scholarly journals A Text-Mining Approach to Assess the Failure Condition of Wind Turbines Using Maintenance Service History

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Blanco-M. ◽  
Pere Marti-Puig ◽  
Karina Gibert ◽  
Jordi Cusidó ◽  
Jordi Solé-Casals
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Failure Condition ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Human Expert ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Maintenance Service ◽  
Unknown Status ◽  
Condition Monitoring System

Detecting and determining which systems or subsystems of a wind turbine have more failures is essential to improve their design, which will reduce the costs of generating wind power. Two of the most critical failures, the generator and gearbox, are analyzed and characterized with four metrics. This failure analysis usually begins with the identification of the turbine’s condition, a process normally performed by an expert examining the wind turbine’s service history. This is a time-consuming task, as a human expert has to examine each service entry. To automate this process, a new methodology is presented here, which is based on a set of steps to preprocess and decompose the service history to find relevant words and sentences that discriminate an unhealthy wind turbine period from a healthy one. This is achieved by means of two classifiers fed with the matrix of terms from the decomposed document of the training wind turbines. The classifiers can extract essential words and determine the conditions of new turbines of unknown status using the text from the service history, emulating what a human expert manually does when labelling the training set. Experimental results are promising, with accuracy and F-score above 90% in some cases. Condition monitoring system can be improved and automated using this system, which helps the expert in the tedious task of identifying the relevant words from the turbine service history. In addition, the system can be retrained when new knowledge becomes available and may therefore always be as accurate as a human expert. With this new tool, the expert can focus on identifying which systems or subsystems can be redesigned to increase the efficiency of wind turbines.

How to Improve the Reliability of Wind Turbines

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 771-775
Author(s):  
Hai Bo Zhang ◽  
Liang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Lubrication System ◽  
Component Failure ◽  
Time Condition ◽  
Automatic Lubrication ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Condition Monitoring System

According to the failure of wind turbines in operation, the failure cause and phenomenon of wind turbines is analyzed, combined with the reliability of wind turbine subsystems, measures aiming at cooperation parts and purchased parts are proposed, the reliability of the whole wind turbines is improved in a certain extent. At the same time, condition monitoring system can carry through the early detecting and diagnosing to potential component failure maintain. Besides, automatic lubrication system can realize accurate and timeliness lubrication, also can reduce maintenance workload, preserve correct lubrication and smooth running of all parts.

scholarly journals Design of a Condition Monitoring System for Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Jinje Park ◽  
Changhyun Kim ◽  
Minh-Chau Dinh ◽  
Minwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Diagnosis Model ◽  
Condition Monitoring System ◽  
Condition Diagnosis

Renewable energy is being adopted worldwide, and the proportion of offshore wind turbines is increasing. Offshore wind turbines operate in harsh weather conditions, resulting in various failures and high maintenance costs. In this paper, a condition diagnosis model for condition monitoring of an offshore wind turbine has been developed. The generator, main bearing, pitch system, and yaw system were selected as components subject to the condition monitoring by considering the failure rate and downtime of the wind turbine. The condition diagnosis model works by comparing real-time and predictive operating data of the wind turbine, and about four years of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data from a 2 MW wind turbine was used to develop the model. A deep neural network and an artificial neural network were used as machine learning to predict the operational data in the condition diagnosis model, and a confusion matrix was used to measure the accuracy of the failure determination. As a result of the condition monitoring derived by inputting SCADA data to the designed system, it was possible to maintain the failure determination accuracy of more than 90%. The proposed condition monitoring system will be effectively utilized for the maintenance of wind turbines.

scholarly journals Exploring the Causes of Power-Converter Failure in Wind Turbines based on Comprehensive Field-Data and Damage Analysis

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Fischer ◽  
Karoline Pelka ◽  
Sebastian Puls ◽  
Max-Hermann Poech ◽  
Axel Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Maintenance Service

