scholarly journals Does Increasing Natural Gas Demand in the Power Sector Pose a Threat of Congestion to the German Gas Grid? A Model-Coupling Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hauser ◽  
Sina Heidari ◽  
Christoph Weber ◽  
Dominik Möst
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Gas Networks ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Gas Supply

This study aims to investigate the possible congestion in the German natural gas system, which may arise due to an increase in the gas consumption in the power sector in extreme weather events. For this purpose, we develop a two-stage approach to couple an electricity model and a natural gas network model. In this approach, we model the electricity system in the first stage to determine the gas demand in the power sector. We then use the calculated gas demand to model gas networks in the second stage, where we deploy a newly developed gas network model. As a case study, we primarily evaluate our methodological approach by re-simulating the cold weather event in 2012, which is seen as an extreme situation for the gas grids, challenging the security of supply. Accordingly, we use our coupled model to investigate potential congestion in the natural gas networks for the year 2030, using a scenario of a sustainable energy transition, where an increase in the gas consumption in the power industry is likely. Results for 2030 show a 51% increase in yearly gas demand in the power industry compared to 2012. Further, the simulation results show a gas supply interruption in two nodes in 2012. In 2030, the same nodes may face an (partial) interruption of gas supply in cold winter days such as the 6th of February 2012. In this day, the load shedding in the natural gas networks can increase up to 19 GWhth in 2030. We also argue that the interrupted electricity production, due to local gas interruptions, can easily be compensated by other power plants. However, these local gas interruptions may endanger the local heat production.

Research of pressure influence in the gas supply system on the energy consuption level of gas devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
L. D. Pylypiv ◽  
І. І. Maslanych
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Supply

There are investigated the influence of operating pressures in the gas supply system on the level of such energy indicators as efficiency, gas flow and gas overrun by gas equipment in residential buildings. There is established a relationship between the values of operating pressures in the gas supply system and the gas consumption level of household appliances. The causes of insufficient pressure in the gas networks of settlements are analyzed in the article. There is also developed an algorithm for calculating the change in the efficiency of gas appliances depending on the operational parameters of the gas network. It has been found that the most efficient operation of gas appliances is observed at an overpressure at the inlet of gas appliances of about 1200 Pa.To ensure the required quality of natural gas combustion among consumers and minimize gas consumption there are justified the following measures in the article: coordinating a domestic regulatory framework for assessing the quality of natural gas with international norms and standards; improving the preparation of gas coming from local wells before supplying it to gas distribution networks; auditing low pressure gas pipelines and reconstructing areas affected by corrosion; ensuring standard gas pressure in the network for the normal operation of domestic gas appliances; stating quality indicators of natural gas combustion by gas sales organizations.

Critical Legal issues in the Nigerian Gas to Power Contractual Arrangements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-181
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Aladeitan ◽  
Obiageli Phina Anaghara-Uzor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Gas Supply

The natural gas and power sectors are pivotal sectors of the Nigerian economy with reflective effect on its gross domestic product. The Federal Government in its gas revolution agenda is taking giant strides to reposition the sector to more adequately harness its abundant natural gas resources and ensure availability of natural gas to the domestic market with the gas supply to the power sector being regulated to build base load volumes to ensure stable electricity supply to its citizens. The synergic connection of the gas and power sectors can only validly exist upon legitimate contractual arrangements such as the gas sale and purchase agreement, the gas transport agreement and the gas sale aggregation agreement which is unique to Nigerian domestic gas industry. Out of these arrangements flow pertinent legal issues which define clearly the relations between the parties. This paper therefore throws more light on some of these salient issues which arise pursuant to the respective agreements. It is hoped that this discourse would guide and further facilitate a deeper understanding of these critical terms.

Using Machine Learning Tools for Forecasting Natural Gas Market Demand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Lei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Error Evaluation ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract Providing reliable and accurate forecasts of natural gas consumption can keep supply and demand of natural gas pipelines in balance, which can increase profits and reduce supply risks. In order to accurately predict the short-term load demand of different gas nodes in the natural gas pipeline network, a hybrid optimization strategy of integrated genetic optimization algorithm and support vector machine are proposed. Factors such as holidays, date types and weather were taken into account to build a natural gas daily load prediction model based on GA-SVM was established. A natural gas pipeline network in China includes three gas supply nodes of different user type gas is forecasted, and a variety of error evaluation method, the GA-SVM evaluation index compared with other prediction methods, and through different data set partition is discussed in the periods of peak gas and gas resources in the GA — the applicability of the SVM prediction model, the ends of a natural gas pipeline network in China includes four gas supply nodes of different user type gas is forecasted, and a variety of error evaluation method, the GA-SVM evaluation index compared with other prediction methods, The applicability of the method is also discussed by dividing different data sets. By predicting the gas load forecast of the three nodes, the results show that GA-SVM hybrid prediction model has high prediction accuracy compared with other single models, and the three gas nodes MAPE of GA-SVM is respectively 3.66%, 5.17% and 3.43%. Through further analysis, even with the data samples reduced, the winter gas peak of gas prediction can still maintain good prediction effects. The research shows that the GA-SVM model has high accuracy and strong applicability in predicting gas consumption at different nodes of the natural gas pipeline network. This study can provide a research basis for analysis of gas supply uncertainty and further gas supply reliability evaluation of pipeline network.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE USE OF BIOMETHANE IN GAS SUPPLY SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
D. Suslov
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Gas Supply

