scholarly journals Changes in the Structure of Electricity Generation in Poland in View of the EU Climate Package

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gawlik ◽  
Mokrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Power Base ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
Country Competitiveness ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
The Impact

The fuel mix of electricity generation in Poland is currently based predominantly on solid fuels. In addition, the generation power base is outdated. Many of the generating units are inefficient, uneconomic, and do not comply ecological standards, so they should be withdrawn from use in the near future. Poland, which consumes approximately 170 TWh of electricity, needs to determine the direction of the further development of the energy sector. The concepts of covering domestic demand for electricity were outlined by the government in the draft Energy Policy of Poland until 2040, where it was pointed out that the most important pillars of the Energy Policy should be the following: The energy security of the country, competitiveness, and the improvement of the energy efficiency of the economy, as well as limiting the impact on the environment. The article presents the current state of the Polish power sector and the directional changes planned by the government in the area of new capacities for the power industry. The authors present a critical evaluation of this document indicating the opportunities and threats in the area of its implementation. In contrast to many European countries, the Polish government is not considering coal phase-out.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Honcharenko ◽  
Nataliia Dudchenko
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Impact

The current state, opportunities and prospects of development of the insurance services market in Ukraine are reviewed in the article. Various factors and objective circumstances influence on the development of the world and national insurance services markets. The priority feature of the national and world economy development during recent years is the globalization of financial institutions. The capitals’ movement is the substantial basis of integration and globalization processes. The insurance market is an integral part of the national financial market, so it primarily affected by globalization. This market reacts almost instantly to dynamic processes in the global economic environment and reflects the main trends that determine the formation of modern insurance space. Current crisis differs from the previous one by the significant restrictions for free movement due to the pandemic. The aim of the study is to estimate the most necessary adaptive and transformational changes for insurance companies to ensure their functioning in Ukraine taking in account factors caused by the pandemic. The domestic insurance market has many negative challenges. The issue of quarantine imminent consequences and it affection on the participants of the insurance market is equally important. The limitations and restrictions for the free movement is the main feature of crisis under the pandemic. The impact of external and internal factors on insurance market activity in Ukraine analyzed. The decreasing of the number of insurance companies through objectively-direct consequences of pandemic determined. The set of the medical insurance programs aimed at the case of COVID -19 that offered by Ukrainian insurance companies reviewed. Results of the operating insurance programs estimated. The legislative changes in the insurance sphere caused by a pandemic analyzed. All necessary measures for defense and support people in pandemic implemented by the government. The current and potential threats & possibilities that allow to save and fix insurance companies positions at the insurance services market grounded.

scholarly journals Renewable electricity in Western Balkans: Support policies and current state

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2281-2296
Author(s):  
Nikola Rakic ◽  
Dusan Gordic ◽  
Vanja Sustersic ◽  
Mladen Josijevic ◽  
Milun Babic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
The Impact

The use of renewable energy sources for electricity generation in the Western Balkan countries is analyzed in this review paper. Since those countries are part of EU or intend to be, data for Western Balkan are also compared with data for EU-28. The first part of the paper presents a brief overview of main promotion mechanism for electricity generation from renewable energy sources. As a dominant support policy, the feed-in tariff is more elaborated as an incentive measure and a de?tailed overview of the amount of tariffs and quotas for dominant technologies in the Western Balkan countries is presented. Furthermore, the current state of installed capacities and annual productions of three particular renewable electricity technologies (small hydro power, wind power, and solar photovoltaic) are analyzed in detailes. Based on presented data, there is a discussion and consideration of the impact of incentive measures on the electricity market and power production from renewable sources.

scholarly journals Educational Reforms and Language Planning Quandary in Algeria: An Illustration with Arabization

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Ikhlas Gherzouli
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Language Planning And Policy ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
The Impact

