scholarly journals Biogas Upgrading Via Dry Reforming Over a Ni-Sn/CeO2-Al2O3 Catalyst: Influence of the Biogas Source

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle le Saché ◽  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Laura Pastor-Pérez ◽  
Bahman Amini Horri ◽  
Tomas Reina

Biogas is a renewable, as well as abundant, fuel source which can be utilised in the production of heat and electricity as an alternative to fossil fuels. Biogas can additionally be upgraded via the dry reforming reactions into high value syngas. Nickel-based catalysts are well studied for this purpose but have shown little resilience to deactivation caused by carbon deposition. The use of bi-metallic formulations, as well as the introduction of promoters, are hence required to improve catalytic performance. In this study, the effect of varying compositions of model biogas (CH4/CO2 mixtures) on a promising multicomponent Ni-Sn/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was investigated. For intermediate temperatures (650 °C), the catalyst displayed good levels of conversions in a surrogate sewage biogas (CH4/CO2 molar ratio of 1.5). Little deactivation was observed over a 20 h stability run, and greater coke resistance was achieved, related to a reference catalyst. Hence, this research confirms that biogas can suitably be used to generate H2-rich syngas at intermediate temperatures provided a suitable catalyst is employed in the reaction.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle le Saché ◽  
Andrea Alvarez Moreno ◽  
Tomas Ramirez Reina

Biogas is defined as the mixture of CH4 and CO2 produced by the anaerobic digestion of biomass. This particular mixture can be transformed in high valuable intermediates such as syngas through a process known as dry reforming (DRM). The reaction involved is highly endothermic, and catalysts capable to endure carbon deposition and metal particle sintering are required. Ni-pyrochlore catalysts have shown outstanding results in the DRM. However, most reported data deals with CH4/CO2 stoichiometric ratios resulting is a very narrow picture of the overall biogas upgrading via DRM. Therefore, this study explores the performance of an optimized Ni-doped pyrochlore, and Ni-impregnated pyrochlore catalysts in the dry reforming of methane, under different CH4/CO2 ratios, in order to simulate various representatives waste biomass feedstocks. Long-term stability tests showed that the ratio CH4/CO2 in the feed gas stream has an important influence in the catalysts' deactivation. Ni doped pyrochlore catalyst, presents less deactivation than the Ni-impregnated pyrochlore. However, biogas mixtures with a CH4 content higher than 60%, lead to a stronger deactivation in both Ni-catalysts. These results were in agreement with the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the post reacted samples that showed a very limited carbon formation when using biogas mixtures with CH4 content <60%, but CH4/CO2 ratios higher than 1.25 lead to an evident carbon deposition. TGA analysis of the post reacted Ni impregnated pyrochlore, showed the highest amount of carbon deposited, even with lower stoichiometric CH4/CO2 ratios. The later result indicates that stabilization of Ni in the pyrochlore structure is vital, in order to enhance the coke resistance of this type of catalysts.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1759-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Xu ◽  
Zhichao Miao ◽  
Huanling Song ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Lingjun Chou

The significant roles of mesostructure and basic modifier in improving the catalytic performance of dry reforming were investigated.


Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Ho-Ryong Park ◽  
Beom-Jun Kim ◽  
Yeol-Lim Lee ◽  
Seon-Yong Ahn ◽  
Kyoung-Jin Kim ◽  
...  

Research is being actively conducted to improve the carbon deposition and sintering resistance of Ni-based catalysts. Among them, the Al2O3-supported Ni catalyst has been broadly studied for the dry reforming reaction due to its high CH4 activity at the beginning of the reaction. However, there is a problem of deactivation due to carbon deposition of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst and sintering of Ni, which is a catalytically active material. Supplementing MgO in Ni/Al2O3 catalyst can result in an improved MgAl2O4 spinel structure and basicity, which can be helpful for the activation of methane and carbon dioxide molecules. In order to confirm the optimal supports’ ratio in Ni/MgO-Al2O3 catalysts, the catalysts were prepared by supporting Ni after controlling the MgO:Al2O3 ratio stepwise, and the prepared catalysts were used for CO2 reforming of CH4 (CDR) using coke oven gas (COG). The catalytic reaction was conducted at 800 °C and at a high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV = 1,500,000 h−1) to screen the catalytic performance. The Ni/MgO-Al2O3 (MgO:Al2O3 = 3:7) catalyst showed the best catalytic performance between prepared catalysts. From this study, the ratio of MgO:Al2O3 was confirmed to affect not only the basicity of the catalyst but also the dispersion of the catalyst and the reducing property of the catalyst surface.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Nikolaos D. Charisiou ◽  
Georgios I. Siakavelas ◽  
Victor Sebastian ◽  
Steven J. Hinder ◽  
Mark A. Baker ◽  
...  

