scholarly journals Cost–Benefit Analysis of Rooftop PV Systems on Utilities and Ratepayers in Thailand

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aksornchan Chaianong ◽  
Athikom Bangviwat ◽  
Christoph Menke ◽  
Naïm R. Darghouth
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
Electricity Tariff

Driven by falling photovoltaic (PV) installation costs and potential support policies, rooftop PV is expected to expand rapidly in Thailand. As a result, the relevant stakeholders, especially utilities, have concerns about the net economic impacts of high PV adoption. Using a cost–benefit analysis, this study quantifies the net economic impacts of rooftop PV systems on three utilities and on ratepayers in Thailand by applying nine different PV adoption scenarios with various buyback rates and annual percentages of PV cost reduction. Under Thailand’s current electricity tariff structure, Thai utilities are well-protected and able to pass all costs due to PV onto the ratepayers in terms of changes in retail rates. We find that when PV adoption is low, the net economic impacts on both the utilities and retail rates are small and the impacts on each utility depend on its specific characteristics. On the other hand, when PV adoption ranges from 9–14% in energy basis, five-year retail rate impacts become noticeable and are between 6% and 11% as compared to the projected retail rates in 2036 depending on the PV adoption level. Thus, it is necessary for Thailand to make tradeoffs among the stakeholders and maximize the benefits of rooftop PV adoption.

Problems of decision making for a sustainable development

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Lake Region ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Overall Performance

Current environmental policy guidelines are mainly based on cost-benefit analysis and concerned with the restriction of emissions. Sustainable development, on the other hand, is focusing on determining the optimal strategy for the overall performance of both the environment and the socio-economic system. This paper highlights some of the basic problems when developing strategies with the above aim in mind. The implications for decision making are investigated by means of a fictitious model of the economical and environmental interactions in a lake region.

scholarly journals Study of Indonesia’s Solar Energy Implementation Using Identification of Potency, Policies, and Cost-Benefit Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Mochammad Donny Anggoro ◽  
Diana Siregar ◽  
Regina Ninggar ◽  
Satriyo Wicaksono ◽  
Soo Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity

The solar PV systems are semiconductor devices that precisely convert sunlight into electricity, through the transfer of electrons. They provide several advantages, such as high modularity, zero noise, and adequate availability of solar resources in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to determine the potency, policy perspective, and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the solar energy implementation for electricity generation. A statistical analysis was used for measuring potency, as well as reviewing opportunistic policies and barriers. A review of some CBA-based journals was also carried out, to determine that the development of solar power electricity had more benefit than fossil fuels and LCOE (Levelized Cost Of Electricity). The results of the 10-days average value calculation in 2019 were 388-563 W/m2, with the maximum values at 1137-1604 W/m2. Meanwhile the analysis of the maximum hourly averages for Western, Central, and Eastern Indonesia were 570-719, 634-758, and 559-627 W/m2 at 11.00-12.00 WIB, 11.00-13.00 WITA, and 12.00-13.00 WIT, respectively. The potency of solar radiation intensity in Indonesia was averagely 150-750 W/m2, as the highest values were found in East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Merauke.

scholarly journals Beyond Search Costs: The Linguistic and Trust Functions of Trademarks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Trademark Law ◽  
Goods And Services

Modern trademark scholarship and jurisprudence view trademark law as an institution aimed at improving the amount and quality of information available in the marketplace by reducing search costs. By providing a concise and unequivocal identifier of the particular source of particular goods, trademarks facilitate the exchange between buyers and sellers, and provide producers with an incentive to maintain their goods and services at defined and persistent qualities.Working within this paradigm, this Article highlights that reducing search costs and providing incentives to maintain quality are related yet distinct functions and shows that recognizing their distinct nature enriches our understanding of trademark law. The Article first develops a distinction between two functions of trademarks: a linguistic and a trust functions. Then, the Article demonstrates how the distinction provides a matrix for evaluating the normative strength of various trademark rules and doctrines. Under this matrix, rules that promote both functions would be considered normatively strong; rules that promote neither function would be normatively weak; and rules that promote one function but not the other would be normatively ambiguous, their strength depending on the results of a closer cost-benefit analysis.

Some Bases for Choosing a Computer System: Suggestions for Educators

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Ludwig Braun
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Cost Categories ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

This paper was written to guide educators in the selection of computer systems for instructional applications. Four systems representing different cost categories are compared via a set of twenty-five parameters. Besides the PLATO system, the other three computer systems are different capability microcomputers. The approach of this study was to compare computer systems by enumerating the costs and benefits. Problems associated with the cost-benefit analysis are also discussed.