Summary The paper aims to present a critical review of language policy development in Algeria since its independence (1962) to present time. It takes the policy of Arabization, an important turning point in Algerian history that was troubled with serious problems, as an example of language planning in the country. Data was gathered from policy documents, laws, and newspaper articles. It was then coded into themes before it was analysed employing a documentary research method. To provide a methodical discussion, the first part of the paper explores language policy and planning in Algeria. The second part discusses the impact of Arabization on the country’s current state of policy development in light of the debates over the national educational reforms of 2003. The third part highlights the quandary that language planners face during the processes of language planning and policy making. Lastly, the paper concludes with an evaluation of the process of language policy development in the country. The paper argues that in order to foster sustainable multilingualism and achieve effective educational reforms, a keener recognition of Algerian linguistic diversity by the government is imperative.

E-Government and Social Media: The Impact on Accessibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Christian Sonnenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Section 508 ◽  
Usable Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Accessibility Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Impact

Social media is a valuable tool, providing a means of instruction, communication, and collaboration to many organizations including the government institutions that citizens rely upon. However, while important for distributing information, social media has not historically prioritized accessibility. The federal government has a duty to provide fair and usable information access for those with disabilities, but the delineation between where this responsibility lies becomes blurred when third-party platforms like social media are utilized. The extent to which social media pervades government sites and causes accessibility issues is one that is not well understood. This article presents an overview of the current state of affairs for Section 508, the implications it has for social media, and a study to evaluate the potential impact it has on all users.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Poland’s Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8165
Author(s):  
Sylwia Mrozowska ◽  
Jan A. Wendt ◽  
Krzysztof Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
System Method ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polish Government

The ongoing climate changes necessitate an effective climate policy. The energy transition is now an important topic and problem, especially in Poland. (1) The undertaken analysis of the problem of energy transition is important for political, social and technological reasons. Political, because it shows the weakness of the implementation of Polish energy policy in regards to climate change. Social, because energy transition will bring about significant social changes in the largest industrial region of Poland. Technological, as the departure from fossil fuels requires the introduction of other sources of energy on a massive scale, for which Poland is not prepared. The aim of the study was to critically analyse the activities to date in the field of energy transition in Poland. The second goal of the analysis was an attempt to answer the question of whether the process of energy transition and achieving the goals set in the EU’s European Green Deal are possible at all until 2050. (2) To achieve the goals, the system method and the decision-making method were primarily used. These methods allowed for an examination of the main determinants of the Polish energy transformation. (3) The main results include the confirmation, contrary to the announcements of the Polish government, that despite the adoption in Poland of the strategy “Poland’s energy policy until 2040”, the effective implementation of the energy transition before 2050 is not only very difficult, but may even be impossible to implement in the assumed time. This is due to political, economic, social and technological conditions. Coal energy is outdated, expensive and ineffective. Due to natural conditions, wind energy is not able to meet the energy demand of the industry. The development of nuclear energy is only in the planning phase. (4) To sum up, in the next thirty years, Poland will not be able to achieve the assumed effects of the energy transition, which is in contradiction with the official declaration of the government.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of Innovation Activities in Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (94) ◽  
pp. 398-435
Author(s):  
Justin Brunelle ◽  
Daniel Frisk ◽  
Benjamin Mayer ◽  
Paula Randall ◽  
Awais Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Outcome Metrics ◽  
Government Innovation

As the government increasingly allocates resources to innovation, questions arise as to how innovation organizations measure their performance, and ultimately their effectiveness, in supporting government missions. Innovation organizations are expected to demonstrate their impact. Researchers from the MITRE Corporation assessed how government focused innovation organizations advance innovation and evaluate their results. The research team collected information from a total of 39 government innovation organizations to understand their roles, activities, and measures of success. This article presents MITRE’s findings on the current state of pursuing and measuring innovation in government, as well as recommendations for metrics based on the different types of innovation organizations. MITRE recommends that innovation organizations focus on identifying and collecting outcome metrics that are critical to aligning innovation activities and products with government missions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Government Subsidy on Renewable Microgrid Investment Considering Double Externalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Xu ◽  
Yong Long
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
System Optimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
The Impact