Ni catalysts based on Al2O3 and Al2O3 modified with CaO-MgO were tested for the dry reforming of biogas (BDR). Time-on-stream experiments were carried out between 600 and 800 °C, and the spent catalysts were examined using a variety of characterization techniques including, N2 adsorption/desorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy (STEM-HAADF and HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was revealed that the carbon deposits consisted of carbon nanotubes and amorphous carbon for both samples. XPS studies showed the presence of Ni0 on both catalysts and Ni2O3/NiAl2O4 on the Ni/Al2O3 sample. The time-on-stream experiments showed that the Ni/CaO-MgO-Al2O3 catalyst is more resistant to deactivation and more active and selective for all temperatures under investigation. It was concluded that doping Al2O3 with CaO-MgO enhances catalytic performance as: (a) it helps to maintain highly dispersed Ni0 during the BDR as the interaction between metal and support is a stronger one, (b) it leads to the formation of carbon structures that are easier to oxidize, and (c) it facilitates the gasification of the carbon deposits because its increased surface basic sites enhance the adsorption of carbon dioxide.


Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Yuebing Xu ◽  
...  

Ni catalysts supported on SiO2 are prepared via a facile combustion method. Both glycine fuel and ammonium nitrate combustion improver facilitate the formation of much smaller Ni nanoparticles, which give excellent activity and stability, as well as a syngas with a molar ratio of H2/CO of about 1:1 due to the minimal side reaction toward revserse water gas shift (RWGS) in CH4 dry reforming.


2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Araiza ◽  
Francisco González-Vigi ◽  
Antonio Gómez-Cortés ◽  
Jesús Arenas-Alatorre ◽  
Gabriela Díaz

Abstract. Platinum catalysts (1.5 wt. %) supported over CeO2 and γ-Al2O3 were synthesized via wet impregnation using two different Pt precursors: H2PtCl6 and Pt(acac)2. Catalysts were tested in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction at stoichiometric conditions (CH4/CO2 molar ratio of 1) with two approaches: as a function of temperature (400-800 °C) and as a function of time on-stream (800 °C / 24 h). Platinum supported over ceria catalysts showed better catalytic properties, especially in the stability tests, where deactivation was almost negligible. In contrast, alumina-supported catalysts stability was considerably lower due to the increased formation of carbon residues and the significant Pt particle sintering after reaction at 800 °C for 24 h. Through different characterization techniques (TEM, CO chemisorption), a strong Pt-Ceria interaction was evidenced, which helped in preventing Pt particle agglomeration under reaction conditions and promoted active interface sites. Both features are proposed to be responsible for the Pt/CeO2 catalysts better catalytic performance. The effect of the Pt precursor depends on the nature of the support. In ceria, Cl species benefited the generation of oxygen vacancies and surface ceria reducibility; both features are responsible for the Pt/CeO2 anti-coke properties, thus impacting positively in the catalytic performance of the Pt(-cl)/Ce sample. Conversely, in alumina, these Cl species triggered particle sintering and carbon deposition during the DRM reaction, affecting the Pt(-cl)/Al catalytic performance.                                                Resumen. Catalizadores de platino (1.5 % en peso) soportados sobre CeO2 y γ-Al2O3 fueron sintetizados mediante impregnación húmeda utilizando dos diferentes precursores de Pt: H2PtCl6 and Pt(acac)2. Los catalizadores fueron evaluados en la reacción de reformado seco de metano (DRM) en condiciones estequiométricas (razón molar de CH4/CO2 igual a 1) y con dos metodologías: en función de la temperatura de reacción (400-800 °C) y en función del tiempo de reacción (800 °C / 24 h). Los catalizadores de platino soportados sobre ceria mostraron las mejores propiedades catalíticas, especialmente en las pruebas de estabilidad, donde la desactivación fue muy baja. Por el contrario, la estabilidad catalítica de las muestras soportadas en alúmina fue considerablemente menor, debido tanto a la formación de residuos de carbón como al sinterizado de partículas de Pt. Por medio diferentes técnicas de caracterización (TEM, Quimisorción de CO), se evidenció una fuerte interacción Pt-Ceria, la cual ayudó a prevenir la aglomeración de partículas de Pt durante la reacción, además de promover la generación de sitios activos interfaciales. Ambas características se proponen como las responsables de las mejores propiedades catalíticas presentadas por los catalizadores Pt/CeO2. El efecto del precursor del Pt depende de la naturaleza del soporte. En ceria, las especies de cloro beneficiaron la generación de sitios vacantes de oxígeno así como la reducción superficial de la ceria; ambas características son responsables de las propiedades anti-coque en el sistema Pt/CeO2, por lo tanto, estas impactaron positivamente en el desempeño catalítico de la muestra Pt(-cl)/Ce. Por el contrario, en la alúmina, estas especies cloradas aparentemente promovieron el sinterizado de partículas y los depósitos de carbono durante la reacción, lo cual afectó el desempeño catalítico de la muestra Pt(-cl)/Al.


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