scholarly journals Problem Orientated Analysis on China’s Shale Gas Policy

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Wang ◽  
Yuyan Luo ◽  
Pengchong Li ◽  
Xiaoqian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Implementation Plans ◽  
Domestic Companies ◽  
Chinese Yuan

China has accelerated the pace of shale gas development from 2010. A series of policies were issued by the Chinese government to motivate and regulate shale gas exploration and exploitation. In order to investigate the effectiveness of these policies and provide reference to the policymakers, the most relevant policies from 2010 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. Our study summarized that, in total, eight government agencies issued 25 related policies, which cover all the main problems that impede China’s shale gas industry. With the aid of these policies, the approved research and development (R&D) funds exceed 350 million Chinese yuan (CNY) ($55 million), and over 80 domestic companies participated in exploration rights bidding and nine foreign companies initiated thirteen international cooperation projects. In 2016, China’s shale gas production reached 7.88 × 109 m3, ranking third in the world. However, these policies still have some shortcomings, such as low environmental concerns, weak financial stimulus, and inefficient implementation. Therefore, we suggest that future policy should put particular emphasis on (1) formulating special environmental regulations and determining development scale based on water resource; (2) providing detailed implementation plans and maintaining stable subsidy; (3) enhancing communication and supervision; and (4) establishing a public big data platform.

scholarly journals Methane and ethane emission scenarios for potential shale gas production in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon J. H. Visschedijk ◽  
Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon ◽  
Hans C. Doornenbal ◽  
Lorenzo Cremonese
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
The Us

Abstract. A main concern surrounding (shale) gas production and exploitation is the leakage of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. High leakage rates have been observed outside of Europe but the representativeness of these observations for Europe is unknown. To facilitate the monitoring of methane leakage from a future shale gas industry in Europe we developed potential production scenarios for ten major shale gas plays and identified a suitable tracer in (shale) gas to distinguish oil and gas related emissions from other methane sources. To distinguish gas leakage from other methane sources we propose ethane, a known tracer for leakage from oil and gas production but absent in emissions from other important methane sources in Europe. Ethane contents for the ten plays are estimated from a European gas composition database and shale gas composition and reservoir data from the US, resulting in three different classes of ethane to methane ratios in the raw gas (0.015, 0.04 and 0.1). The ethane content classes have a relation with the average thermal maturity, a basic shale gas reservoir characteristic, which is known for all ten European shale gas plays. By assuming different production scenarios in addition to a range of possible gas leakage rates, we estimate potential ethane tracer release by shale gas play. Ethane emissions are estimated by play following a low, medium or high gas production scenario in combination with leakage rates ranging from 0.2 %–10 % based on observed leakage rates in the US.

scholarly journals Oil, gas industry of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Sh aalan Mohamed Abdo Hamud ◽  
◽  
Raisa A. Ak hmedyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The World ◽  
Saudi Aramco ◽  
Oil Company

The review of the oil and gas industry in Saudi Arabia is Conducted. Data on oil and gas reserves, consumption, and exports are provided. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest non-FTI producers in the Russian Federation among the non-FTI exporters (OPEC). BL agodarya mirovym za pasam not FTI, one of the most important ones in the world, but the one with the most inquisitive in the field of energy from rasli, Saudi Arabia, is the largest exporter of oil. The data on oil reserves of the largest fields, including the largest in the world of the terikovoye non-oil field of Gavar are presented. Saudi Arabia occupies the fifth place in the world in the field of natural gas passes, with a volume of 294 trillion cubic feet, and the third place in the field of natural gas passes in the Far East. Saudi Arabia they EET de nine EXT morning not preparatively for waste water treatment, of which four PR andlegal Saudi Aramco and the OS the rest of the floor joint PR Adbrite with to foreign companies. The largest oil and gas companies represented in SaudiI Arawia are named, in particular: Saudi Aramco, Saudi Shell, Saudi Exxon Mobil, Saudi Chevron, Total, Eni, Sinopec, Sumitomo. It is shown that Saudi Ar amco is a non-state oil company of Saudi Arabia, the largest in the world in terms of oil production and oil reserves. The company also controls natural gas production in the country. Saudi Aramco is a national non-oil company Of the Saudi Aravia, which is responsible for non-oil and gas operations throughout the Kingdom. Recently, the main goal is to use unconventional gas sources, namely shale gas production. Currently, the company Saudi Aramco has more than 16 drilling rigs for the extraction of shale gas. By the end of 2020, the company is expected to extract 3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day.

