scholarly journals FLISR Approach for Smart Distribution Networks Using E-Terra Software—A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Le ◽  
Duong Bui ◽  
Cao Ngo ◽  
Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Management System ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Service Restoration ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Terminal Units

A smart grid concept has been defined in recent years, which emphasizes the importance on smart protection and measurement devices, reliable data communication and high security, optimal energy management system, and fault detection, location, isolation and service restoration (FLISR) of distribution networks (DNs). The main objectives of the FLISR approach are to achieve fast fault processing time, reduce the minimum number of interrupted customers, and improve the power supply reliability of the distribution. The conventional FLISR approach is to use signals of fault indicators (FIs) with distribution network states. The discrete installation of FIs to switches or reclosers may slow the processing time of fault detection and location, so it is necessary to develop a more efficient FLISR approach for smart distribution networks using functions of feeder terminal units (FTUs). In this paper, pick-up and tripping signals of overcurrent (OC) relays in combination with distribution grid states (e.g., switching status of devices, loss of voltage…) sent from feeder terminal units (FTUs) are used to detect and locate different fault types. Fault isolation and service restoration of black-out areas are then performed by solving an objective function with two main constraints, including (i) restoring the possible maximum number of out-of-service loads; and (ii) limiting the minimum number of switching operation. Thirteen performance factors (PF) are used for the post-fault service restoration process, consisting of: (i) Power Flow Violations (PFV), (ii) Bus Voltage Violations (BVV), (iii) Total Operation Cost (TOC), (iv) Lost Power (LP), (v) Outage Customer (OC), (vi) Number of Switching Steps (NSS), (vii) Power Losses (LOSS); (viii) Customer Minutes Interruption (CMI), (ix) Load Minutes Interruption (LMI), (x) MAIFI, (xi) SAIFI, (xii) SAIDI, and (xiii) Protection Validation (PRV). E-Terra platform of a distribution management system (DMS) is used to implement the proposed FLISR approach. Simulation and experiment results from a real 22 kV distribution network are also analysed to validate this FLISR approach. As a result, the novel FLISR approach has the ability to identify effectively the over-reaching of OC relays, indicate a mis-coordination risk of adjacent protection devices on the same feeder, and get the total processing time of fault detection, location and isolation as well as ranking all possible service restoration plans in distribution network at less than two minutes.

scholarly journals An investigation of the possible scenarios for the optimal locating of quality sensors in the water distribution networks with uncertain contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-721
Author(s):  
Hamideh Jafari ◽  
Taher Rajaee ◽  
Sara Nazif
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Contamination Event ◽  
Population Ratio

Abstract One of the ways to reduce the risk of contaminated water consumption is to optimally locate the quality sensors. These sensors warn users in the case of contamination detection. Analyzing the actual conditions of the contamination which enters the network is faced with many uncertainties. These uncertainties include the dose of contamination, time and location of its entry which have received less attention. Also, the uncertainty in the nodes' water demand causes changes in the distribution and contamination diffusion within the network. The main impetus of the present study is to determine the optimal quality sensor locations in the water distribution network in order to reduce the damage caused by contaminated water consumption prior to the contamination event detection. For this purpose, a parameter is defined as the maximum possible damage for calculating which the vulnerability and importance of the nodes have been considered in addition to the uncertainties in the location and time of the contamination entry. The importance of each node differs from that of other ones. Ranking the importance of the nodes is influenced by both land use and covered population ratio. In this study, six scenarios are defined for the contamination event in the water distribution network. These scenarios consider the effects of varying pollutant dose and the contamination input from nodes which are prone to its entry. Also, the NSGA-II has been utilized in order to minimize the damage with minimum number of sensors. The proposed model is evaluated on a real network in Iran. The results indicate that adding only one or two contamination warning sensors to the proposed locations can lead to the decreasing damage caused by the contaminated water consumption from 54 to 82%. According to the proposed method, the best answer for scenarios 1–6 was obtained for 7, 6, 6, 2, 2 and 2 sensors, respectively. The results showed that the slope of the pollution rate diagram does not change much from 6 sensors upwards in the first three scenarios, and from 4 sensors upwards in the second three scenarios. In scenarios 1–3, with 7, 6 and 6 sensors, respectively, in different nodes, the best placement is for 203–224 equivalent attack population, and in scenarios 4–6, with sensors in nodes 4 and 43, the best placement is for 225–279 equivalent attack population.

