scholarly journals Influence of Combustion Characteristics and Fuel Composition on Exhaust PAHs in a Compression Ignition Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamisu Adamu Dandajeh ◽  
Midhat Talibi ◽  
Nicos Ladommatos ◽  
Paul Hellier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Methyl Decanoate

This paper reports an experimental investigation into the effects of fuel composition on the exhaust emission of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a diesel engine, operated at both constant fuel injection and constant fuel ignition modes. The paper quantifies the US EPA (United State Environmental Protection Agency) 16 priority PAHs produced from combustion of fossil diesel fuel and several model fuel blends of n-heptane, toluene and methyl decanoate in a single-cylinder diesel research engine based on a commercial light duty automotive engine. It was found that the level of total PAHs emitted by the various fuel blends decreased with increasing fuel ignition delay and premixed burn fraction, however, where the ignition delay of a fuel blend was decreased with use of an ignition improving additive the level of particulate phase PAH also decreased. Increasing the level of toluene present in the fuel blends decreased levels of low toxicity of two to four ring PAH, while displacing n-heptane with methyl decanoate increased particulate phase adsorbed PAH. Overall, the composition of the fuels investigated was found to have more influence on the concentration of exhaust PAHs formed than that of combustion characteristics, including ignition delay, peak heat release rate and the extent of the premixed burn fractions.

scholarly journals Combustion characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with rapeseed oil–diesel fuel–n-butanol blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jakub Čedík ◽  
Martin Pexa ◽  
Bohuslav Peterka ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Michal Holubek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends

Liquid biofuels for compression ignition engines are often based on vegetable oils. In order to be used in compression ignition engine the vegetable oils have to be processed because of their high viscosity or it is also possible to use vegetable oils in fuel blends. In order to decrease the viscosity of the fuel blends containing crude vegetable oil the alcohol-based fuel admixtures can be used. The paper describes the effect of rapeseed oil–diesel fuel–n-butanol blends on combustion characteristics and solid particles production of turbocharged compression ignition engine. The 10% and 20% concentrations of n-butanol in the fuel blend were measured and analysed. The engine Zetor 1204, located in tractor Zetor Forterra 8641 with the power of 60kW and direct injection was used for the measurement. The engine was loaded through power take off shaft of the tractor using mobile dynamometer MAHA ZW500. The measurement was carried out in stabilized conditions at 20%, 60% and 100% engine load. The engine speed was kept at 1950 rpm. Tested fuel blends showed lower production of solid particles than diesel fuel and lower peak cylinder pressure and with increasing concentration of n-butanol in the fuel blend the ignition delay was prolonged and premixed phase of combustion was increased.

Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Oxygenated Jojoba Biodiesel-Diesel Blends in Direct Injection CI Engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hariram ◽  
V. Udhayakumar ◽  
P. Karthick ◽  
A.Abraham Eben Andrews ◽  
A. Arunraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Ci Engines

Scarcity and inflated cost of petroleum reserves along with environmental pollution concerns urged the researchers to identify a better alternative source of eco-friendly bio-energy. In this study, oxygenated biodiesel derived from Jojoba oil was used in a compression ignition engine to analyse the engine characteristics in the presence of multi-walled carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) at 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm concentrations. Taguchi’s approach based experimentation identified the stability of modified fuel blends ratios of n-butanol, biodiesel and MWCNT. The Jojoba biodiesel was characterized using FTIR and GC MS techniques to understand the presence of fatty acid methyl esters in the biodiesel. Higher brake thermal efficiency and significant reduction in specific fuel consumption were observed in fuel blend with MWCNT. D70JJBD20O10CNT100 showed higher in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate due to micro-explosion of carbon nanotubes at full load condition. The ignition delay was also significantly affected with the addition of MWCNT. The exhaust emission like un-burned hydrocarbon, oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke exhibited noticeable variations with the modified fuel blends.

