scholarly journals Robust Optimization of Power Consumption for Public Buildings Considering Forecasting Uncertainty of Environmental Factors

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingshu Xiao ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
Xingying Chen ◽  
Kun Yu ◽  
Zhenyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Additional Constraints

In recent years, with the advancement of urban construction in China, the optimization of power consumption in public buildings has been focused on. The optimization of power consumption in public buildings is based on the prediction of natural illuminance, outdoor air temperature and flow of people in public building. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study how to formulate a power consumption strategy with consideration of forecasting uncertainty of environmental factors. The robust-index method is proposed to deal with the problem of forecasting uncertainty. Firstly, this paper establishes power consumption models for lighting systems, air-conditioning systems, and elevator systems in public buildings. Secondly, the robust indexes for each system and the synthetic robust index are established. Thirdly, the objective function is formulated to reduce the total electricity cost with the robust indexes applied as additional constraints to the optimization problem, therefore the obtained power consumption schedules are able to reach the expected robust level. Finally, simulation results show attributes of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Power Consumption: Base Stations of Telecommunication in Sahel Zone of Cameroon: Typology Based on the Power Consumption—Model and Energy Savings

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Ayang ◽  
Paul-Salomon Ngohe-Ekam ◽  
Bossou Videme ◽  
Jean Temga
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Consumption Model ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Energy Audits ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

In this paper, the work consists of categorizing telecommunication base stations (BTS) for the Sahel area of Cameroon according to their power consumption per month. It consists also of proposing a model of a power consumption and finally proceeding to energy audits in each type of base station in order to outline the possibilities of realizing energy savings. Three types of telecommunication base stations (BTS) are found in the Sahel area of Cameroon. The energy model takes into account power consumption of all equipment located in base stations (BTS). The energy audits showed that mismanagement of lighting systems, and of air-conditioning systems, and the type of buildings increased the power consumption of the base station. By applying energy savings techniques proposed for base stations (BTS) in the Sahel zone, up to 17% of energy savings are realized in CRTV base stations, approximately 24.4% of energy are realized in the base station of Missinguileo, and approximately 14.5% of energy savings are realized in the base station of Maroua market.

scholarly journals An approach to energy efficient lighting design for economic residential flats

2021 ◽  
Vol 850 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Anubrata Mondal ◽  
Kamalika Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Lighting Systems

Abstract The lighting design in a residential building now-a-days is not only limited to general lighting but also it is focused to provide quality lighting with the help of wide range of available luminaire with different orientations as well as colours with efficient use of energy, that opens up accurate characteristics of specific areas in any room of the building. The affordable housings in many states are some of the examples of residential building where most of the flats in a typical floor are using conventional lighting systems which are not energy efficient and light level is low compared to standards. This paper is mainly focused to provide a budget friendly as well as energy efficient lighting design with the help of new and energy efficient lamps using DIALux Software, which can be proposed to renovate the existing conventional lighting systems. In this paper effort has been made to reduce the power consumption in all rooms and lux levels has been achieved as per standard values along with good amount of energy saving with the use of newer technologies.

scholarly journals Outdoor Air-Cooling System for a Computer Room and Its Corresponding Energy-Saving Effect

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5719
Author(s):  
JiHyun Hwang ◽  
Taewon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Air Cooling System ◽  
Saving Effect

The recent expansion of the internet network and rapid advancements in information and communication technology are expected to lead to a significant increase in power consumption and the number of data centers. However, these data centers consume a considerable amount of electric power all year round, regardless of working days or holidays; thus, energy saving at these facilities has become essential. A disproportionate level of power consumption is concentrated in computer rooms because air conditioners in these rooms are required to operate throughout the year to maintain a constant indoor environment for stable operation of computer equipment with high-heat release densities. Considerable energy-saving potential is expected in such computer rooms, which consume high levels of energy, if an outdoor air-cooling system and air conditioners are installed. These systems can reduce the indoor space temperature by introducing a relatively low outdoor air temperature. Therefore, we studied the energy-saving effect of introducing an outdoor air-cooling system in a computer room with a disorganized arrangement of servers and an inadequate air conditioning system in a research complex in Korea. The findings of this study confirmed that annual energy savings of up to approximately 40% can be achieved.

scholarly journals Application of Predictive Control in Scheduling of Domestic Appliances

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Nagpal ◽  
Andrea Staino ◽  
Biswajit Basu
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Problem Model ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Home Energy Management ◽  
Peak Power Consumption

In this work, an algorithm for the scheduling of household appliances to reduce the energy cost and the peak-power consumption is proposed. The system architecture of a home energy management system (HEMS) is presented to operate the appliances. The dynamics of thermal and non-thermal appliances is represented into state-space model to formulate the scheduling task into a mixed-integer-linear-programming (MILP) optimization problem. Model predictive control (MPC) strategy is used to operate the appliances in real-time. The HEMS schedules the appliances in dynamic manner without any a priori knowledge of the load-consumption pattern. At the same time, the HEMS responds to the real-time electricity market and the external environmental conditions (solar radiation, ambient temperature, etc.). Simulation results exhibit the benefits of the proposed HEMS by showing the reduction of up to 70% in electricity cost and up to 57% in peak power consumption.

