scholarly journals Measured Performance of a Mixed-Use Commercial-Building Ground Source Heat Pump System in Sweden

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Spitler ◽  
Signhild Gehlin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Seasonal Performance

When the new student center at Stockholm University in Sweden was completed in the fall of 2013 it was thoroughly instrumented. The 6300 m2 four-story building with offices, a restaurant, study lounges, and meeting rooms was designed to be energy efficient with a planned total energy use of 25 kWh/m2/year. Space heating and hot water are provided by a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system consisting of five 40 kW off-the-shelf water-to-water heat pumps connected to 20 boreholes in hard rock, drilled to a depth of 200 m. Space cooling is provided by direct cooling from the boreholes. This paper uses measured performance data from Studenthuset to calculate the actual thermal performance of the GSHP system during one of its early years of operation. Monthly system coefficients-of-performance and coefficients-of-performance for both heating and cooling operation are presented. In the first months of operation, several problems were corrected, leading to improved performance. This paper provides long-term measured system performance data from a recently installed GSHP system, shows how the various system components affect the performance, presents an uncertainty analysis, and describes how some unanticipated consequences of the design may be ameliorated. Seasonal performance factors (SPF) are evaluated based on the SEPEMO (“SEasonal PErformance factor and MOnitoring for heat pump systems”) boundary schema. For heating (“H”), SPFs of 3.7 ± 0.2 and 2.7 ± 0.13 were obtained for boundaries H2 and H3, respectively. For cooling (“C”), a C2 SPF of 27 ± 5 was obtained. Results are compared to measured performance data from 55 GSHP systems serving commercial buildings that are reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Long-Term Performance Measurement and Analysis of a Small-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4527
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Hongyi Zhang ◽  
Saqib Javed
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Seasonal Performance

Recent data suggest that heat pumps, despite having the potential to cover over 90% of the global space and water heating demands, only provide less than 5% of global heating. Heat pumps, in general, and ground source heat pumps, specifically, offer significant potential for energy savings and carbon emissions reduction in buildings. The realization of these potential benefits, however, requires proper design, installation, and operation of the entire heat pump system. This paper presents the performance analysis of a Swedish ground source heat pump system providing space heating and hot water to a sports clubhouse. The installation has been carefully instrumented to enable full characterization of the whole system including auxiliary components such as circulation pumps and supplementary heating. Seasonal performance factors, calculated for monthly and annual periods using high-quality, high-resolution measurement data collected over three years of system operation, have been reported based on the SEPEMO (SEasonal PErformance factor and MOnitoring for heat pump systems) and Annex 52 boundary schemes for evaluating and benchmarking the performance of the ground source heat pump system. The auxiliary system components were shown to have a large impact on the overall performance of the system. In particular, the legionella protection system was found to affect performance considerably. Recommendations as to how to improve the performance of the system under study and other similar systems are made from the design, installation, and operation perspectives.

scholarly journals Performance of heat pump system for water heating in European climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Yauheni Kachalouski ◽  
Matuška Tomáš
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Ground Source

A performance of air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pump for domestic hot water preparation was analyzed in different climates of Europe. Air-source heat pumps are widely used energy source for domestic applications with low operation costs. Their system SPF was found at level of 3.0 for domestic hot water preparation for medium latitudes in Europe. Investigations on the ground-source heat pump performance show their average SPF are close to air-source technology.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system in climatic conditions of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2 Part A) ◽  
pp. 977-989
Author(s):  
Salih Coskun
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Source

In order to contribute to widespread use of RES in Turkey, a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system was modeled using TRNSYS software and simulated for heating and supplying daily hot water to meet the needs of a restaurant in five sample provinces having different climatic conditions. During the simulation, the dining room temperature of the restaurant was kept constant at 22?C during the winter season and a total of 300 Lph of water (55?C) was used for 15 minutes four times a day. According to the simulation results, power consumption rates in the solar-assisted ground source heat pump system were determined as about 60% for the heat pump, 16% for heaters, 14% for the ground pump and 8% for fans and other pumps. The highest power consumption, as expected, was obtained for Hakkari Province (6723 kW) in the Eastern Anatolia region, which has a cold climate, while the lowest power consumption was obtained for Izmir Province (2822 kW) in the Aegean region, which has mild climatic conditions. The lowest seasonal performance factor and solar factor values were calculated as 2.27 and 32% for Hakkari and the highest as 2.71 and 56% for Izmir, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurement and Verification of Integrated Ground Source Heat Pumps on a Shared Ground Loop

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Soo Shin ◽  
Jong Woo Park ◽  
Sean Hay Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Ground Source