An Ignition Delay Study of Category A and C Aviation Fuel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungwook Min ◽  
Daniel Valco ◽  
Anna Oldani ◽  
Tonghun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Pressure Trace

Ignition delay of category A and C alternative aviation fuels have been investigated using a rapid compression machine (RCM). Newly introduced alternative jet fuels are not yet comprehensively understood in their combustion characteristics. Two of the category C fuels that will be primarily investigated in this study are Amyris Farnesane and Gevo Jet Fuel Blend. Amyris direct sugar to hydrocarbon (DSHC) fuel (POSF 10370) come from direct fermentation of bio feedstock sugar. Amyris DSHC is mainly composed of 2,6,10-trymethly dodecane, or farnesane. Gevo jet blend stock fuel is alcohol to jet (ATJ) fuel (POSF 10262) produced from bio derived butanol. Gevo jet blend stock is composed with iso-dodecane and iso-cetane, and has significantly low derived cetane number of 15. The experimental results are compared to combustion characteristics of conventional jet A fuels, including JP-8. Ignition delay, the important factor of auto ignition characteristic, is evaluated from pressure trace measured from the RCM at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The measurements are made at compressed pressure 20bar, intermediate and low compressed temperature, and equivalence ratio of unity and below. Direct test chamber charge method is used due to its reliable reproducibility of results. Compared to category A fuels, different combustion characteristics has been observed from category C fuels due to their irregular chemical composition.

scholarly journals Effect of Bio-CNG Flow Rate on Modified Diesel Engine Run with Dual Fuel

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Manjunath Channappagoudra ◽  
K Ramesh ◽  
Manavendra G
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Piston Bowl

In the first phase of investigation standard engine (SE) parameters are modified and optimized as Injector opening pressure (IOP) of 230 bar, Injection timing (IT) of 26.deg.bTDC, Compression ratio (CR) of 18, Nozzle hole (NH) of 5 hole and Piston bowl geometry (PBG) of Re-entrant toroidal piston bowl geometry (RTPBG)) when engine is operated with B20 (20% dairy scum biodiesel+80% diesel) fuel blend sole. The modified engine with these optimized parameters has shown improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) when compared to standard engine operated with B20 (B20-SE), which could be attributed to improved fuel atomization, reduction of fuel droplet size, increased cylinder temperature, enhanced swirl and squish in the modified engine. In second phase of investigation, dual fuel (B20+Bio-CNG) experiments are conducted on modified engine to examine the effect Bio-CNG (enriched biogas/methane) flow rates such as 0.12, 0.24, 0.36, 0.48, 0.60 and 0.72 kg/hr on modified engine performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics. Then dual fuel experimental results are compared with neat diesel and B20 fuel operations. The dual fueled engine with all Bio-CNG flow rates has resulted lower performance and combustion characteristics with increased emissions (HC and CO) when compared to single fuel (B20) operated engine. From dual operation, it concludes that 0.48 kg/hr Bio-CNG flow rate has experienced the smooth running and improved performance, emission and combustion characteristics among all other Bio-CNG flow rates, hence 0.48 kg/hr Bio-CNG flow rate is optimized.  

scholarly journals Certain investigation in a compression ignition engine using rice bran methyl ester fuel blends with ethanol additive

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arumugam Krishnan ◽  
Maran Punnaivanam ◽  
Satheeshkumar Koodalingam
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Hc Emissions

In this study and analysis, the physical properties such as calorific value, viscosity, flash, and fire point temperatures of rice bran oil methyl ester were found. The rice bran oil biodiesel has been prepared by transesterification process from pure rice bran oil in the presence of methanol and NaOH. Moreover, property enhancement of rice bran oil methyl ester was also made by adding different additives such as ethanol in various proportions. Rice bran oil methyl ester with 1, 3, and 5% ethanol were analyzed for its fuel properties. The effects of diesel-B20ROME blends with ethanol additive of 1, 3, and 5% on a compression ignition engine were examined considering its emissions. It is found that the increase in biodiesel concentration in the fuel blend influences CO2 and NOx emissions. On the other hand CO and HC emissions are reduced. It is interesting to observe the emission as ethanol-B20ROME blends, reduces CO2 and NOx which are the major contributors to global warming. As the NOx and CO2 can be reduced drastically by the proposed blends, the global warming can be reduced considerably.