Manipulating Transfers

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Michael A. Livermore ◽  
Richard L. Revesz
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Trump Administration

In addition to obscuring the costs of its deregulatory agenda—by ignoring or minimizing the health harms associated with repealing or weakening environmental standards—the Trump administration has used methodological tricks to exaggerate the benefits of its actions. One way it has done this is by characterizing certain transfers between two parties as a benefit to one, contravening established techniques of cost-benefit analysis going back decades. Transfer payments are not included in cost-benefit analyses because the amount of money leaving the hands of one party is equal to the amount reaching the hands of the other party. By mangling established approaches to cost-benefit analysis, the Trump administration is treating one side of a transfer payment as an impact of regulation while ignoring the other side. And it does so inconsistently: sometimes negative impacts to the federal Treasury are treated as costs and at other times as benefits.

scholarly journals Florida’s Citrus Canker Eradication Program: Cost-Benefit Analysis With an Example of an Endemic Citrus Canker Situation for Florida Processed Oranges

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald P. Muraro ◽  
Thomas H. Spreen ◽  
Marisa L. Zansler
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Eradication Program ◽  
Citrus Trees

The rapid expansion and integration of international trade, increased tourism, and changes in methods of production in recent decades have increased the likelihood of the introduction of invasive species to U.S. agriculture. Invasive species can have adverse environmental and/or economic impacts when introduced to a region. Economic impacts include marketing, production, and trade implications. One such invasive species imposing adverse economic impacts to the Florida citrus industry is a bacterial disease known as citrus canker (Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. citri). Citrus canker causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus trees. The disease adversely affects the proportion of fruit intended for the fresh market, serves to weaken citrus trees, leads to a reduction in yields, and leads to higher costs of production. Florida’s Citrus Canker Eradication Program (CCEP) was implemented in the mid-1990s in an attempt to establish the guidelines for averting the spread of the disease. Currently there is no available biological or chemical cure for citrus canker. The CCEP instituted a policy of immediate eradication of any tree infected with citrus canker. Based upon the research by Gottwald et al., 2002, the CCEP also stipulated that all trees within a radius of 1900 feet of any infected trees be eradicated. Eradication is mandatory in such situations even if the trees within this radius do not yet show signs of infection. In addition to eradication, the CCEP defined additional regulations such as the decontamination of grove workers, field equipment, and packinghouses with approved chemicals (Chung et al., 2002). In 2004, an economic/benefit-cost analysis of the CCEP was conducted using the predicted values of the benefits and the costs associated with the policy. The actual expenditures of implementation through 2004 were weighed against the projected loss of revenue and the cost savings associated with an industry with pervasive citrus canker in an attempt to assess the net benefits of the policy. In this paper, a summary of the CCEP cost benefit analysis will be discussed. Three segments of Florida’s citrus industry were analyzed separately: 1) processed oranges; 2) fresh and processed grapefruit; and 3) specialty citrus fruit. An example will also be discussed which estimates the cumulative 15-year net grower returns for processed Hamlin and Valencia oranges which compares a no citrus canker situation with four possible endemic citrus canker fruit loss situations that include the additional grower costs to manage citrus canker. Note: The summary discussion presented in this paper on the economic impact of Florida’s citrus canker eradication program (CCEP) was completed in June–July 2004 prior to hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Jeanne, and in 2005 hurricane Wilma spreading citrus canker across Florida’s commercial citrus acreage. Updating economic impact of the CCEP to reflect the impact of the hurricanes is currently being planned. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Lauren Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Years Of Service

This cost-benefit analysis studies several significant costs and benefits of the Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project. The two major costs of construction and operating expenses and the two major benefits of passenger benefits and car miles saved have been used to analyze the project over a 30-year period starting in 2009, to include four years of construction followed by 26 years of Metro operation. The project was determined to have a net cost of $1.78 billion. With the exception of the first four years, in which construction costs would be incurred but the other three costs and benefits would not yet be realized, the project creates annual benefits of $32 million or greater. Additionally, a break-even analysis was performed within the sensitivity analysis to determine the year in which net benefits would begin accruing on the project. This year was found to be 2063, or 54 years into the project (including four years of construction and 50 years of service). Any following years in which the Metrorail was still operating would create increasing net benefits.

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