalized will be shown. For each electrode, electrochemical and electrocatalytic tests aimed to establishing the performance of the electrolyzers were carried out. Long term amperostatic test carried out in aqueous solution of KOH will be reported as well.

scholarly journals One-Dimensional (1D) Nanostructured Materials for Energy Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2609
Author(s):  
Abniel Machín ◽  
Kenneth Fontánez ◽  
Juan C. Arango ◽  
Dayna Ortiz ◽  
Jimmy De León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
1D Nanostructures ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Energy Processes

At present, the world is at the peak of production of traditional fossil fuels. Much of the resources that humanity has been consuming (oil, coal, and natural gas) are coming to an end. The human being faces a future that must necessarily go through a paradigm shift, which includes a progressive movement towards increasingly less polluting and energetically viable resources. In this sense, nanotechnology has a transcendental role in this change. For decades, new materials capable of being used in energy processes have been synthesized, which undoubtedly will be the cornerstone of the future development of the planet. In this review, we report on the current progress in the synthesis and use of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured materials (specifically nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanorods), with compositions based on oxides, nitrides, or metals, for applications related to energy. Due to its extraordinary surface–volume relationship, tunable thermal and transport properties, and its high surface area, these 1D nanostructures have become fundamental elements for the development of energy processes. The most relevant 1D nanomaterials, their different synthesis procedures, and useful methods for assembling 1D nanostructures in functional devices will be presented. Applications in relevant topics such as optoelectronic and photochemical devices, hydrogen production, or energy storage, among others, will be discussed. The present review concludes with a forecast on the directions towards which future research could be directed on this class of nanostructured materials.

scholarly journals Measurement of density and wetness in snow using time-domain reflectometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schneebeli ◽  
Cécile Coléou ◽  
François Touvier ◽  
Bernard Lesaffre
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Intense Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Pockets

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is widely used in soil physics to determine water content. Existing equipment and methods ran be adapted to measurements of snow wetness. The main advantages compared to other methods are flexibility in constructing sensors, minimal influence on snow cover during measurements and sensors can be multiplexed. We developed sensors suitable for continuous and non-continuous measurements of snow wetness and density, measured the apparent permittivity in different snow densities and snow types, and compared the measurements to existing mixing formulas for mixtures of snow and air. In dry snow, density was measured from 110 to 470 kg m−3. The residual error is 14 kg m −3 and the 95% confidence interval of our model is 3 kg m−3. To measure snow density and wetness continuously suitable sensors have been constructed. Their small size and high surface area to weight ratio minimizes their movement in the snowpack, except when they are exposed to intense solar radiation. Results show that changes in dry-snow density of less than 5 kgm−3 can be detected. Infiltration of even small amounts of water clearly shows up in the permittivity. At the surface of the snowpack, problems occur due to the formation of air pockets around the sensors during long-term measurements.

HSA-Cercanam®: A New Material with a Continuous Nanopore Network

2003 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akash ◽  
B. Nair ◽  
K. Minnick ◽  
M. Wilson ◽  
J. Hartvigsen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Reaction Chambers ◽  
New Material ◽  
One Step ◽  
Very High ◽  
Functional Ceramic

ABSTRACTA novel nano-ceramic material, called HSA-CERCANAM®, which has a very high surface area with a nanopore network has been developed. HSA-CERCANAM® can be casted in various shapes and forms resulting in a monolithic piece that has surface area as high as 80–100 m2/g. The surface area and the nanopore network of HSA-CERCANAM® remains stable at temperatures as high as 1000°C. Furthermore, the unique nature of HSA-CERCANAM® allows it to be casted on and around features, either sacrificial or permanent. Using sacrificial features, microchannels can be incorporated internally into the monolithic HSA-CERCANAM® piece in a simple, one-step process. Further, this monolithic ceramic component, which has an intrinsically high surface area and a nanopore network, can be infiltrated with a desired catalyst. This could offer clear technological advantages over currently available microreactors. The surface area, porosity, catalyst type and infiltration levels are some of the ways in which tailored microstructures can be realized in components such as mixers, heat exchangers, extractors, filters or reaction chambers thereby leading to highly efficient, multi-functional ceramic micro-devices.

scholarly journals Measurement of density and wetness in snow using time-domain reflectometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schneebeli ◽  
Cécile Coléou ◽  
François Touvier ◽  
Bernard Lesaffre
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Intense Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Pockets