scholarly journals A FLISR approach for distribution networks integrated distributed generators

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-557
Author(s):  
Phúc Duy Lê ◽  
Dương Minh Bùi ◽  
Minh Ngọc Đoàn ◽  
Phúc Công Huỳnh ◽  
Hoài Đức Bành ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Location ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Service Restoration ◽  
Fault Restoration ◽  
Overcurrent Relay ◽  
Simulation Results

The penetration of distributed generators (DG ) into the distribution etworks (DN) greatly improves the reliability of electricity supply and reduces power loss. However, the operation of these DGs can also make the protection of distribution etwork more complex. This paper will examine the effects of two DG types on the protection of DN by analyzing the solution called Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR). The FLISR approach considers DGs as auxiliary sources for the post-fault restoration plans in order to minimize the number of interrupted customers and unserved energy. Moreover, the combination of setting value of the overcurrent relay and the statuses of switching device and the loss voltage warning signal are used to detect and identify types of incidents in the distribution etwork with DGs. A two-constrained objective function will be solved to find possible plans for fault isolation and service restoration. There are six performance indices (PIs) selected for post-fault service restoration processing. The simulation results for the 22kV distribution network with integrated DG were performed by using E-terra software to validate this FLISR approach. To be concluded, the FLISR approach well adapt to the integration of DG into the DN and also helps to identify risks from false protection-coordination. On the other hand, it also helps to quickly detect and identify types of incidents as well as evaluate service restoration plans after incidents of distribution etwork with DG less than two minutes.

scholarly journals A Fast DC Fault Detection Method for Multi-Terminal AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Network Based on Voltage Change Rate of DC Current-Limiting Inductor

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Qi ◽  
Wei Pei ◽  
Luyang Li ◽  
Li Kong
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Dc Fault ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
Current Limiting ◽  
Hybrid Distribution

The rapid detection of direct current (DC) faults is one of the key technologies for the development of multi-terminal alternating current (AC)/DC hybrid distribution networks. The DC fault current rises quickly and affects the whole network. Therefore, DC faults must be detected much faster than AC faults. This paper proposes a fast DC fault detection method based on the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor (CLI) for the multi-terminal AC/DC hybrid distribution network. Firstly, the characteristics of the fault voltages and currents and of the CLIs are studied in detail, and the feasibility of using the voltage change rate of the CLI to detect DC fault is analyzed. Based on this, a primary fault detection method is proposed to identify the faulty line, determine the fault type and the fault poles using the amplitudes of the single-ended CLI voltage change rates. For high-resistance DC faults, a backup detection method using the directions and amplitudes of the voltage change rates of the double-ended CLIs is proposed. Finally, the proposed method is verified by MATLAB simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed method can detect all DC faults accurately, and the faulty line, fault type and fault poles can be determined quickly. The proposed method is not affected by the fault location, current-limiting inductance, power reversal of the converters, AC fault and communication delay.

scholarly journals A review of adaptive overcurrent protection in distribution networks with integration of distributed energy resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Nur Aisyah Mohd Yusof ◽  
Zaipatimah Ali ◽  
Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Overcurrent Protection

This paper presents a review of an adaptive overcurrent protection scheme in a distribution network with the integration of distributed energy resources. The rapid integration of distributed energy resources brings challenges to the existing overcurrent protection system. The impacts are change in fault current magnitude and direction of current flow from radial to the multi-source dynamic network, which causes changes in network topology, inaccurate fault detection, and loss of coordination among protection systems. In this paper, the solution identified for reliable operation of overcurrent protection in the distribution network are network topology estimation, fault detection, and adaptive coordination.

scholarly journals DMS - basis for increasing of green distributed generation penetration in distribution networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 189-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Strezoski ◽  
Dragan Popovic ◽  
Dusko Bekut ◽  
Goran Svenda
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Management System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Smart Distribution Grid ◽  
Distribution Management System

