scholarly journals High-Efficiency Cogeneration Systems: The Case of the Paper Industry in Italy

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gambini ◽  
Michela Vellini ◽  
Tommaso Stilo ◽  
Michele Manno ◽  
Sara Bellocchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Definition Of

In January 2011, the introduction of high-efficiency cogeneration in Europe radically modified the incentive scheme for combined heat and power (CHP) plants. Since then, the techno-economic feasibility of new cogeneration plants in different areas of application (industry, service, residential, etc.), along with the definition of their optimal operation, have inevitably undergone a radical change. In particular, with reference to the Italian case and according to the most recent ministerial guidelines following the new EU regulation, in the event that cogeneration power plants do not reach an established value in terms of overall efficiency, their operation has to be split into a CHP and a non-CHP portion with incentives proportional to the energy quantities pertaining to the CHP portion only. In the framework of high-efficiency cogeneration, the present study compares different CHP solutions to be coupled with the paper industry that, among all the industrial processes, appears to be the best suited for cogeneration applications. With reference to this particular industrial reality, energy, environmental, and economic performance parameters have been defined, analysed, and compared with the help of GateCycle software. Among the proposed CHP alternatives, results show that gas turbines are the most appropriate technology for paper industry processes.

Renewable Energy: Myths, Legends, and Reality

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Powell ◽  
Thomas W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
The Us

With many States setting goals in the 2010–2020 timeframe for increased U.S. electricity production from renewable energy sources totaling nearly 100,000 MW nationwide, innovative solutions are required; as well as the suspension of several myths of conventional wisdom concerning renewable energy. Since Wind, Hydro and Solar are “opportunity” energy supplies not necessarily available when electricity demands are high; there is a great need for a renewable, “dispatchable” energy source that would be available anytime. Building on the experience of the Pulp and Paper Industry, waste-wood fueled IGCC units of 100MW size are practical today; and new gasification technologies being developed for power plants promise high efficiency, and competitive electricity pricing. With these new IGCC technologies, the US Department of Agriculture estimates there is more than enough wood waste to meet the renewable energy goals currently being considered, cost-competitively and environmentally responsibly.

The Gas Turbine Family GT13E and GT13E2 Provides Reliable Power for Asia

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Gnädig
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Prime Movers

Many Asian countries are experiencing economic growth which averages 5–10% per year. This environment has led to a privatization process in the power generation industry from typically state-run utilities to a system in which a federal agency oversees a market divided by private utilities and independent power producers (IPP) with the need for high efficiency, reliable power generation running on natural gas and diesel oil. In the 50 Hz market, modem, high efficient gas turbines of the type GT13E and GT13E2 have been chosen as prime movers in many combined cycle power plants in Asian countries. This paper includes a product description, and a general overview of GT13E and GT13E2 operating experience, well as an economic evaluation of a typical 500 MW combined cycle power plant.

Integrated Micro-Turbine and Rotary-Kiln Pyrolysis System as a Waste to Energy Solution for a Small Town in Central Italy: Cost Positioning and Global Warming Assessment

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fantozzi ◽  
Francesco Di Maria ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Innovative Technology

Solid waste, and bio-residuals in general, are usually disposed of or alternatively converted into energy by means of medium to big scale power plants. For isolated communities, usually in protected natural areas, this turns into high energy and waste management costs because of their intrinsic distance from landfills and power plants. Considering also the electric dependency from the grid, small towns are commonly showing low sustainability. This paper focuses on both problems by evaluating the economic feasibility and the global warming contribution of an innovative micro scale waste to energy system based on a microturbine fuelled by waste pyrolysis gas. The plant reaches high efficiency, considering the scale, because of its high regenerative rate and is tailored to the waste disposal needs of Giano Dell’Umbria a small town in central Italy. The economic analysis was carried out, with the Net Present Value method, to determine the expected capital cost of the plant considering that the innovative technology utilized does not allow a reliable cost evaluation. The global warming contribution was calculated considering CO2 and CH4 avoided emission from landfilling and the better CO2 emission rate of such a technology with respect to the status quo. Results obtained show an acceptable cost positioning for the plant that makes it an interesting solution for distributed waste to energy systems. Executive projecting and construction of the proposed technology was funded and a pilot plant will be built and tested in 2002, in a laboratory facility of the University of Perugia.