Design and Validation of a Reduced Test Matrix for the Autoignition of Gas Turbine Fuel Blends

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap de Vries ◽  
Eric L. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Test Matrix ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Burner Design ◽  
And Performance

Changes in fuel composition for both aero-engine as well as power generation applications is a topic of concern since fuel variability can have a great impact on the reliability and performance of the burner design. Autoignition experiments for a wide range of likely fuel blends containing CH4 mixed with combinations of C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12, and H2 are planned in the authors’ shock-tube laboratory. However, testing every possible fuel blend and interaction is not feasible within a reasonable time and cost. To predict the surface response over the complete mixture domain, a special experimental design has been developed reducing the amount of ‘trials’ needed significantly from 243 to only 41 using the Box-Behnkin factorial design methodology. Kinetics modeling was used to obtain numerical results for this matrix of fuel blends when applied to autoignition at a temperature of 800 K and pressure of 17 atm. A further attempt was made to reduce the 41-test matrix to a 21-test matrix. This was done using special mixture experimental techniques, and the kinetics model was used to compare the smaller matrix to the expected results of the larger one. The new 21-Test matrix produced a numerical correlation that agreed well with the results from the 41-test matrix, indicating that the smaller matrix will provide the same autoignition information as the larger one with acceptable precision.

Performance and Exhaust Emission Studies of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled With Waste Chicken Oil Methyl Ester (WCOME)-Diesel Fuel Blends

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ozcanli ◽  
Kadir Aydin ◽  
Ali Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Emission Studies

Performance and exhaust emission studies of Waste Chicken Oil Methyl Ester (WCOME)-diesel fuel blends has been presented in this paper. The production of biodiesel from waste chicken oil was carried out via transesterification method. Blending ratios were preferred as 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 25% (B25) and 50% (B50) respectively. Performance and emission studies were carried out in a commercial diesel engine. The performance results reveal that blends of WCOME with diesel fuel provide increase on the brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and decrease on the brake power output proportional to the reduction in the heating value of blends. As a result, while the carbon monoxide (CO) and the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were reduced, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were stated higher compared with the diesel fuel emission characteristics.

Effects of branch structure of alkylbenzenes on spray auto-ignition of n-decane and alkylbenzenes blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaozong Duan ◽  
Wang Liu ◽  
Xin Liang ◽  
Dong Han
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Ignition Characteristics ◽  
Ignition Propensity

Spray auto-ignition characteristics of the blends of n-decane and several alkylbenzenes were carried out on a heated constant-volume spray combustion chamber. The derived cetane numbers of the fuel blends were determined, and the temperature-dependent ignition delay times and combustion durations were measured across a range of temperatures from 808 to 911 K. The results reveal that blending alkylbenzene to n-decane inhibits fuel spray auto-ignition propensity. For mono-alkylbenzenes, the fuel blend containing toluene has a higher derived cetane number than those with ethylbenzene and n-propylbenzene, but has a lower derived cetane number than the fuel blend containing n-butylbenzene. For those binary fuels containing ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene and n-butylbenzene, their derived cetane numbers increase with the side alkyl chain length. The derived cetane numbers of the fuel blends with C8H10 isomers follow the trend of n-decane/ o-xylene >  n-decane/ethylbenzene >  n-decane/ m-xylene ∼ n-decane/ p-xylene, given the alkylbenzene blending fraction. For the blends with C9H12 isomers, those containing 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene have the highest and lowest derived cetane numbers, respectively, while the fuel blends containing 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene and i-propylbenzene have comparatively intermediate derived cetane numbers. The blending effects of alkylbenzenes on ignition delay time are consistent with the observation on fuel derived cetane numbers. Both the number and proximity of substituted methyl groups significantly affect fuel auto-ignition propensity, and the adjacent methyl groups could increase the auto-ignition propensity. The combustion duration for the test fuels, except for n-decane and the n-decane/ n-butylbenzene blend, monotonically decreases with increased temperature. The non-monotonic dependence of combustion duration on temperature, for neat n-decane and the n-decane/ n-butylbenzene blend, may result from the increased diffusive burnt fraction. Finally, the comparison between gas-phase and spray auto-ignition reactivity of the test fuels highlights the contribution of both fuel physics and chemistry in spray auto-ignition.

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