scholarly journals Selected implications of shale gas extraction in Europe

2014 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Ewa  Abramiuk -Lété
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Potential Impact

According to the 2011 International Energy Agency data, 60 % of natural gas production in the US comes from unconventional sources. Currently in Europe the commercial production of shale gas has not yet been developed. However, the European Commission estimates that conventional production in those countries which have already made some progress could already start as early as 2015. The 2013 A.T. Kearney report outlines that European resources constitute 7 % of world resources, but the success of shale gas exploration in Europe will depend on a series of economic, political and geographical factors. This paper analyses the potential impact of the development of the shale gas industry in Europe, particularly recoverable potential of shale gas, its impact on the economy, overall EU energy mix, energy prices and the European job market. In addition, the paper briefly discusses the potential impact of shale gas extraction on gas imports and security of supply.

scholarly journals Water Availability Assessment of Shale Gas Production in the Weiyuan Play, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Xia Jun ◽  
Baoshan Guan ◽  
Xinming Yan ◽  
Lei Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Streamflow Statistics ◽  
Availability Assessment

Innovations and improvements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal well technologies have contributed to the success of the shale gas industry; however, the industry is also challenged by freshwater use and environmental health issues. Increasing water impact makes precise quantification of water consumption important. The objective in this study was to better understand water sustainability and availability of the projected shale gas from 2018 to 2030 in the Weiyuan play, China. The water footprint framework was used to quantify the potential water use and environmental impacts on different time scales. The results showed that the water use per well ranged from 11351.3 to 60664.73 m3, with a median of 36013.94 m3, totaling ~3.44 Mm3 for 97 wells. Yearly evaluation results showed that the gray water footprint was the main contributor and accounted for 83.82% to 96.76%, which was dependent on different scenarios of treatment percentages. The monthly environmental impact results indicated that the annual streamflow statistics were more likely to prevent water withdrawal. Water quality issues may be alleviated through recycling and retreatment measures that improve current waste water management strategies. Resource regulators should manage their water resources by matching water demand to water availability or replenishment.

scholarly journals Water Availability Assessment of Shale Gas Production in the Weiyuan Play, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Jun Xia ◽  
Baoshan Guan ◽  
Xinming Yan ◽  
Lei Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Streamflow Statistics ◽  
Availability Assessment

Innovations and improvements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal well technologies have contributed to the success of the shale gas industry; however, the industry is also challenged by freshwater use and environmental health issues, and this makes precise quantification of water consumption important. The objective of this study was to better understand water sustainability and availability of the projected shale gas from 2018 to 2030 in the Weiyuan play, China. The water footprint framework was used to quantify the potential water use and environmental impacts on different time scales. The results showed that the water use per well ranged from 11,300 to 60,660 m3, with a median of 36,014 m3, totaling ~ 3.44 Mm3 for 97 wells. Yearly evaluation results showed that the gray water footprint was the main contributor and accounted for 83.82% to 96.76%, which was dependent on the different treatment percentage scenario. The monthly environmental impact results indicated that the annual streamflow statistics were more likely to prevent water withdrawal. Water quality issues may be alleviated through recycling and retreatment measures that improve current waste water management strategies. Resource regulators should manage their water resources by matching water demand to water availability or replenishment.

scholarly journals Emission scenarios of a potential shale gas industry in Germany and the United Kingdom

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cremonese ◽  
Lindsey B. Weger ◽  
Hugo Denier Van Der Gon ◽  
Marianne Bartels ◽  
Tim Butler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
The United Kingdom