Trial Operations of Unit No. 1 Group 690 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant of Shin-Oita Power Station

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nogami ◽  
N. Ando ◽  
Y. Noguchi ◽  
K. Takahashi ◽  
T. Iwamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Stopping Time ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Target Values

Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc., in constructing the recently completed first phase of the No. 1 Group of Shin-Oita Power Plant, Oita Prefecture (Kyushu Island), achieved further improvements over previous combined cycle plants, especially in the area of plant overall operation. It is composed of six combined cycle power units of the single-shaft, non-reheat type, based on Hitachi-GE MS7001E gas turbines, with a total output of 690 MW. Trial operations of the first unit began in May, 1990. Commercial operations of the first unit began in November 1990, and the last unit in June, 1991. The NO.1 Group incorporates two major advances over previous combined cycle plants. The first advance is a two-stage multiple nozzle dry-type low-NOx combustor. This combustor is a new development for keeping the level of NOx emissions below 62.5 ppm (16% O2 at gas turbine exhaust). The second advance is a new functionally and hierarchically distributed digital control system. By the control system, the plant was designed to bring the following notable features: 1 The individual units can be started and stopped automatically from the load dispatching directive center at the head office. 2 The plant can be operated for high efficiency with short starting and stopping time and large load variations. 3 Plant operating characteristics for emergency operations can be improved remarkably, for instance, load run back operations and fast cut back operation, etc. The results of trial operations have shown that the output per unit is about 0.5 to 4.2% higher, and the unit efficiency about 1.9 to 3.7% higher, than the planned values (all percentages relative), and tangible improvements and starting characteristics and load fluctuation are also satisfactory with the specified target values in the overall operation of the plant over that of previous combined cycle power plants. This plant has satisfactorily been operated since the start of commercial operation.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Support Mechanisms for New CHPs: The Case of Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5635
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Zamasz ◽  
Radosław Kapłan ◽  
Przemysław Kaszyński ◽  
Piotr W. Saługa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Capacity Market ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for energy on a global scale, as well as the social pressure related to counteracting the effects of climate change, has created favourable conditions for the transformation of energy sectors towards the possession of low-emission generation sources. This situation, however, requires investment actions in order to modernise the existing power and CHP (Combined Heat and Power) plants and construct new units. These issues, together with the climate and energy policy pursued by the European Union, are the main reasons for the emergence of various governmental mechanisms supporting the replacement of old coal power units with highly efficient cogeneration units based on gas turbines and other units. The support may take different forms. This article discusses two examples of mechanisms available on the Polish market, i.e., (i) the capacity market and (ii) promoting electricity from high-efficiency cogeneration in the form of individual cogeneration premium. The purpose and novelty of the analysis was to identify the pros and cons and the key parameters which determine the advantage of a given mechanism. Both these mechanisms have been characterised and then compared via the example of a planned cogeneration gas unit (an open cycle gas turbine—OCGT). This assessment was made using discount methods based on the FCFF (free cashflow to company) approach. The analysis did not bring forward an unequivocal answer as to the absolute advantage of any of the solutions, but it was able to point out significant problems related to their practical use.

A New Algorithm for Scheduling Condition-Based Maintenance of Gas Turbines

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yavuz Yılmaz ◽  
Rainer Kurz ◽  
Ayşe Özmen ◽  
Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Complex Data

In developed electricity markets, the deregulation boosted competition among companies participating in the electricity market. Therefore, the enhanced reliability and availability of gas turbine systems is an industry obligation. Not only providing the available power with minimum operation and maintenance costs, but also guaranteeing high efficiency are additional requisites and efficiency loss of the power plants leads to a loss of money for the electricity generation companies. Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) is a modern methodology of statistical learning, data mining and estimation theory that is significant in both regression and classification is a form of flexible non-parametric regression analysis capable of modeling complex data. In this study, single shaft, 6MW class industrial gas turbines located at various sites have been monitored. The performance monitoring of a gas turbine consisted of hourly measurements of various input variables over an extended period of time. Using such measurements, predictive models for gas turbine heat rate and the gas turbine axial compressor discharge pressure values have been generated. The measured values have been compared with the values obtained as a result of the MARS models. The MARS-based models are obtained with the combination of gas turbine performance input and target variables and the complementary meteorological data. The results are presented, discussed, and conclusions are drawn for modern energy and cost efficient gas turbine and power plant maintenance management as the outcomes of this study.