Since microgrids require public support to make economic sense, governments regularly subsidize renewable microgrids to increase their renewable energy market penetration. In this study, we investigated the optimal subsidy level for governments to correct the market failure of microgrids and analyzed the impacts of regulation on the interaction between a microgrid and a distribution network operator (DNO). Specifically, we proposed economic rationales for government subsidies for microgrids regarding public interest benefits in relation to double externalities (learning spillover effect and environmental externality). We incorporated the double externalities into a three-echelon game model in an electricity supply chain with one regulator, one microgrid, and one DNO, in which the regulator decides the subsidy level to achieve maximal social welfare. We found that the double externalities and double marginalization caused underinvestment in microgrid capacity in the scenario without government intervention. The government could choose the appropriate subsidy level to achieve the system optimum, which led to a triple win for the microgrid, the DNO, and the social planner. Our analytical results also showed that the microgrid gained more benefits from regulation than the DNO. The microgrid may offer a negative wholesale price to the DNO in exchange for more opportunities to import electricity into the grid, especially when the investment cost is sufficiently low. Our study suggests that supporting microgrids requires a subsidy phase-out mechanism and alternative market-oriented policies with the development of the microgrid industry.

scholarly journals Analytical estimation of the external market of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analytical Estimation ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

At the beginning of the third millennium in the conditions of rapid globalization a key value was purchased by foreign economic activity (FEA), as one of important macroeconomic factors of development of modern economy. The benefits of this activity were recognized long ago. The subject of research of this article are the main principles and trends in the development of foreign trade commodity flows of the Ukraine in coordination with its macroeconomic situation and world market conditions. The aim is to analyse the principles of the current state of foreign trade, as well as the methods of its regulation and the impact of export-import operations on GDP and the ways of forming foreign trade profits. The task is to research the efficiency of foreign trade market which is determined by the results of foreign trade balance. To provide the higher level of reliable accounting of the Ukrainian export - import data. Analytical necessity of territorial connections which depend on different the requirememts of the state. Estimation on different levels of country’s competitiveness is being used. General scientific methods and all methodological palette of statistical indexes are being used. The obtained results provide legislative and executive state bodies with important statistics data aboyt Ukrainian foreign trade and enable the government to take proper decisions and to control the market of the Ukraine. Conclusions: recommendations for further development of foreign economic activities, the development of politics of the Ukraine and international organizations, and also the analytical estimation of current trends on world markets.

Long term airborne lead pollution monitoring in Bandung, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhayatun Santoso ◽  
Diah Dwiana Lestiani ◽  
Syukria Kurniawati ◽  
A. Markwitz ◽  
W. J. Trompetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Leaded Gasoline ◽  
Filter Unit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Airborne Lead

Lead poisoning is one of the environmental problems affecting human health. In Indonesia, leaded gasoline was completely phased out since July 2006. As part of an air pollution study, Pb monitoring was carried out from 2005 to 2012 in Bandung to assess the impact of the use of unleaded gasoline on the Pb level in the ambient air in Indonesia. Airborne particulate samples were collected using a Gent stacked filter unit sampler in two size fractions of [Formula: see text] (fine) and 2.5 to [Formula: see text] (coarse). Black carbon (BC) was determined by reflectance and elemental analysis was performed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The results showed that the annual averages of lead concentrations in the fine particulate matter in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 were 44.53, 27.06, 22.21, 17.75, 17.21, 16.24, 19.25 and 12.69 [Formula: see text], respectively. The airborne lead concentrations showed a declining trend over the years after implementation of the government policy of phasing out leaded gasoline. After six years of monitoring, the lead concentration in PM2.5 was decreased by over 70% compared to samples collected before July 2006. The average of PM mass, BC and elemental concentrations are also presented and discussed. The significant decrease of Pb concentration in the ambient air of Bandung is a great success story of the phase out of leaded gasoline in Indonesia.

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