The work is devoted to the urgent problem of using an alternative energy source of biomethane for gas supply to settlements. The effective use of biomethane in gas supply systems requires scientific substantiation, considering the entire range of technological parameters and operating conditions. The methods of graphs and parametric optimization are used to minimize the total reduced costs to the gas supply system to carry out the research. Based on the analysis of gas consumption by the municipal districts of the Belgorod region, a graphical dependence is built and an expression is obtained to determine the annual gas consumption by the population on the population size. The calculation of the mass of organic waste and the density of substrate formation is made, on the basis of which the potential for biomethane production in the municipal districts of the Belgorod region is determined. It has been established that the potential volume of biomethane in the Belgorod region is 633194 thousand m3 / year, or 11% of the total gas consumption. A diagram of the location of biomethane plants and gas pipelines for supplying biomethane to gas networks has been built. The optimal values of the technological parameters of the biomethane gas supply system have been established: the operating range of the biomethane plant depending on the substrate formation density, the length of the gas network for biomethane supply, depending on the gas consumption density.

Transient Optimization of Natural Gas Networks Using Intelligent Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeel Khanmirza ◽  
Reza Madoliat ◽  
Ali Pourfard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Transient Condition ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Intelligent Algorithms ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Gas Networks ◽  
Decision Variables

Compressor stations in natural gas networks should perform such that time-varying demands of customers are fulfilled while all of the system constraints are satisfied. Power consumption of compressor stations impose the most operational cost to a gas network so their optimal performance will lead to significant money saving. In this paper, the gas network transient optimization problem is addressed. The objective function is the sum of the compressor's power consumption that should be minimized where compressor speeds and the value status are decision variables. This objective function is nonlinear which is subjected to nonlinear and combinatorial constraints including both discrete and continuous variables. To handle this challenging optimization problem, a novel approach based on using two different structure intelligent algorithms, namely the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and cultural algorithm (CA), is utilized to find the optimum of the decision variables. This approach removes the necessity of finding an explicit expression for the power consumption of compressors as a function of decision variables as well as the calculation of objective function derivatives. The objective function and constraints are evaluated in the transient condition by a fully implicit finite difference numerical method. The proposed approach is applied on a real gas network where simulation results confirm its accuracy and efficiency.

scholarly journals Simulation model of natural gas supply chain in a function of costs optimization: the case of Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Šebalj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hourly Basis ◽  
Gas Supply

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a natural gas simulation model for costs optimization. The main focus of the model is on the transmission system since its imbalance leads to the penalties which must be paid by the suppliers. The total nominated amount of natural gas (the gas injected into the transmission system) must be consumed (withdrawn from the system) in order for the system to be in balance. In practice, this is not the case since it is very hard to accurately predict the future hourly consumption (in order to make a nomination) and certain deviations appear which leads to the imbalance. However, this problem could be solved by introducing a special electromotor valve which would be placed at the beginning of the distribution system and control the accumulation of the system. To test this solution, a simulation model was created using Arena Simulation tool. Data for the simulation model are collected by the natural gas distributor and consist of natural gas consumption and nomination values for one measuring-reduction station on the hourly basis. Thus, the final dataset includes 8.754 records. The separate As-Is and To-Be models for seven (summer) months were made and the results were compared. The simulation experiment shows that the positive rebalancing energy would be reduced by 32%, and the negative one by 34%. The created model can serve as a good initial step for the analysis of the justification of investment in the implementation of a technical solution that would manage the accumulation of the distribution system.

