scholarly journals The Viscosity and Combustion Characteristics of Single-Droplet Water-Diesel Emulsion

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghan Won ◽  
Seung Wook Baek ◽  
Hyemin Kim ◽  
Hookyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Emulsion Droplet ◽  
Single Droplet

Diesel fuel exhibits excellent combustion characteristics and stability. However, diesel use is becoming restricted because of its associated environmental problems. Fuel emulsification, which increases efficiency and reduces pollution, became the solution of environmental problem. In this study, five water:diesel emulsions with mass ratios (0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5) via ultrasonication were synthesized with and without surfactant. The optimal water:diesel ratio (=1:1) of an emulsion containing the surfactant was found by analyzing fuel concentration, mixing time, and viscosity. The combustion characteristics of single-droplet optimal emulsions were studied through ignition delay, burning rate, and total droplet lifetime at high temperature (400–700 °C) and pressure (1–15 bar), and micro-explosion phenomenon was observed. Although the ignition delay of emulsion increased, the total lifetime of the emulsion droplet was lower than that of diesel under 5 bar, 600 °C condition.

Shock tube studies on ignition delay and combustion characteristics of oxygenated fuels under high temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 10101-10111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Ma ◽  
Weixin Du ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Enyu Lv ◽  
Yongchao Dong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Shock Tube ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Oxygenated Fuels

scholarly journals Combustion of Single Droplet of Long Ignition Delay Fuel Oils in High Temperature Air

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Takeyuki Kishi ◽  
Kazuo Hatori ◽  
Sumito Nishio ◽  
Zhide Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Single Droplet ◽  
Fuel Oils

Investigation on the spray development, the combustion characteristics and the emissions of Fischer–Tropsch fuel and diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (13) ◽  
pp. 1829-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Pei ◽  
Jing Qin ◽  
Yuli Dai ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Planar Laser ◽  
Direct Coal Liquefaction

Diesel fuel is largely consumed by transportation services, and diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction and Fischer–Tropsch fuel have been produced as alternatives in coal-rich areas. However, the physicochemical characteristics of the two fuels are not quite the same as those of diesel fuel derived from crude oil. Therefore, the spray development, the combustion characteristics and the emissions of diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction, Fischer–Tropsch fuel and commercial diesel fuel were studied in this paper. The spray development was investigated by using planar laser-induced fluorescence, and the results showed that the spray characteristics of coal-liquefied fuel were similar to those of commercial diesel fuel. Diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction has a longer ignition delay and a higher heat release rate from premixed combustion than commercial diesel fuel does because of its lower cetane number at low loads. However, the same combustion characteristics with commercial diesel fuel can be achieved by mixing diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction and Fischer–Tropsch fuel in a ratio of 3 to 1. With increasing engine load, the in-cylinder temperature and the pressure increased which reduced the effect of the cetane number on the ignition delay and the combustion process. The regulated emissions from Fischer–Tropsch fuel were the lowest of these fuels; the unregulated emissions measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, however, were slightly higher than those of the other two fuels.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Effect of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Oxymethylene Ethers on Main Spray and Combustion Characteristics under Engine Combustion Network Spray A Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5460
Author(s):  
José V. Pastor ◽  
José M. García-Oliver ◽  
Carlos Micó ◽  
Alba A. García-Carrero ◽  
Arantzazu Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Oxygenated Fuels

The stringent emission regulations have motivated the development of cleaner fuels as diesel surrogates. However, their different physical-chemical properties make the study of their behavior in compression ignition engines essential. In this sense, optical techniques are a very effective tool for determining the spray evolution and combustion characteristics occurring in the combustion chamber. In this work, quantitative parameters describing the evolution of diesel-like sprays such as liquid length, spray penetration, ignition delay, lift-off length and flame penetration as well as the soot formation were tested in a constant high pressure and high temperature installation using schlieren, OH∗ chemiluminescence and diffused back-illumination extinction imaging techniques. Boundary conditions such as rail pressure, chamber density and temperature were defined using guidelines from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN). Two paraffinic fuels (dodecane and a renewable hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)) and two oxygenated fuels (methylal identified as OME1 and a blend of oxymethylene ethers, identified as OMEx) were tested and compared to a conventional diesel fuel used as reference. Results showed that paraffinic fuels and OMEx sprays have similar behavior in terms of global combustion metrics. In the case of OME1, a shorter liquid length, but longer ignition delay time and flame lift-off length were observed. However, in terms of soot formation, a big difference between paraffinic and oxygenated fuels could be appreciated. While paraffinic fuels did not show any significant decrease of soot formation when compared to diesel fuel, soot formed by OME1 and OMEx was below the detection threshold in all tested conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Air Oxygen Enrichment Effects on Combustion and Emissions of Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engines at Various Loads and Pilot Fuel Quantities

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roussos G. Papagiannakis ◽  
Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos ◽  
Constantine D. Rakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Enrichment ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Pilot Fuel

