scholarly journals Optimised Heat Pump Management for Increasing Photovoltaic Penetration into the Electricity Grid

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Cristian Sánchez ◽  
Lionel Bloch ◽  
Jordan Holweger ◽  
Christophe Ballif ◽  
Nicolas Wyrsch
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Nonlinear Optimisation

Advanced control of heat pumps with thermal storage and photovoltaics has recently been promoted as a promising solution to help decarbonise the residential sector. Heat pumps and thermal storage offer a valuable flexibilisation mean to integrate stochastic renewable energy sources into the electricity grid. Heat pump energy conversion is nonlinear, leading to a challenging nonlinear optimisation problem. However, issues like global optimum uncertainty and the time-consuming methods of current nonlinear programming solvers draw researchers to linearise heat pump models that are then implemented in faster and globally convergent linear programming solvers. Nevertheless, these linearisations generate some inaccuracies, especially in the calculation of the heat pump’s coefficient of performance ( C O P ). In order to solve all of these issues, this paper presents a heuristic control algorithm (HCA) to provide a fast, accurate and near-optimal solution to the original nonlinear optimisation problem for a single-family house with a photovoltaic system, using real consumption data from a typical Swiss house. Results highlight that the HCA solves this optimisation problem up to 1000 times faster, yielding an operation that is up to 49% cheaper and self-consumption rates that are 5% greater than other nonlinear solvers. Comparing the performance of the HCA and the linear solver intlinprog, it is shown that the HCA provides more accurate heat pump control with an increase of up to 9% in system Operating Expense OPEX and a decrease of 8% in self-consumption values.

scholarly journals Seasonal Energy Flexibility Through Integration of Liquid Sorption Storage in Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2944
Author(s):  
Luca Baldini ◽  
Benjamin Fumey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Electric Load ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Electricity Grid

The article estimates energy flexibility provided to the electricity grid by integration of long-term thermal energy storage in buildings. To this end, a liquid sorption storage combined with a compression heat pump is studied for a single-family home. This combination acts as a double-stage heat pump comprised of a thermal and an electrical stage. It lowers the temperature lift to be overcome by the electrical heat pump and thus increases its coefficient of performance. A simplified model is used to quantify seasonal energy flexibility by means of electric load shifting evaluated with a monthly resolution. Results are presented for unlimited and limited storage capacity leading to a total seasonal electric load shift of 631.8 kWh/a and 181.7 kWh/a, respectively. This shift, referred to as virtual battery effect, provided through long-term thermal energy storage is large compared to typical electric battery capacities installed in buildings. This highlights the significance of building-integrated long-term thermal energy storage for provision of energy flexibility to the electricity grid and hence for the integration of renewables in our energy system.

scholarly journals Impact of DSM on Energy Management in a Single-Family House with a Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Installation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5476
Author(s):  
Sławomir Zator ◽  
Waldemar Skomudek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Self ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Family House

This article presents a case study of a single-family house, whose current energy source is electricity only. Nine years ago, the heat source for the heating system and domestic hot water was an oil boiler, which was changed to an air–water heat pump. Four years ago, when Poland formed the basis of the prosumer market, the first photovoltaic system was established. It was expanded in the following years. In this work are presented the impact of using a heat accumulator on the coefficient of performance of the heat pump, the self-consumption of energy from the photovoltaic system, and the cost of purchasing energy. Comparative calculations were made, with the demand-side management (DSM) active on work days, and on free days (weekends and public holidays) it was not. Attention was paid to the self-consumption factor depending on the algorithms used in an energy meter. The prosumer market in Poland was also described. The calculations described the house as having an annual energy self-consumption from photovoltaic about 6% higher than average values obtained in buildings with heat pumps. Simultaneously, due to energy storage in heat and the load shifting in the multi-zone tariff, the cost of purchasing energy was 47% lower than in a single-zone tariff (without heat storage and load shifting).