On the climate benefit of a coal-to-gas shift in Germany’s electric power sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ladage ◽  
Martin Blumenberg ◽  
Dieter Franke ◽  
Andreas Bahr ◽  
Rüdiger Lutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Electric Power Sector ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract Methane emissions along the natural gas supply chain are critical for the climate benefit achievable by fuel switching from coal to natural gas in the electric power sector. For Germany, one of the world’s largest primary energy consumers, we conducted fleet-conversion modelling taking domestic and export country specific emissions in the natural gas and coal chains into account. Methane leakage rates below 4.9 % (GWP20; immediate 4.1 %) in the natural gas supply chain lead to overall reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by fuel shifting from lignite and hard coal to natural gas. Reported supply chain methane emissions for Germany’s natural gas mix are with < < 1 % leakage rates well below this Germany-specific break-even leakage rate. Even a potential supply by U.S.-American liquefied natural gas to Germany would not exceed this critical rate. Supply chain emission scenarios demonstrate that a complete shift to natural gas would emit 30–55 % less greenhouse gases than from the coal mix. However, further abating supply chain methane emissions in the oil and gas sector should remain a prime effort, when considering natural gas as bridge fuel on the path to achieve the Paris climate goals.

scholarly journals Natural gas supply for industrial enterprises in the conditions of the Russian market: current state and development trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05040
Author(s):  
N.V. Varlamov ◽  
I.A. Kirshina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Gas Supply

The article considers the existing problems in natural gas supply for industrial enterprises in the Russian market. The analysis is performed with regards to the use of natural gas in various sectors of economy. Gas consumption in electric power industry and metallurgy is growing at the highest rate. Gasification of the Russian regions leads to the dynamic development of gas distribution system. The use of natural gas in industry makes a significant contribution to the state budget and to the socio-economic situation in the regions.

scholarly journals On the climate benefit of a coal-to-gas shift in Germany’s electric power sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ladage ◽  
Martin Blumenberg ◽  
Dieter Franke ◽  
Andreas Bahr ◽  
Rüdiger Lutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Fuel Switching ◽  
Electric Power Sector ◽  
Gas Supply

AbstractMethane emissions along the natural gas supply chain are critical for the climate benefit achievable by fuel switching from coal to natural gas in the electric power sector. For Germany, one of the world’s largest primary energy consumers, with a coal and natural gas share in the power sector of 35% and 13%, respectively, we conducted fleet-conversion modelling for reference year 2018, taking domestic and export country specific greenhouse gas (GHG)-emissions in the natural gas and coal supply chains into account. Methane leakage rates below 4.9% (GWP20; immediate 4.1%) in the natural gas supply chain lead to overall reduction of CO2-equivalent GHG-emissions by fuel switching. Supply chain methane emissions vary significantly for the import countries Russia, Norway and The Netherlands, yet for Germany’s combined natural gas mix lie with << 1% far below specific break-even leakage rates. Supply chain emission scenarios demonstrate that a complete shift to natural gas would emit 30–55% (GWP20 and GWP100, respectively) less CO2-equivalent GHG than from the coal mix. However, further abating methane emissions in the petroleum sector should remain a prime effort, when considering natural gas as bridge fuel on the path to achieve the Paris climate goals.

scholarly journals Selección de Alternativas para el Suministro de Gas Natural en Colombia empleando el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico

Ingeniería ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Becerra Fernández ◽  
Ricardo Rodriguez Yee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
Selection Of

Context: Colombia consumes natural gas in different sectors, especially in the ones that are residential and vehicular transport. Gas consumption serves as backup for power generation in situations of reduced hydroelectric capacity. Nowadays, gas reserve levels have been reduced and it is essential to ensure the uninterrupted supply of the resource. To achieve such objective, there are some alternatives which are difficult to implement at the same time, given the limited financial budget and implementation times that they demanded. In this way, several studies have advanced in the application of models to prioritize alternatives for both supplying power and reducing emissions in the generation, especially regarding the evaluation of energy sources and technology selection for supply.Method: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based in the Delphi method to define preferences according to the experts judgment, was applied to evaluate the selection of alternatives supply of natural gas in Colombia, considering technical, environmental and social criteria, which is reliable and policy oriented to guarantee supply of resources in the country.Results: Once the model was applied, we evaluated the criteria and alternatives for infrastructure to support gas supply, finding that reliability is the most relevant criterion as well as alternative of building the ‘Regasification Pacific Plant’ followed by the construction of the ‘Buenaventura-Cali pipeline’ and the ‘Storage Plant in Bogotá'.Conclusions: As the results indicate, in Colombia efforts should be focus on imports of the resource through the construction of regasification plants and pipelines to facilitate transport inland to demand points. The latter may help decision makers facing various alternatives to ensure the supply of this resource, which is relevant to various economic sectors, including generation of electricity in the country.Language: Spanish

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