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is widely used in soil physics to determine water content. Existing equipment and methods ran be adapted to measurements of snow wetness. The main advantages compared to other methods are flexibility in constructing sensors, minimal influence on snow cover during measurements and sensors can be multiplexed. We developed sensors suitable for continuous and non-continuous measurements of snow wetness and density, measured the apparent permittivity in different snow densities and snow types, and compared the measurements to existing mixing formulas for mixtures of snow and air. In dry snow, density was measured from 110 to 470 kg m−3. The residual error is 14 kg m −3 and the 95% confidence interval of our model is 3 kg m−3. To measure snow density and wetness continuously suitable sensors have been constructed. Their small size and high surface area to weight ratio minimizes their movement in the snowpack, except when they are exposed to intense solar radiation. Results show that changes in dry-snow density of less than 5 kgm−3 can be detected. Infiltration of even small amounts of water clearly shows up in the permittivity. At the surface of the snowpack, problems occur due to the formation of air pockets around the sensors during long-term measurements.

scholarly journals Linear-Polyethyleneimine-Templated Synthesis of N-Doped Carbon Nanonet Flakes for High-performance Supercapacitor Electrodes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengchao Xia ◽  
Junpeng Quan ◽  
Guodong Wu ◽  
Xinling Liu ◽  
Zongtao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
N2 Atmosphere

Novel N-doped carbon nanonet flakes (NCNFs), consisting of three-dimensional interconnected carbon nanotube and penetrable mesopore channels were synthesized in the assistance of a hybrid catalytic template of silica-coated-linear polyethyleneimine (PEI). Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and melamine were used as precursors for carbon and nitrogen, respectively, which were spontaneously formed on the silica-coated-PEI template and then annealed at 700 °C in a N2 atmosphere to be transformed into the hierarchical 3D N-doped carbon nanonetworks. The obtained NCNFs possess high surface area (946 m2 g−1), uniform pore size (2–5 nm), and excellent electron and ion conductivity, which were quite beneficial for electrochemical double-layered supercapacitors (EDLSs). The supercapacitor synthesized from NCNFs electrodes exhibited both extremely high capacitance (up to 613 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and excellent long-term capacitance retention performance (96% capacitive retention after 20,000 cycles), which established the current processing among the most competitive strategies for the synthesis of high performance supercapacitors.

Adsorption of different dyes from aqueous solution using Si-MCM-41 having very high surface area

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haribandhu Chaudhuri ◽  
Subhajit Dash ◽  
Ashis Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Very High ◽  
Mcm 41

Three-Dimensional Cage Type Mesoporous CN-Based Hybrid Material with Very High Surface Area and Pore Volume

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 4367-4372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajayan Vinu ◽  
Pavuluri Srinivasu ◽  
Dhanashri P. Sawant ◽  
Toshiyuki Mori ◽  
Katsuhiko Ariga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Very High

Three Waves of Disinfectants to Inactivate Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 1498 ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Bashir ◽  
James Dinn ◽  
Jingbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Engineered Surfaces ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
Second Wave

ABSTRACTMetallic silver nanoparticles (NPs) have extensively been used in the treatment of disease and purification and heralded the ‘first wave’ of disinfection science, the ‘second wave’ being the nanocomposite of metal-doped TiO2. Recent advances in engineered surfaces have enabled ultrahigh surface area and rapid sterilization via using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the ‘third wave’ disinfectant. MOFs offer the same advantages as colloids but also have ultra high surface area, long term persistence and ultra low doses, applied for water purification.

Molecular Architecture and its role in Silica Sol-Gel Polymerization

1990 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Cagle ◽  
W. G. Klemperer ◽  
C. A. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTSol-gel polymerization of [Si8O12](OCH3)8 in CH3CN under neutral conditions yields very high surface area (SBET > 900 m2/g) xerogels. This property is seen to result from the structure of the gel on the molecular level. According to N2 adsorption studies, model studies, and TEM studies, the large size and rigidity of the cubic [Si8O12] core structure leads to polymers whose rigidity inhibits extensive crosslinking of the type observed in orthosilicate derived xerogels.

Removal of single component chlorinated hydrocarbon vapor by activated carbon of very high surface area

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Takeuchi ◽  
Mitsuharu Hino ◽  
Yukihiro Yoshimura ◽  
Toshiro Otowa ◽  
Hisatsugu Izuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Very High ◽  
Hydrocarbon Vapor
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