The use of natural gas (NG) as supplement of the normal diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) environments (Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel, NG/DDF), seems to present an answer towards reducing soot or particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in existing and future diesel engine vehicles. The benefits for the environment can be even higher, as recently NG quality gas can be produced from biomass (bio-methane or bio-CNG or ‘green gas’). However, this engine type where the main fuel is the gaseous one and the diesel liquid fuel constitutes the ignition source (pilot), experiences higher specific energy consumption (SEC), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) emissions compared to the conventional (normal) diesel one, with these adverse effects becoming more apparent under partial load operation conditions. Apart from using bio-fuels as pilot fuel, it is anticipated that air oxygen enrichment—addition of oxygen in the intake air—can mitigate (at least partly) the associated negative results, by accelerating the burning rate and reducing the ignition delay. Therefore, the present work strives to investigate the effects of various degrees of oxygen enrichment on the combustion, performance, and emissions of such a NG/DDF engine, operated under various loads and pilot (diesel fuel) quantities. The study is carried out by using an in-house, comprehensive, computational model, which is a two-zone (phenomenological) one. The accuracy of the modeling results are tested by using related experimental data from the literature, acquired in an experimental investigation conducted on a naturally aspirated, light-duty, NG/DDF engine. The computational study is extended to include various pilot fuel quantities, attempting to identify the influence of the examined parameters and witness advantages and disadvantages. The study results demonstrate that the air oxygen enrichment reduces the specific energy consumption and CO emissions, by accelerating the burning rate and reducing the ignition delay (as revealed by the cylinder pressure and rate of heat release diagrams), without impairing seriously the soot and NO emissions. The conclusions of the specific investigation are much useful, particularly if wished to identify the optimum combination of the parameters under examination for improving the overall performance of existing CI engines functioning under natural gas/diesel fuel operating mode.

scholarly journals Analysis of Combustion Characteristics of Waste Plastic Disposal Fuel (WPDF) and Tire Derived Fuel (TDF)

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Herzwan Hamzah ◽  
Abdul Adam Abdullah ◽  
Agung Sudrajat ◽  
Nur Atiqah Ramlan ◽  
Nur Fauziah Jaharudin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Waste Plastic

The increase of industrial activities and motor vehicles globally causes rise demands in fossil fuel as energy sources. Since fossil fuel is non-renewable energy, many researches have been conducted to reduce the reliance to this fossil fuel. In conjunction, the number of waste plastic and tires around the world is increasing as a result of modern application and increasing number of motor vehicle. This type of waste is hard to decays and commonly dumped onto open landfills. Utilization of waste tires and plastics can produce alternative fuel that potentially can be used in diesel engine. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of two waste source fuels known as waste plastic disposal fuel (WPDF) and tire disposal fuel (TDF) are discussed. The combustion characteristics of both fuels are compared to diesel fuel. WPDF and TDF used in this experiment are pure concentrated and not blended with diesel fuel. The experiment is conducted using single cylinder YANMAR TF120M diesel engine. The engine is operated at constant load at 20 Nm and variable speed ranged from 1200 rpm to 2400 rpm. The combustion characteristics that discussed in this paper are ignition delay and peak pressure. Both characteristic are measured at two engine speed region which is low speed (1200 rpm) and high speed (2100 rpm). From the results obtained, it can be observed that WPDF has comparable ignition delay compared to diesel fuel while TDF has longest ignition delay compared to WPDF and diesel fuel. TDF also produce highest peak pressure compared to other tested fuels. Moreover, TDF is not suitable for high speed application since it cause backfire when engine speed reach 2200 rpm.

scholarly journals Single Droplet Combustion Characteristics of Petroleum Diesel- Philippine Tung Biodiesel Blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Nurkholis Hamidi ◽  
Joko Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Burning Rate ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Ignition Delay Time ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Droplet Combustion ◽  
Fuel Blends

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of fuel blending of petroleum diesel and biodiesel made from Philippine Tung on the combustion characteristics of fuel droplets. In this study, petroleum diesel was mixed with biodiesel at volume percentages of 0 to 100 % to produce 5 fuel blends. The ratios of fuel blends (petroleum volume/biodiesel volume) were 100:0 (P100), 75:25 (BP25), 50:50 (BP50), 25:75 (BP75) and 0:100 (B100). Single droplet combustion experiments were prepared to understand the combustion characteristics at 3 levels of ambient pressure (100, 200 and 300 kPa). Observations were carried out on the ignition delay time, the burning rate constant, droplet temperature, and the flame visualization. The results showed some effects of the adding of biodiesel in petroleum diesel and the chamber pressure on droplet combustion characteristics.  The adding of biodiesel into petroleum diesel resulted in a shorter ignition delay time and higher burning rate constants. But, the lower heating value of biodiesel caused the lower flame temperature. The possibility of micro-explosion also increased due to the mixing of fuel. On the other hand, increasing the chamber pressure also resulted in shorter ignition delay, higher burning rate, and higher combustion temperature. The higher ambient pressure also compressed the flame dimension and enhanced the onset of micro-explosion. HIGHLIGHTS The adding of biodiesel into petroleum diesel with different physical and chemical properties impacts the droplet combustion behavior, especially on the characteristics of burning rate, ignition delay time, flame temperature, and micro explosion The high content of unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen in Philippine Tung biodiesel improves the ignition delay time and burning rate constants of the blended fuel, but, the lower heating value causes the lower flame temperature The multi-components of fatty acids with different boiling points in Philippine Tung oil promote the micro-explosion in the combustion of the mixtures of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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