scholarly journals Whisper and Roar

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (07) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
Almost All

This article focuses on the use of gas turbines for electrical power, mechanical drive, and marine applications. Marine gas turbines are used to generate electrical power for propulsion and shipboard use. Combined-cycle electric power plants, made possible by the gas turbine, continue to grow in size and unmatched thermal efficiency. These plants combine the use of the gas turbine Brayton cycle with that of the steam turbine Rankine cycle. As future combined cycle plants are introduced, we can expect higher efficiencies to be reached. Since almost all recent and new U.S. electrical power plants are powered by natural gas-burning, high-efficiency gas turbines, one has solid evidence of their contribution to the greenhouse gas reduction. If coal-fired thermal power plants, with a fuel-to-electricity efficiency of around 33%, are swapped out for combined-cycle power plants with efficiencies on the order of 60%, it will lead to a 70% reduction in carbon emissions per unit of electricity produced.

Development and Implementation of Repair Processes for Refurbishment of W501F, Row 1 Turbine Blades

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Curtis ◽  
Warren Miglietti ◽  
Michael Pelle
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Basis ◽  
Repair Procedure ◽  
Crack Repair ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

In recent years, orders for new land-based gas turbines have skyrocketed, as the planning, construction and commissioning of new power plants based on combined-cycle technology advances at an unprecedented pace. It is estimated that 65–70% of these new equipment orders is for high-efficiency, advanced “F”, “G” or “H” class machines. The W501F/FC/FD gas turbine, an “F” class machine currently rated at 186.5 MW (simple cycle basis), has entered service in significant numbers. It is therefore of prime interest to owners/operators of this gas turbine to have sound component refurbishment capabilities available to support maintenance requirements. Processes to refurbish the Row 1 turbine blade, arguably the highest “frequency of replacement” component in the combustion and hot sections of the turbine, were recently developed. Procedures developed include removal of brazed tip plates, coating removal, rejuvenation heat treatment, full tip replacement utilizing electron beam (EB) and automated micro-plasma transferred arc (PTA), joining methods, proprietary platform crack repair and re-coating. This paper describes repair procedure development and implementation for each stage of the process, and documents the metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of the repaired regions of the component.

Underground Coal Gasification for Power Generation: High Efficiency and CO2-Emissions

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Blinderman ◽  
Bernard Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Western World ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Thick Coal Seam ◽  
Wide Range

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a gasification process carried out in non-mined coal seams using injection and production wells drilled from the surface, enabling the coal to be converted into product gas. The UCG process practiced by Ergo Exergy is called Exergy UCG or εUCG. εUCG was applied in the Chinchilla UCG-IGCC Project in Australia. The IGCC project in Chinchilla, Australia has been under development since July 1999. The project involves construction of the underground gasifier and demonstration of UCG technology, and installation of the power island. Since December 1999 the plant has been making gas continuously, and its maximum capacity is 80,000 Nm3/h. Approximately 32,000 tonnes of coal have been gasified, and 100% availability of gas production has been demonstrated over 30 months of operation. The UCG operation in Chinchilla is the largest and the longest to date in the Western world. The εUCG facility at Chinchilla has used air injection, and produced a low BTU gas of about 5.0 MJ/m3 at a pressure of 10 barg (145 psig) and temperature of 300° C (570° F). It included 9 process wells that have been producing gas manufactured from a 10 m thick coal seam at the depth of about 140 m. The process displayed high efficiency and consistency in providing gas of stable quality and quantity. The results of operations in Chinchilla to date have demonstrated that εUCG can consistently provide gas of stable quantity and quality for IGCC power projects at very low cost enabling the UCG-IGCC plant to compete with coal-fired power stations. This has been done in full compliance with rigorous environmental regulations. A wide range of gas turbines can be used for UCG-IGCC applications. The turbines using UCG gas will demonstrate an increase in output by up to 25% compared to natural gas. The power block efficiency reaches 55%, while the overall efficiency of the UCG-IGCC process can reach 43%. A UCG-IGCC power plant will generate electricity at a much lower cost than existing or proposed fossil fuel power plants. CO2 emissions of the plant can be reduced to a level 55% less than those of a supercritical coal-fired plant and 25% less than the emissions of NG CC.

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