scholarly journals Research on the Comprehensive Performance of Hygroscopic Materials in an Office Building Based on EnergyPlus

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui Yu ◽  
Yumeng Cui ◽  
Yifei Shao ◽  
Fuhong Han
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis ◽  
Passive Materials ◽  
Moisture Buffering

This paper presents the research status of hygroscopic materials, points out the weak links as targets for major breakthroughs, and introduces humidifying mechanisms and their categories. In this paper, we simulated a single-monomer Shenyang office building with different envelopes of inner-surface hygroscopic materials for indoor humidity conditions, energy consumption, and economy, which are three aspects of energy consumption analysis in EnergyPlus software. To obtain the best moisture buffering performance from hygroscopic materials, we also simulated different cases including the laying area, ventilation strategy, thickness, and initial moisture content of different hygroscopic materials. The humidity fluctuation, with changes in the style of hygroscopic materials and usage conditions, of a room in a building can be analyzed by numerical simulation. This allows the determination of the best moisture buffering performance of the building structure. The results show that hygroscopic materials have great advantages in three energy saving aspects of building assessment. Hygroscopic materials can regulate indoor air humidity and reduce energy consumption. In addition, the entire life-cycle cost can be minimized. Lower rates of air exchange and larger usable areas can help enhance the level of performance of hygroscopic materials. The thickness and initial moisture content of hygroscopic materials have little impact on the moisture buffering value. This study strived to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the production and installation of hygroscopic materials. It also promoted the passive materials market and the building’s energy savings. The best moisture buffering performance, evaluated at room level in this paper, can be obtained through real-world environmental simulation.

Reducing Energy Consumption of Pneumatic Artificial Muscles With Component Integration

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Christ ◽  
Tad Driver ◽  
Xiangrong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Component Integration ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Saving Effect

Pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) is a class of flexible muscle-like actuator with low structure weight and high power density. In this paper, an integrated PAM design is presented, which incorporates peripheral elements, especially the control valves, in the interior space of the actuator to reduce the size and complexity of the entire system. More importantly, the incorporated components are expected to largely eliminate the dead volume in the PAM actuator, and improve its energy efficiency. An energy consumption analysis is presented, which estimates the maximum percentage of achievable energy savings. A practical design, incorporating standard poppet valves is also presented. To demonstrate the energy saving effect of the proposed design, experiments were conducted with a commercial PAM actuator modified to incorporate a solid bar. Experimental results indicate an energy savings of up to 13%, which is expected to increase significantly with the custom-made integrated PAM actuators in the future.

scholarly journals Heating and cooling requirement of an office building and urban rooftop greenhouse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Potential Impact

Urban agriculture is an important step towards food security in cities where rooftop space is abundant, and underused. This research addresses the potential impact of adding a rooftop greenhouse to a six storey, detached office building on the total heating and cooling energy consumption of both structures operated year‐round, using IES‐VE simulation software. Several variables including the level of insulation between the office building and greenhouse, additional thermal mass, the greenhouse envelope and greenhouse internal loads were tested to observe trends that suggest an impact on the system’s conditioning energy due to the presence of the greenhouse. Overall, it was found to be most likely that the greatest energy savings for an integrated office building and rooftop greenhouse would be achieved with the highest resistance greenhouse envelope possible, which may be limited by the light needs of plants grown in the greenhouse, and incorporation of thermal mass in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Analysis on Photovoltaic Energy-Assisted Drying of Green Peas

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Taşkın ◽  
Nazmi İzli ◽  
Ali Vardar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Green Peas

A photovoltaic energy-assisted industrial dryer has been analyzed. The dryer has been tested in various weather and working conditions with 3 kg of green peas from 75.6% initial moisture content to 20% final moisture content (w.b.). The effect of various drying air temperatures at three levels (40, 50, and 60°C) and two distinct air velocities (3 m/s and 4 m/s) was examined. Drying performance was assessed with regard to criteria including drying kinetics, specific and total energy consumption, and color and rehydration ratio. The results have proved that total drying duration reduces as air velocity rate and drying air temperature raise. Relying upon the drying durations, the generation performances of photovoltaic panels were between 5.261 and 3.953 W. On the other part, energy consumptions of dryer were between 37.417 and 28.111 W. The best specific energy consumption was detected in 50°C at 3 m/s for 600 minutes with 7.616 kWh/kg. All drying conditions caused darkening as color parameters. Rehydration assays have showed that rehydrated green peas attained higher capacity with raised air temperature and air velocity.