scholarly journals Minimizing Power Consumption of an Experimental HVAC System Based on Parallel Grid Searching

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangqi Xiong ◽  
Jiandong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Convex Optimization Problem ◽  
The One ◽  
Graphics Processing

This paper proposes a parallel grid search algorithm to find an optimal operating point for minimizing the power consumption of an experimental heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system. First, a multidimensional, nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem subject to constraints is formulated based on a semi-physical model of the experimental HVAC system. Second, the optimization problem is parallelized based on Graphics Processing Units to simultaneously compute optimization loss functions for different solutions in a searching grid, and to find the optimal solution as the one having the minimum loss function. The proposed algorithm has an advantage that the optimal solution is known with evidence as to the best one subject to current resolutions of the searching grid. Experimental studies are provided to support the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals An External Archive-Based Constrained State Transition Algorithm for Optimal Power Dispatch

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zhou ◽  
Jianpeng Long ◽  
Chongchong Xu ◽  
Guanbo Jia
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Power Dispatch ◽  
External Archive ◽  
State Transition Algorithm ◽  
Dispatch Optimization ◽  
The Cost

This paper proposes an external archive-based constrained state transition algorithm (EA-CSTA) with a preference trade-off strategy for solving the power dispatch optimization problem in the electrochemical process of zinc (EPZ). The optimal power dispatch problem aims to obtain the optimal current density schedule to minimize the cost of power consumption with some rigorous technology and production constraints. The current density of each production equipment in different power stages is restricted by technology and production requirements. In addition, electricity price and current density are considered comprehensively to influence the cost of power consumption. In the process of optimization, technology and production restrictions are difficult to be satisfied, which are modeled as nonconvex equality constraints in the power dispatch optimization problem. Moreover, multiple production equipment and different power supply stages increase the amount of decision variables. In order to solve this problem, an external archive-based constrained state transition algorithm (EA-CSTA) is proposed. The external archive strategy is adopted for maintaining the diversity of solutions to increase the probability of finding the optima of power dispatch optimization problem. Moreover, a preference trade-off strategy is designed to improve the global search performance of EA-CSTA, and the translation transformation in state transition algorithm is modified to improve the local search ability of EA-CSTA. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the proposed method is more efficient compared with other approaches in previous papers for the optimal power dispatch. Furthermore, the proposed method significantly reduces the cost of power consumption, which not only guides the production process of zinc electrolysis but also alleviates the pressure of the power grid load.

scholarly journals The Numerical Simulation of the Airflow Distribution and Energy Efficiency in Data Centers with Three Types of Aisle Layout

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ni ◽  
Bowen Jin ◽  
Shanglei Ning ◽  
Xiaowei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Airflow Distribution

The energy consumption of fast-growing data centers is drawing attentions from not only energy organizations and institutions all over the world, but also charity groups, such as Greenpeace, and research shows that the power consumption of air conditioning makes up a large proportion of the electricity cost in data centers. Therefore, more detailed investigations of air conditioning power consumption are warranted. Three types of airflow distributions with different aisle layouts (the open aisle, the closed cold aisle, and the closed hot aisle) were investigated with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods in a typical data center of four rows of racks in this study. To evaluate the results of thermal and bypass phenomenon, the temperature increase index (β) and the energy utilization index (ηr) were used. The simulations show that there is a better trend of the β index and ηr index both closed cold aisle and closed hot aisle compared with free open aisle. Especially with high air flow rate, the β index decreases and the ηr index increases considerably. Moreover, the results prove the closed aisles (both closed cold aisle and closed hot aisle) can not only significantly improve the airflow distribution, but also reduce the mixture of cold and heat flow, and therefore improve energy efficiency. In addition, it proves the design of the closed aisles can meet the increasing density of installations and our simulation method could evaluate the cooling capacity easily.

scholarly journals Energy Performance Comparison between Two Liquid Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling-Assisted Air Conditioning Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Su Liu ◽  
Jae-Weon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Evaporative Cooler ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooler

This study investigated the annual energy saving potential and system performance of two different evaporative cooling-based liquid desiccant and evaporative cooling-assisted air conditioning systems. One system used an indirect and direct evaporative cooler with a two-stage package to match the target supply air point. The other was equipped with a single-stage, packaged dew-point evaporative cooler that used a portion of the process air, which had been dehumidified in advance. Systems installed with the two evaporative coolers were compared to determine which one was more energy efficient and which one could provide better thermal comfort for building occupants in a given climate zone, using detailed simulation data. The detailed energy consumption data of these two systems were estimated using an engineering equation solver with each component model. The results showed that the liquid desiccant and dew-point evaporative-cooler-assisted 100% outdoor air system (LDEOAS) resulted in approximately 34% more annual primary energy consumption than that of the liquid desiccant and the indirect and direct evaporative-cooler-assisted 100% outdoor air system (LDIDECOAS). However, the LDEOAS could provide drier and cooler supply air, compared with the LDIDECOAS. In conclusion, LDIDECOAS has a higher energy saving potential than LDEOAS, with an acceptable level of thermal comfort.

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