Analysis of an Integrated Thermal Energy System for Applications in Cold Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Bismark Addo-Binney ◽  
Wahid Besada ◽  
Martin Agelin-Chaab
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This paper performed analyses on a proposed direct wind-powered heat pump integrated with a pond which serves as an evaporator for space heating in cold regions. The analysis was conducted using environmental data for selected locations in Canada and the Engineering Equation Solver. Three different pairings of heat pumps and wind turbines were studied (a wind-powered heat pump with a pond as an evaporator, a wind-powered heat pump without a pond, and an electricity-powered heat pump). Energy and exergy analyses were performed on the systems. The novelty in the present study is in the use of a wind turbine to directly power the heat pump and using a pond as the evaporator. The results show that the proposed system has the highest coefficient of performance compared to the others. The average coefficient of performance for the selected locations is 2.7, which is at least 67% better than the others. Similarly, the overall exergy for the proposed system is 16.9%, which is at least 40% better than the others. The average heating capacity of the selected locations for the proposed system is 4.5 kW, which is from 29% to 300% better than the others. Additionally, the sustainability index for the proposed system is the highest for the proposed system. The results have shown that the proposed system has superior overall performance for space heating in cold regions.

Photovoltaic thermal collector assisted heat pumps using environment-friendly working fluids

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440892094736
Author(s):  
AA Ammar ◽  
K Sopian ◽  
M Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Thermal Evaporator

In this research, a photovoltaic-thermal collector assisted heat pump has been developed and tested its performance under the tropical climatic conditions of Malaysia. The refrigerants such as, R134a and R1234yf were selected based on its thermodynamic and thermo-physical properties. The temperature of the photovoltaic module was theoretically predicted under the influence of tube diameter, tube spacing and refrigerant mass flow rate. Further, the energy performance of the photovoltaic-thermal evaporator and the heat pump system are investigated experimentally. Finally, the economical feasibility of the photovoltaic-thermal collector evaporator was assessed for the period of 20 years. The results showed that, the tube spacing and diameter of the copper tubes used in the photovoltaic-thermal evaporator/collector using R134a and R1234yf were optimized to 80 mm and 12.7 mm, respectively. It was observed that, during the clear sunny day, the average photovoltaic module temperature was reduced to 30.9 °C under the influence of panel cooling using refrigerant. The output of the panel was enhanced by 21%–44% with increase in solar radiation from 400 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2. The coefficient of performance of the heat pump was varied from 4.8 to 6.84 with an average coefficient of performance of 5.8 during clear sunny days. The life cycle economic analysis indicated that, the photovoltaic-thermal collector evaporator assisted heat pump has a payback period of 3 years, whereas the reference photovoltaic system has a payback period of 8 years.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Advisability of Using an Air-Source Heat Pump in a Single Family House in Poland and Spain

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Agata Witkowska ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Family House

In recent years, modern and energy-saving solutions, such as heat pumps or solar collectors, have enjoyed great popularity in the heating and cooling sector, which is conditioned by political and environmental factors. The aim of this paper was to analyze the advisability of the employment of renewable energy sources, such as a heat pump, for heating and cooling in single-family buildings in Poland and Spain. Based on the calculations made for a traditional house, located in two cities with different climatic conditions—Wroclaw and Cordoba, the heat losses and gains were determined. On that basis, the heating and cooling demand for these locations were calculated and next—taking into account the obtained results—reversible air–water heat pumps were selected. In addition, the investment expenditures for purchase and assembly of the heat pumps were estimated, as well as the operating costs of the installation. After a deep analysis, it was found that the total cost of using an air-source heat pump, is almost 44% lower for Cordoba, than for Wroclaw.

scholarly journals Impact of location characteristics on renewable energy production for a group of buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00084
Author(s):  
Krystian Szczerbak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Northern Regions

The climate in Poland is slightly disparate in each region. The differences in temperature not always come along with the intensity of solar radiation in 5 climate zones. South of the country is colder, but well irradiated by the Sun and northern regions have milder climate, but are less irradiated. This fact alone makes people consider the suitability and safety of using renewable energy sources such as air-to-water heat pumps, solar collectors and photovoltaics instead of more traditional, fossil fuel powered sources. This paper presents a comparison analysis of energy demand and the cost for heating in a group of single-family buildings by 4 variants (gas boiler, gas boiler and solar collectors, air-to-water heat pump, air-to-water heat pump and photovoltaics) in 5 chosen cities in each polish climate zone. Calculations were done for space heating and domestic hot water energy demand, CO2 emissions and cumulative costs for all variants and locations. The results confirm the inconsistency of polish climate and have shown profitability and utility of renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Enhancing Heating Performance of Low-Temperature Air Source Heat Pumps Using Compressor Casing Thermal Storage

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongbao Liu ◽  
Fengfei Lou ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
Yiyao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
Vapor Injection

Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are widely recognized as energy-saving and environmentally friendly heating and air-conditioning equipment with broad applications. However, when conventional ASHPs are operated at a low ambient temperature, they suffer from problems such as high discharge temperature and low heating efficiency. To address these problems, this study designed a new type of dual evaporator combined with a compressor casing thermal storage heat pump system (DE-CCTS) on the basis of a low-temperature air source heat pump water heater with enhanced vapor injection (EVI). The proposed DE-CCTS used thermal storage phase change material (PCM), which was filled in the secondary evaporator (the thermal storage heat exchanger), to recover the waste heat of the compressor casing. Unlike that in the original system under different ambient temperatures, the suction temperature increased by 0.1–1 °C, the discharge temperature decreased by 0.1–0.5 °C, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of DE-CCTS increased by 0.85–4.72% under the proposed system. These effects were especially evident at low temperatures.

scholarly journals CASE ANALYSIS OF HEAT PUMP INTEGRATION IN DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Artur Rogoža ◽  
Giedrius Šiupšinskas ◽  
Juozas Bielskus
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Carrier ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heat Demand

The installation of heat pumps in district heating (DH) systems is one of the most promising technologies to increase the efficiency of heat supply by using renewable energy sources and reducing heat carrier temperatures in the networks. The possibilities of installing heat pumps in DH systems are very wide, but most often the main purpose of their application is to increase the temperature of the supplied heat carrier at the heat substations of individual consumers or their groups. This paper describes a study that analyzed the possibilities of integrating an individual heat pump at a heat substation in a building to reduce the temperature of the heat carrier in the return line. The results of the study revealed the dependences of the reduction of the heat demand of the building from the DH network, the power of the heat pump, the coefficient of performance (COP), and the reduction of the return temperature.

scholarly journals Heat Pump Bridge Analysis Using the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Florian Schlosser ◽  
Heinrich Wiebe ◽  
Timothy G. Walmsley ◽  
Martin J. Atkins ◽  
Michael R. W. Walmsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Composite Curve ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Heat pumps are the key technology to decarbonise thermal processes by upgrading industrial surplus heat using renewable electricity. Existing insight-based integration methods refer to the idealised Grand Composite Curve requiring the full exploitation of heat recovery potential but leave the question of how to deal with technical or economic limitations unanswered. In this work, a novel Heat Pump Bridge Analysis (HPBA) is introduced for practically targeting technical and economic heat pump potential by applying Coefficient of Performance curves into the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram (METD). Removing cross-Pinch violations and operating heat exchangers at minimum approach temperatures by combined application of Bridge Analysis increases the heat recovery rate and reduce the temperature lift to be pumped at the same time. The insight-based METD allows the individual matching of heat surpluses and deficits of individual streams with the capabilities and performance of different market-available heat pump concepts. For an illustrative example, the presented modifications based on HPBA increase the economically viable share of the technical heat pump potential from 61% to 79%.

scholarly journals Factors Shaping A/W Heat Pumps CO₂ Emissions—Evidence from Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Piotr Jadwiszczak ◽  
Jakub Jurasz ◽  
Bartosz Kaźmierczak ◽  
Elżbieta Niemierka ◽  
Wandong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power System ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Mix

Heating and cooling sectors contribute to approximately 50% of energy consumption in the European Union. Considering the fact that heating is mostly based on fossil fuels, it is then evident that its decarbonization is one of the crucial tasks for achieving climate change prevention goals. At the same time, electricity sectors across the globe are undergoing a rapid transformation in order to accommodate the growing capacities of non-dispatchable solar and wind generators. One of the proposed solutions to achieve heating sector decarbonization and non-dispatchable generators power system integration is sector coupling, where heat pumps are perceived as a perfect fit. Air source heat pumps enable a rapid improvement in local air quality by replacing conventional heating sources, but at the same time, they put additional stress on the power system. The emissions associated with heat pump operation are a combination of power system energy mix, weather conditions and heat pump technology. Taking the above into consideration, this paper presents an approach to estimate which of the mentioned factors has the highest impact on heat pump emissions. Due to low air quality during the heating season, undergoing a power system transformation (with a relatively low share of renewables) in a case study located in Poland is considered. The results of the conducted analysis revealed that for a scenario where an air-to-water (A/W) heat pump is supposed to cover space and domestic hot water load, its CO2 emissions are shaped by country-specific energy mix (55.2%), heat pump technology (coefficient of performance) (33.9%) and, to a lesser extent, by changing climate (10.9%). The outcome of this paper can be used by policy makers in designing decarbonization strategies and funding distribution.

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