We propose an integrated geothermal system that consists of air-conditioning and hot water service ground source heat pumps, both of which share a ground water loop. The proposed system increases the COP of the service hot water ground source heat pump by recovering the condensation heat of the air-conditioning ground source heat pump as an evaporator heat source for the hot water service ground source heat pump. Eventually this integration expands the scope and capacity of the evaporator source in addition to the underground water of heat exchangers, which also leads to increase the COP of the air-conditioning ground source heat pump. The integrated geothermal heat pump system was installed in a hotel, and then data were measured for a limited period due to the hotel’s ongoing business activities. A TRNSYS simulation model has been developed as a baseline, and the baseline has been calibrated with the measured data. By running one-year simulations, it turns out that the annual electricity use for heating and cooling, and service hot water was reduced by 19.1% in the cooling season, and by 9.6% in the heating season, with respect to the conventional configuration in which the air-conditioning heat pump and hot water service heat pump work individually on their own ground loops.

scholarly journals Seasonal evaluation of heat pump system for building heating and ventilation – a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bugaj ◽  
Maciej Miniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Ground Source

This paper presents results obtained from seasonal evaluation of ground source heat pump (GSHP) and exhaust air heat pump (EAHP) systems used for heating and ventilation of a school building. A Matlab simulation program was developed with models of the following elements: the building thermal performance, central heating and ventilation installations, the ground source heat pump with the ground source heat exchanger and exhaust air heat pumps in air handling units. The system based exclusively on the GSHP attaining all heating needs of the central heating and ventilation installations was compared with the combined system of the GSHP and the EAHP. The analysis was based on hourly calculations of all energy capacities and COPs as well as seasonal performance factors. In addition, the energy ratings in terms of seasonal usage of delivered, renewable, auxiliary and primary energy were performed. Those energy ratings enabled the estimation of seasonal CO2 emissions in all analysed systems. The combined application of the GSHP and the EAHP in the building gave the lowest values of primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions among all considered systems.

scholarly journals Seasonal storage of residential exhaust air and sewage waste heat

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Janne Hirvonen ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Risto Kosonen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Sewage Waste

Most Finnish residential buildings have been built before ventilation heat recovery options became mandatory. Exhaust air heat pumps are an effective way to reduce emissions, but they cannot cover all heating demand. Ground-source heat pumps can be designed to meet all loads, but they require corresponding amounts of space both above and below ground. This simulation study combines residential ventilation and sewage waste heat with a ground-source heat pump system to improve system sustainability and cost-effectiveness. A hybrid waste heat and ground-source heat pump system was shown to have 20% lower life cycle costs compared to a pure ground-source heat pump system. It also maintained sustainable ground temperature levels over the long term, while reducing above-ground space requirements by 95%.

Analysis and Study of Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2122-2125
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Xiao Yang Hui ◽  
Zhi Jun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Ground Source

Composition and operating modes of two different solar-assisted heat pump systems have been introduced in this paper. The advantages of compound heat pump system are analyzed compared with solo heat pump system. Solar-assisted air source heat pump system not only has the advantages, which air source heat pump system (ASHP) has, but also makes good use of renewable solar energy. It can provide cooling, heating and living hot water all the year. Solar-assisted ground source heat pump system realizes advantage complementation in various seasons between solar heat water system and ground source heat pump (GSHP) system. Solar-assisted ground source heat pump system can adjust the system operating model to solve the disadvantage of sole GSHP system, whose performance decrease for the temperature change of soil for long time operating with annual cool and heat unbalancedness. GSHP system can effectively increase the operating stability with the assistance of solar energy.

DETERMINING THE PROFITABILITY OF GREENHOUSE ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES: A MODELING APPROACH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249a-249
Author(s):  
Eric A. Lavoie ◽  
Damien de Halleux ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Jean-Claude Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The main objective of this research was to produce a simulated model that permitted the evaluation of operating costs of commercial greenhouse tomato growers with respect to heating methods (hot air, hot water, radiant and heat pumps) and the use of artificial lighting for 1991 and 1992. This research showed that the main factors that negatively influence profitability were energy consumption during cold periods and the price of tomatoes during the summer season. The conventional hot water system consumed less energy than the heat pump system and produced marketable fruit yields similar to those from the heat pump system. The hot water system was generally more profitable in regards to energy consumption and productivity. Moreover, investment costs were less; therefore, this system gives best overall financial savings. As for radiant and hot air systems, their overall financial status falls between that of the hot water system and the heat pump. The radiant system proved to be more energy efficient that the hot air system, but the latter produced a higher marketable fruit yield over the 2-year study.

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