Energy Consumption Analysis of Thermal Regeneration of Activated Cokes Loaded with SO2

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 2457-2460
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Jia Qiu Song ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Chun Yuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Generation ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis

The energy consumption of thermal generation of activated cokes (ACs) loaded with SO2 was analyzed. The ACs regeneration process can be divided into four stages, and the stage of ACs’ temperature rising from water boiling point to regeneration temperature consumes about 50% or even more energy of the entire process. The ACs’ moisture adsorption ratio or the moisture content might be the critical factor which influences the total energy consumption. Reducing the moisture content of ACs by increasing operation temperature of FGD, choosing a proper regeneration temperature and recycling waste heat to dry ACs would be effective methods to decrease energy consumption of ACs regeneration process.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Dynamic Water Flow Glazing Envelopes: A Case Study with Real Test Facilities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Belen Moreno Santamaria ◽  
Fernando del Ama Gonzalo ◽  
Matthew Griffin ◽  
Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria ◽  
Juan A. Hernandez Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Heating And Cooling

High initial costs hinder innovative technologies for building envelopes. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) should consider energy savings to show relevant economic benefits and potential to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Life Cycle Energy (LCE) should focus on investment, operation, maintenance, dismantling, disposal, and/or recycling for the building. This study compares the LCC and LCE analysis of Water Flow Glazing (WFG) envelopes with traditional double and triple glazing facades. The assessment considers initial, operational, and disposal costs and energy consumption as well as different energy systems for heating and cooling. Real prototypes have been built in two different locations to record real-world data of yearly operational energy. WFG systems consistently showed a higher initial investment than traditional glazing. The final Life Cycle Cost analysis demonstrates that WFG systems are better over the operation phase only when it is compared with a traditional double-glazing. However, a Life Cycle Energy assessment over 50 years concluded that energy savings between 36% and 66% and CO2 emissions reduction between 30% and 70% could be achieved.

MODES OF PRODUCTION SMALL CORN FLAKES IN SEMI-INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
R. Rybchynskiy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Periodic Action ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Corn Flakes ◽  
Production Conditions

The article presents study results of steaming and tempering modes effect on the yield and quality of small corn flakes. Production of small corn flakes was carried out in semi-production conditions on the basis of a test section of the existing machinebuilding operation OLIS Llc, which allowed to get as close as possible to the production conditions. The study consisted of 2 series of experiments: in the first series of experiments, five identical samples of corn grit with an initial moisture content of 13.1% were sent to the steaming stage, where it was subjected to water-heat treatment for a specified period of time (2.5; 5; 7.5, 10 and 12.5 minutes), with increasing steaming time, the tempering time gradually increased by 10 minutes, from 10 to 50 minutes, respectively. In the second series of experiments, the grit was moistened by cold conditioning to a predetermined moisture content of 16±0.25%, moistened for 12 hours, and then moistened grit was subjected to water-heat treatment at the same parameters as in the first series. The initial sample of corn grit No. 4 was obtained in the factory and had the following quality indicators: moisture content – 13.1%; ash content – 0.58%; the starch content – 71.1%. The technological scheme of small corn flakes production in semi-production conditions included the following steps: grit moistening by a special device that sprays water for 15-20 seconds, and wetting in special sealed containers of grit samples (if necessary); grit steaming in the steamer camera of periodic action of EPP-1; tempering for 10-50 minutes in thermostable conditions; flattening of the obtained product on a rolling mill "EVV-1" with smooth rollers at a gap of 0.3-0.4 mm; drying the flattened product on a laboratory dryer; control on the laboratory dispenser RLU-1 (sieving on a sieve No. 067) for extraction of flour products. It was found that as a result of grit steaming with initial moisture content (13.1%) and subsequent flattening in semiproduction conditions a lot of meal was formed – 33.6 and 23.3% with the duration of steaming for 2.5 and 12.5 minutes, respectively, with an ash content of 0.64-0.57% and a starch content of 63.2-63.4%. With the ash content of the original grit of 0.63% and the starch content of 71.1%, it indicated that although moisture penetrated into the inner layers of the grit during conditioning, yet it was not enough on the surface. Therefore, high-ash peripheral grit particles were worse exposed to flattening, crushed and formed meal. Thus, the selected modes of small corn flakes production in semi-production conditions were not sufficient to provide the grit particle with the necessary structural and mechanical changes, and further increase in the duration of processing was impractical, as it significantly increased energy consumption and reduced flakes production productivity. Preliminary wetting of grit to a moisture content of 16±0.25% and subsequent steaming at the same parameters as grit flakes with a starting moisture content of 13.1% showed a significant decrease of flour products output, which amounted to 13.7-7.8% at 2.5 and 12.5 min of steaming, respectively. However, the additional grit moistening before steaming led to an increase in flakes moisture content, which requires higher energy consumption during their drying and bringing them to standards (less than 13.0%), guaranteeing their storage for 6-9 months. The technologically appropriate wet-heat processing mode of corn grit in the production process of flakes in semi-production conditions, to obtain small corn flakes according to the scheme of preliminary wetting of grit, steaming it in a steamer of periodic action, short-term tempering, flattening, drying and control of flakes on meal separation, is a grit moisture content before steaming at 16±2.5%, steaming at atmospheric conditions for 7.5-10 min, duration of tempering – 30-40 min. The obtained flakes do not require cooking, but can be brewed in boiling water for 4-5 minutes.

scholarly journals Retrofitting an Existing Office Building in the UAE Towards Achieving Low-Energy Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2573
Author(s):  
Maatouk Khoukhi ◽  
Abeer Fuad Darsaleh ◽  
Sara Ali
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Existing Building