Modern (electric power) distribution utilities are faced with high penetration of distributed (electric) generation. Renewable generation is of prime interest. Within this generation, the green one incorporating solar (photovoltaic) and wind generation is the most important. Consequently, the following two imperatives are established in modern distribution utilities: 1) absorption of as much of available (connected to network) green generation as possible and 2) increasing of the limit of green distributed generation penetration. This generation is a significant basis of Smart Distribution Grid Concept. Distributed generation transfers passive distribution network into active one. The active distribution network analysis, control, operation management and planning become significantly complex. This complexity radically hinders the achievement of two above stated imperatives referring to the distributed generation penetration. This paper proves that Distribution Management System is a unique powerful system that integrates all tools necessary for surpassing main difficulties in the achievement of the both imperatives. The proof is obtained by the elaboration of a set of power applications (mathematical calculations) integrated in the Distribution Management System. The most important power applications, which deal with voltage / reactive power control, are specially stressed.

scholarly journals Simulation of Self-Healing in Samawa City Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11A) ◽  
pp. 1692-1705
Author(s):  
Mithaq A. Kadham ◽  
Thamir M. Abdul-Wahhab
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Central Control Unit ◽  
Permanent Faults ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Power Restoration ◽  
The Impact

Self-healing is the ability of a distribution system to automatically restore power after permanent faults. This paper investigates the impact of outages in the distribution network elements following the occurrence of a fault. The work aims to restore maximum available power to consumers in the affected areas, after the isolation of faulted parts, by optimal procedure of switching operations. In this work, CYMDIST software was used for the simulation and analyses of a distribution network in Samawa City. MATLAB 2017b/Simulink was used to implement self-healing, through the simulation of smart protection system that is controlled remotely by a central control unit. The results of implementing the proposed self-healing system on Samawa a New 11 kV network show a maximum power restoration with a minimum number of switching operations that have been achieved after fault isolation without violating constraints.

Multiple faults detection and isolation approach applied to a kraft recovery boiler

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
YVON THARRAULT ◽  
MOULOUD AMAZOUZ
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Multiple Faults ◽  
Recovery Boiler

Recovery boilers play a key role in chemical pulp mills. Early detection of defects, such as water leaks, in a recovery boiler is critical to the prevention of explosions, which can occur when water reaches the molten smelt bed of the boiler. Early detection is difficult to achieve because of the complexity and the multitude of recovery boiler operating parameters. Multiple faults can occur in multiple components of the boiler simultaneously, and an efficient and robust fault isolation method is needed. In this paper, we present a new fault detection and isolation scheme for multiple faults. The proposed approach is based on principal component analysis (PCA), a popular fault detection technique. For fault detection, the Mahalanobis distance with an exponentially weighted moving average filter to reduce the false alarm rate is used. This filter is used to adapt the sensitivity of the fault detection scheme versus false alarm rate. For fault isolation, the reconstruction-based contribution is used. To avoid a combinatorial excess of faulty scenarios related to multiple faults, an iterative approach is used. This new method was validated using real data from a pulp and paper mill in Canada. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively detect sensor faults and water leakage.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

scholarly journals Real Fault Location in a Distribution Network Using Smart Feeder Meter Data

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3242
Author(s):  
Hamid Mirshekali ◽  
Rahman Dashti ◽  
Karsten Handrup ◽  
Hamid Reza Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Fault Location ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
The Real

Distribution networks transmit electrical energy from an upstream network to customers. Undesirable circumstances such as faults in the distribution networks can cause hazardous conditions, equipment failure, and power outages. Therefore, to avoid financial loss, to maintain customer satisfaction, and network reliability, it is vital to restore the network as fast as possible. In this paper, a new fault location (FL) algorithm that uses the recorded data of smart meters (SMs) and smart feeder meters (SFMs) to locate the actual point of fault, is introduced. The method does not require high-resolution measurements, which is among the main advantages of the method. An impedance-based technique is utilized to detect all possible FL candidates in the distribution network. After the fault occurrence, the protection relay sends a signal to all SFMs, to collect the recorded active power of all connected lines after the fault. The higher value of active power represents the real faulty section due to the high-fault current. The effectiveness of the proposed method was investigated on an IEEE 11-node test feeder in MATLAB SIMULINK 2020b, under several situations, such as different fault resistances, distances, inception angles, and types. In some cases, the algorithm found two or three candidates for FL. In these cases, the section estimation helped to identify the real fault among all candidates. Section estimation method performs well for all simulated cases. The results showed that the proposed method was accurate and was able to precisely detect the real faulty section. To experimentally evaluate the proposed method’s powerfulness, a laboratory test and its simulation were carried out. The algorithm was precisely able to distinguish the real faulty section among all candidates in the experiment. The results revealed the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

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