Power converters are among the most frequently failing components of wind turbines. Despite their massive economic impact, the actual causes and mechanisms underlying these failures have remained in the dark for many years. In view of this situation, a large consortium of three research institutes and 16 companies, including wind-turbine and component manufacturers, operators and maintenance-service providers has joined forces to identify the main causes and driving factors of the power-converter failures in wind turbines to create a basis for effective remedial measures. The present paper summarizes and discusses the results of this research initiative, which have been achieved through the evaluation of converter-specific failure and operating data of a large and diverse worldwide wind-turbine fleet, field measurements as well as post-mortem investigation of returned converter components. A key conclusion of the work is that the thermal-cycling induced fatigue of bond-chip contacts and die-attach solder, which is a known issue in other fields of power-electronics applications and which has been widely assumed to be the principle damage mechanisms also in wind turbines, is no relevant contributor to the observed converter failures in this application. Instead, the results indicate that environmental factors such as humidity and contamination but also design and quality issues as well as human errors play an important part in the incidence of these failures.

scholarly journals Wind turbine condition monitoring system as a source of diagnostic information

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Borowski ◽  
Mirosław Szubartowski ◽  
Leszek Knopik ◽  
Klaudiusz Migawa
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Technical Service ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Condition Monitoring System

The issues relating to the necessity of monitoring the wind turbines’ condition and operation are presented in the study. The wind turbines of high powers, are very expensive and complicated machines requiring appropriate control and high quality technical service. The idea of appropriate technical turbine’s maintaining, combines its high availability and productivity, as well as minimization of the costs related to failures and unexpected damages. Remote diagnostic systems allow obtaining the basic information, making it possible to maintain and appropriate control, use and high quality technical service.

scholarly journals Perspectives on condition monitoring techniques of wind turbines

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Moeini ◽  
M Entezami ◽  
M Ratkovac ◽  
P Tricoli ◽  
H Hemida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Monitoring Techniques ◽  
Condition Monitoring System

The ever-increasing development of wind power plants has raised awareness that an appropriate condition monitoring system is required to achieve high reliability of wind turbines. In order to develop an efficient, accurate and reliable condition monitoring system, the operations of wind turbines need to be fully understood. This article focuses on the online condition monitoring of electrical, mechanical and structural components of a wind turbine to diminish downtime due to maintenance. Failure mechanisms of the most vulnerable parts of wind turbines and their root causes are discussed. State-of-the-art condition monitoring methods of the different parts of wind turbine such as generators, power converters, DC-links, bearings, gearboxes, brake systems and tower structure are reviewed. This article addresses the existing problems in some areas of condition monitoring systems and provides a novel method to overcome these problems. In this article, a comparison between existing condition monitoring techniques is carried out and recommendations on appropriate methods are provided. In the analysis of the technical literature, it is noted that the effect of wind speed variation is not considered for traditional condition monitoring schemes.

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
B. P. Khozyainov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Air Flow Velocity

The article carries out the experimental and analytical studies of three-blade wind power installation and gives the technique for measurements of angular rate of wind turbine rotation depending on the wind speeds, the rotating moment and its power. We have made the comparison of the calculation results according to the formulas offered with the indicators of the wind turbine tests executed in natural conditions. The tests were carried out at wind speeds from 0.709 m/s to 6.427 m/s. The wind power efficiency (WPE) for ideal traditional installation is known to be 0.45. According to the analytical calculations, wind power efficiency of the wind turbine with 3-bladed and 6 wind guide screens at wind speedsfrom 0.709 to 6.427 is equal to 0.317, and in the range of speed from 0.709 to 4.5 m/s – 0.351, but the experimental coefficient is much higher. The analysis of WPE variations shows that the work with the wind guide screens at insignificant average air flow velocity during the set period of time appears to be more effective, than the work without them. If the air flow velocity increases, the wind power efficiency gradually decreases. Such a good fit between experimental data and analytical calculations is confirmed by comparison of F-test design criterion with its tabular values. In the design of wind turbines, it allows determining the wind turbine power, setting the geometrical parameters and mass of all details for their efficient performance.

SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
S. G. Ignatiev ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.

scholarly journals Monitoring Wind Turbine Gearbox with Echo State Network Modeling and Dynamic Threshold Using SCADA Vibration Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Guoqian Jiang ◽  
Ping Xie ◽  
Xiaoli Li
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Threshold ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Echo State Network ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Static Monitoring ◽  
Threshold Monitoring

Health monitoring of wind turbine gearboxes has gained considerable attention as wind turbines become larger in size and move to more inaccessible locations. To improve the reliability, extend the lifetime of the turbines, and reduce the operation and maintenance cost caused by the gearbox faults, data-driven condition motoring techniques have been widely investigated, where various sensor monitoring data (such as power, temperature, and pressure, etc.) have been modeled and analyzed. However, wind turbines often work in complex and dynamic operating conditions, such as variable speeds and loads, thus the traditional static monitoring method relying on a certain fixed threshold will lead to unsatisfactory monitoring performance, typically high false alarms and missed detections. To address this issue, this paper proposes a reliable monitoring model for wind turbine gearboxes based on echo state network (ESN) modeling and the dynamic threshold scheme, with a focus on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) vibration data. The aim of the proposed approach is to build the turbine normal behavior model only using normal SCADA vibration data, and then to analyze the unseen SCADA vibration data to detect potential faults based on the model residual evaluation and the dynamic threshold setting. To better capture temporal information inherent in monitored sensor data, the echo state network (ESN) is used to model the complex vibration data due to its simple and fast training ability and powerful learning capability. Additionally, a dynamic threshold monitoring scheme with a sliding window technique is designed to determine dynamic control limits to address the issue of the low detection accuracy and poor adaptability caused by the traditional static monitoring methods. The effectiveness of the proposed monitoring method is verified using the collected SCADA vibration data from a wind farm located at Inner Mongolia in China. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve improved detection accuracy and reliability compared with the traditional static threshold monitoring method.

scholarly journals Improving the Strategy of Maintaining Offshore Wind Turbines through Petri Net Modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Rundong Yan ◽  
Sarah Dunnett
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Major Repair ◽  
Wind Turbine System ◽  
Periodic Maintenance

In order to improve the operation and maintenance (O&M) of offshore wind turbines, a new Petri net (PN)-based offshore wind turbine maintenance model is developed in this paper to simulate the O&M activities in an offshore wind farm. With the aid of the PN model developed, three new potential wind turbine maintenance strategies are studied. They are (1) carrying out periodic maintenance of the wind turbine components at different frequencies according to their specific reliability features; (2) conducting a full inspection of the entire wind turbine system following a major repair; and (3) equipping the wind turbine with a condition monitoring system (CMS) that has powerful fault detection capability. From the research results, it is found that periodic maintenance is essential, but in order to ensure that the turbine is operated economically, this maintenance needs to be carried out at an optimal frequency. Conducting a full inspection of the entire wind turbine system following a major repair enables efficient utilisation of the maintenance resources. If periodic maintenance is performed infrequently, this measure leads to less unexpected shutdowns, lower downtime, and lower maintenance costs. It has been shown that to install the wind turbine with a CMS is helpful to relieve the burden of periodic maintenance. Moreover, the higher the quality of the CMS, the more the downtime and maintenance costs can be reduced. However, the cost of the CMS needs to be considered, as a high cost may make the operation of the offshore wind turbine uneconomical.

scholarly journals Holistic simulation of wind turbines with fully aero-elastic and electrical model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Wiens ◽  
Sebastian Frahm ◽  
Philipp Thomas ◽  
Shoaib Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Electrical Model ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Electrical Components

AbstractRequirements for the design of wind turbines advance facing the challenges of a high content of renewable energy sources in the public grid. A high percentage of renewable energy weaken the grid and grid faults become more likely, which add additional loads on the wind turbine. Load calculations with aero-elastic models are standard for the design of wind turbines. Components of the electric system are usually roughly modeled in aero-elastic models and therefore the effect of detailed electrical models on the load calculations is unclear. A holistic wind turbine model is obtained, by combining an aero-elastic model and detailed electrical model into one co-simulation. The holistic model, representing a DFIG turbine is compared to a standard aero-elastic model for load calculations. It is shown that a detailed modelling of the electrical components e.g., generator, converter, and grid, have an influence on the results of load calculations. An analysis of low-voltage-ride-trough events during turbulent wind shows massive increase of loads on the drive train and effects the tower loads. Furthermore, the presented holistic model could be used to investigate different control approaches on the wind turbine dynamics and loads. This approach is applicable to the modelling of a holistic wind park to investigate interaction on the electrical level and simultaneously evaluate the loads on the wind turbine.

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