scholarly journals Regulation Performance of Multiple DC Electric Springs Controlled by Distributed Cooperative System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3422
Author(s):  
Daojun Zha ◽  
Qingsong Wang ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Fujin Deng ◽  
Giuseppe Buja
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Critical Load ◽  
Cooperative System ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Energy Storage Unit ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Bus Voltage

DC electric springs (DCESs) have been recently developed to improve the voltage stability of a DC microgrid. A lately proposed DCES topology is comprised of a DC/DC three port converter (TPC), a bi-directional buck-boost converter (BBC) and a battery, and is arranged as follows: The TPC input port is fed by a renewable energy source (RES) whilst the two TPC output ports supply a non-critical load (NCL) and a critical load (CL) separately; in turn, BBC together with the battery constitutes the DCES energy storage unit (ESU) and is connected in parallel to CL. In this paper, a set of DCESs with such a topology and with their CLs connected to a common DC bus is considered. The control of the DCESs is built up around a distributed cooperative system having two control levels, namely primary and secondary, each of them endowed with algorithms committed to specific tasks. The structure of the control levels is explicated and their parameters are designed. The control system is applied to a DCES set taken as a study-case and tested by simulation. The results of the tests show the excellent performance of the control system in both regulating the CL DC bus voltage and keeping the state-of-charge of the battery within predefined limits.

scholarly journals Coordination Control and Energy Management of Standalone Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Kandari ◽  
◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Coordination Control ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Bus Voltage

An efficient energy management scheme for a standalone hybrid AC/DC microgrid (HMG) has been proposed in this paper. Energy management in a microgrid is a challenging task, because of the involvement of the distributed energy resources (DERs) which are intermittent in nature. The microgrid may therefore, undergo mismatch in demand and supply, when either the generation or load varies. This mismatch in power may result into DC bus voltage deviations and sometimes these deviations may be out of the permissible limits. A coordination control-based strategy (CCS) for DC bus voltage deviation mitigation and efficient energy management of the standalone microgrid is investigated here. The CCS is tested with the help of simulation studies on a test hybrid AC/DC microgrid in MATLAB covering all the scenarios which may arise. The test microgrid consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV) generation, a secondary source of generation, PEM fuel cell, a battery and a super capacitor. Coordination between the various sub-units and energy management of hybrid AC/DC microgrid is done using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) and the DC bus voltage deviations are also compared with PI based control system. It is found that the system with FLC has better performance than PI based control system.

scholarly journals Research on Bus Voltage of DC Microgrid Containing Hybrid Energy Storage System

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Feiyue Feng ◽  
Changchun Chi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Storage Unit ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
Bus Voltage

In order to suppress the busbar voltage fluctuations in the DC microgrid, this paper establishes an optical storage DC microgrid system with a hybrid energy storage system to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the DC bus voltage. This system focuses on the component hybrid energy storage unit, and uses the structure of three batteries and supercapacitors (SC) in parallel to improve the stability of the system, while ensuring the frequency division distribution between devices.

scholarly journals Impact of Information and Communication Technology Limitations on Microgrid Operation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Saleh ◽  
Yusef Esa ◽  
Mohamed El Hariri ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides an extensive review of the conducted research regarding various microgrids (MGs) control techniques and the impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) degradation on MGs performance and control. Additionally, this paper sheds the light on the research gaps and challenges that are to be explored regarding ICT intrinsic-limitations impact on MGs operations and enhancing MGs control. Based on this assessment, it offers future prospects regarding the impact of ICT latencies on MGs and, consequently, on the smart grid. Finally, this paper introduces a case study to show the significance and examine the effect of wireless communication technologies latency on the converters and the DC bus voltage of a centralized controlled DC MG. A DC microgrid with its communication-based control scheme was modeled to achieve this goal. The MATLAB simulation results show that the latency impact may be severe on the converter switches and the DC bus voltage. Additionally, the results show that the latency impact varies depending on the design of the MG and its operational conditions before the latency occurs.

Application of SCES in Improving Dynamic Response of DC Microgrid Bus Voltage

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Yuan Sheng Xiong ◽  
Jian Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Supercapacitor Energy Storage ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

To improve the stability of DC bus voltage in DC microgrid, and reduce the impact on microgrid equipments by the DC bus voltage fluctuations, a supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) is designed to connect to the DC bus by the bi-directional converter. The controller is designed by the feedforward control and proportional method with the deadband. The great load disturbance is simulated in PSIM software when the DC microgrid operates in the grid-connected rectification mode. The simulation results show that SCES under the proposed control strategy can reduce the fluctuation range of the DC bus voltage in a wide range of load disturbances, and the dynamic response performance of DC bus voltage is improved.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a Fuzzy Control System for a Lead-Acid Battery Bank Connected to a DC Microgrid

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Martínez ◽  
José Alfredo Padilla-Medina ◽  
Sergio Cano-Andrade ◽  
Agustín Sancen ◽  
Juan Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Fuzzy Control System ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Lead Acid

This study presents the development and application of a fuzzy control system (FCS) for the control of the charge and discharge process for a bank of batteries connected to a DC microgrid (DC-MG). The DC-MG runs on a maximum power of 1 kW with a 190 V DC bus using two photovoltaic systems of 0.6 kW each, a 1 kW bidirectional DC-AC converter to interconnect the DC-MG with the grid, a bank of 115 Ah to 120 V lead-acid batteries, and a general management system used to define the operating status of the FCS. This FCS uses a multiplexed fuzzy controller, normalizing the controller’s inputs and outputs in each operating status. The design of the fuzzy controller is based on a Mamdani inference system with AND-type fuzzy rules. The input and output variables have two trapezoidal membership functions and three triangular membership functions. LabVIEW and the NI myRIO-1900 embedded design device were used to implement the FCS. Results show the stability of the DC bus of the microgrid when the bank of batteries is in the charging and discharging process, with the bus stabilized in a range of 190 V ± 5%, thus demonstrating short response times to perturbations considering the microgrid’s response dynamics.

scholarly journals Adaptive Control of Fuel Cell Converter Based on a New Hamiltonian Energy Function for Stabilizing the DC Bus in DC Microgrid Applications

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phatiphat Thounthong ◽  
Pongsiri Mungporn ◽  
Serge Pierfederici ◽  
Damien Guilbert ◽  
Nicu Bizon
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Function ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
Multi Phase

DC microgrid applications include electric vehicle systems, shipboard power systems, and More Electric Aircraft (MEA), which produce power at a low voltage level. Rapid developments in hydrogen fuel cell (FC) energy have extended the applications of multi-phase parallel interleaved step-up converters in stabilizing DC bus voltage. The cascade architecture of power converters in DC microgrids may lead to large oscillation and even risks of instability given that the load converters considered as loads feature constant power load (CPL) characteristics. In this article, the output DC bus voltage stabilization and the current sharing of a multi-phase parallel interleaved FC boost converter is presented. The extended Port-Hamiltonian (pH) form has been proposed with the robust controller by adding an integrator action based on the Lyapunov−Energy function, named “Adaptive Hamiltonian PI controller”. The stability and robustness of the designed controller have been estimated by using Mathematica and Matlab/Simulink environments and successfully authenticated by performing experimental results in the laboratory. The results have been obtained using a 2.5 kW prototype FC converter (by two-phase parallel interleaved boost converters) with a dSPACE MicroLabBox platform. The FC main source system is based on a fuel reformer engine that transforms fuel methanol and water into hydrogen gas H2 to a polymer electrolyte membrane FC stack (50 V, 2.5 kW).

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