Retrofitting an existing building can oftentimes be more cost-effective than building a new facility. Since buildings consume a significant amount of energy, particularly for heating and cooling, and because existing buildings comprise the largest segment of the built environment, it is important to initiate energy conservation retrofits to reduce energy consumption and the cost of heating, cooling, and lighting buildings. However, conserving energy is not the only reason for retrofitting existing buildings. The goal should be to create a high-performance building by applying an integrated, whole-building design process to the project during the planning phase that ensures that all key design objectives are met. This paper presents a real case study of the retrofitting of an existing building to achieve lower energy consumption. Indeed, most of the constructed buildings in the UAE are unsuitable for the region, which is characterized by a very harsh climate that causes massive cooling loads and energy consumption due to an appropriate selection of design parameters at the design level. In this study, a monthly computer simulation of energy consumption of an office building in Sharjah was carried out under UAE weather conditions. Several parameters, including the building orientation, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, external shading, window-to-wall ratio, and the U-values of the walls and the roof, were investigated and optimized to achieve lower energy consumption. The simulation shows that the best case is 41.7% more efficient than the real (original) case and 30.6% more than the base case. The most sensitive parameter in the retrofitting alternatives is the roof component, which affects the energy savings by 8.49%, followed by the AC system with 8.34% energy savings if well selected using the base case. Among the selected five components, a new roof structure contributed the most to the decrease in the overall energy consumption (approximately 38%). This is followed by a new HVAC system, which leads to a 37% decrease, followed by a new wall type with insulation, resulting in a 20% decrease.

Isotherm Adsorption Behavior and Drying Kinetics of Black Pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1580-1585
Author(s):  
A. Sae-Khow ◽  
S. Tirawanichakul ◽  
Y. Tirawanichakul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objective of this research were to evaulate equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of black pepper using the gravimetric-static method and to study the drying kinetics of pepper using 1-stage hot air (HA) drying, 1-stage infrared (IR) drying, 2-stages drying with microwave (MW) and IR and 2-stages drying with MW and HA including to the specific energy consumption determination. For the first objective, the five saturated salt solutions were used for providing equlibrate state between pepper and surrounding at temperature ranging of 40-65°C correlated to relative humidity ranging of 10-90%. The results showed that EMC value decreased with increasing temperature at constant relative humidity. To evaluate the EMC value, the experimental data was simulated by four conventional EMC models and the criteria of the best fiiting models were determined by the determination of coefficient (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) value. The results showed that the calculated value using the Modified Oswin model was the most suitable for describing the relationship among equilibrium moisture content, relative humidity and temperature. To study effect of drying condition on drying kinetics, the initial moisture content and final moisture content after drying of papper sample was in ranges of 300-400% dry-basis and 12-16% dry-basis, respectively. The experimetal data were simulsted using empirical drying models and the results showed that the drying temperature relatively affected to drying rate of pepper while the evolution of moisture transfer was in the drying falling ratefor all drying strategies. The 1-stage IR drying and 2-stages drying with MW and IR provided low specific energy consumption (SEC) (0.11-0.15 MJ/kg of water evaporated) compared to the other drying strategies (0.87-1.52 MJ/kg of water evaporated). Moreover, the SEC of pepper drying decreased with increasing of drying temperature.

scholarly journals Drying Rate of Grain Maize

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Ivan Vitázek ◽  
Peter Vereš
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Thermal Drying

Abstract Maize is harvested after reaching maturity when its moisture content generally ranges from 30 % to 34 %, while the optimum moisture for storage is around 14-15 %. This moisture is usually achieved by thermal drying. Apart from initial moisture, the total drying time is affected by the temperature of the drying environment, atmospheric conditions and properties of the dried material. The present paper provides a description of the process of moisture loss and subsequent drying rate of grain maize from various growers. Obtained results are processed in a tabular and graphical form. After 30 minutes of drying, all the maize samples (10 samples two times in total) reached a moisture of 14 % and less, whereas 6 samples already after 20 minutes of drying. The rate of moisture loss was proportional to the initial moisture content. The drying of grain maize is considered one stage of the technological procedure in post-harvest treatment. Moreover, it is an essential preventive measure for wet harvest. Contemporary technologies of maize drying in modern dryers favourably influence the energy consumption in the process while maintaining the qualitative parameters of the dried material.

Primary Research about Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization Strategy of Office Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1666-1669
Author(s):  
Hui Fen Zou ◽  
Ying Chao Fei ◽  
Xiao Zhen Cao ◽  
Sheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Reconstruction Scheme ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis

Based on the energy saving reconstruction of an existing office building in Hangzhou, this paper analysis the building energy consumption through the DEST simulation at the present phase. Then summarize the deficiency and reconstruction of the building, and accordingly we propose a reconstruction scheme for the building which is based on the primary research about the optimization strategy of energy saving. This will provide a strong basis about the energy saving reconstruction direction and the reconstruction emphasis of the office building in hot summer and cold winter area.

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