The shale gas debate has taken center stage over the past decade in many European countries due to its purported climate advantages over coal and the implications for domestic energy security. Nevertheless, shale gas production generates greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions including carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and volatile organic compounds. In this study we develop three shale gas drilling projections in Germany and the United Kingdom based on estimated reservoir productivities and local capacity. For each projection, we define a set of emission scenarios in which gas losses are assigned to each stage of upstream gas production to quantify total emissions. The “realistic” (REm) and “optimistic” (OEm) scenarios investigated in this study describe, respectively, the potential emission range generated by business-as-usual activities, and the lowest emissions technically possible according to our settings. The latter scenario is based on the application of specific technologies and full compliance with a stringent regulatory framework described herein. Based on the median drilling projection, total annual methane emissions range between 150–294 Kt in REm and 28–42 Kt in OEm, while carbon dioxide emissions span from 5.55–7.21 Mt in REm to 3.11–3.96 Mt in OEm. Taking all drilling projections into consideration, methane leakage rates in REm range between 0.45 and 1.36% in Germany, and between 0.35 and 0.71% in the United Kingdom. The leakage rates are discussed in both the European (conventional gas) and international (shale gas) contexts. Further, the emission intensity of a potential European shale gas industry is estimated and compared to national inventories. Results from our science-based prospective scenarios can facilitate an informed discussion among the public and policy makers on the climate impact of a potential shale gas development in Europe, and on the appropriate role of natural gas in the worldwide energy transition.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact of a potential shale gas industry in Germany and the United Kingdom on ozone with WRF-Chem

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey B. Weger ◽  
Aurelia Lupascu ◽  
Lorenzo Cremonese ◽  
Tim Butler
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

Germany and the United Kingdom have domestic shale gas reserves which they may exploit in the future to complement their national energy strategies. However gas production releases volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which through photochemical reaction form ground-level ozone, an air pollutant that can trigger adverse health effects e.g. on the respiratory system. This study explores the range of impacts of a potential shale gas industry in these two countries on local and regional ambient ozone. To this end, comprehensive emission scenarios are used as the basis for input to an online-coupled regional chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem). Here we simulate shale gas scenarios over summer (June, July, August) 2011, exploring the effects of varying VOC emissions, gas speciation, and concentration of NOx emissions over space and time, on ozone formation. An evaluation of the model setup is performed, which exhibited the model’s ability to predict surface meteorological and chemical variables well compared with observations, and consistent with other studies. When different shale gas scenarios were employed, the results show a peak increase in maximum daily 8-hour average ozone from 3.7 to 28.3 μg m–3. In addition, we find that shale gas emissions can force ozone exceedances at a considerable percentage of regulatory measurement stations locally (up to 21% in Germany and 35% in the United Kingdom) and in distant countries through long-range transport, and increase the cumulative health-related metric SOMO35 (maximum percent increase of ~28%) throughout the region. Findings indicate that VOC emissions are important for ozone enhancement, and to a lesser extent NOx, meaning that VOC regulation for a future European shale gas industry will be of especial importance to mitigate unfavorable health outcomes. Overall our findings demonstrate that shale gas production in Europe can worsen ozone air quality on both the local and regional scales.

scholarly journals Unconventional gas: shale gas and coal seam gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Sandra Kentish ◽  
Vaughan Beck
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Shale ◽  
Unconventional Gas ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Project Report ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Australian Council ◽  
Future Project

The Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACOLA1), Securing Australia’s Future, Project 6 report, entitled Engineering energy: unconventional gas production, explored the scientific, social, cultural, technological, environmental and economic issues surrounding alternative energy sources, with particular reference to shale gas production. The project was one of a series of strategic research projects for the Prime Minister’s Science, Engineering and Innovation Council. The project report made 51 key findings considering the potential technological, environmental, social and economic impacts of an Australian shale gas industry. Recommendations arising from the report were developed by the Office of the Chief Scientist in consultation with relevant government departments. The symposium presentation was based on the ACOLA project report.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Geometry of the Effective Propped Volume on the Economic Performance of Shale Gas Well Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Andres Soage ◽  
Ruben Juanes ◽  
Ignasi Colominas ◽  
Luis Cueto-Felgueroso
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Decline Curves ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

We analyze the effect that the geometry of the Effective Propped Volume (EPV) has on the economic performance of hydrofractured multistage shale gas wells. We study the sensitivity of gas production to the EPV’s geometry and we compare it with the sensitivity to other parameters whose relevance in the production of shale gas is well known: porosity, kerogen content and permeability induced in the Stimulated Recovery Volume (SRV). To understand these sensitivities, we develop a high-fidelity 3D numerical model of shale gas flow that allows determining both the Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) of gas as well as analyzing the decline curves of gas production (DCA). We find that the geometry of the EPV plays an important role in the economic performance and gas production of shale wells. The relative contribution of EPV geometry is comparable to that of induced permeability of the SRV or formation porosity. Our results may lead to interesting technological developments in the oild and gas industry that improve economic efficiency in shale gas production.

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