scholarly journals Enhancing Green Building Rating of a School under the Hot Climate of UAE; Renewable Energy Application and System Integration

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joud Al Dakheel ◽  
Kheira Tabet Aoul ◽  
Ahmed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Similar to many fast growing countries, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed fast population and urbanization growth. The building sector accounts for a major share of its electricity consumption, reaching up to 70%. To encourage sustainable development and reduce energy consumption and emissions, the government introduced a sustainability initiative called “Estidama”, which employs the use of the Pearl Building Rating System (PBRS). Government buildings, which constitute 20% of the built environment, aim to lead the way, and are therefore required to attain a high level of achievement, based on their PBRS ranking (minimum of two out of five pearls). Schools, led by Abu Dhabi Educational Council (ADEC), are governmental buildings and aim to attain a higher level of achievement (three out of five pearls). The ADEC plans to build one hundred schools to be built by 2020, through its Future Schools Program. Over half of the schools have been completed, but only 20% reached the targeted rating (of three out of five pearls). The Renewable Energy (RE) application in the UAE is minimal, although it represents 25% of the local rating code. The objective of this paper is to explore the sustainable performance of one representative school that did not reach the desired green rating level, with the objective to assess opportunities for an enhanced performance. This is done through testing the performance and the application of three RE systems comprising of photovoltaics (PV) array, an absorption cooling system and a geothermal cooling system through Transient Systems Simulation (TRNSYS) software. Cumulatively, implementation of these options results in RE potentially contributing to 19% of the school’s annual energy consumption, enhancing the school’s performance by up to 14 additional credit points, and reaching the target level of achievement (a three pearl rating). Furthermore, system integration of RE into the existing school were also considered. Results indicate the significant potential of integrating RE systems in future schools in hot climatic contexts, for an improved energy performance.

The path to a 2025 nuclear-free Taiwan: An analysis of dynamic competition among emissions, energy, and economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094998
Author(s):  
Chun Chih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
The Government

Taiwan intends to be nuclear free by 2025. This study employs the Lotka–Volterra competition model for sustainable development to analyze the emissions–energy–economy (3Es) issue to make appropriate policy suggestions for a nuclear-free transition. It also offers a new approach to naming the 3E relationship. The literature review shows that the environmental Kuznets curve accompanies the feedback and conservation hypotheses. In the 3E dynamics relationship analysis, the model shows a good mean absolute percentage error (<15%) for the model estimation. The key findings are as follows: 1) the fossil fuel-led economy exists; 2) CO2 emissions are reduced with nuclear energy consumption; 3) renewable energy is far from scale; 4) a complementary effect exists between fossil fuel and nuclear energy consumption; and 5) gas retrofitting and phasing out of nuclear seem imminent. In the energy transition, Taiwan drastically cuts nuclear energy without considering energy diversity due to which troubles might ensue. The priority issue for Taiwan’s energy mix is energy security. To deal with these concerns, this study suggests the government could improve energy efficiency, build a smart grid, develop carbon capture and storage, and reconsider putting nuclear energy back into the energy mix before renewable energy is scaled.

scholarly journals Energy benchmarking in educational buildings in the city of Kragujevac - possibilities for energy efficiency improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
Ana Radojevic ◽  
Danijela Nikolic ◽  
Jasna Radulovic ◽  
Jasmina Skerlic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Benchmarking

The implementation of energy efficiency measures and use of renewable energy sources in educational buildings can significantly contribute to reducing energy consumption, but also to CO2 emissions in the entire public sector. The paper shows the comparison of energy consumption indicators for 61 elementary school buildings which have previously been divided in 12 groups, according to the period of construction and size, based on the national typology called TABULA, as the first step of further study on how to use the renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to use the energy benchmarking process to select representative facilities which are suitable for applying renewable energy sources, for their further energy efficiency improvement. Indicators of annual specific electricity consumption and CO2 emissions per unit area [kWh/m2] and per user [kWh/user] were calculated. After that, from two groups (in which the highest electricity consumption and CO2 emissions are 68.37% and 74.53% of the total consumption/ emissions), one representative facility was selected.

ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF CAMPUS LEED® BUILDINGS: IMPLICATIONS FOR GREEN BUILDING AND ENERGY POLICY

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Lauren Kleinman ◽  
Aparna Dial
Keyword(s):  
Green Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Leed Certification ◽  
Leed Buildings ◽  
High Level

Many university campuses in the United States are working toward their sustainable goals by adopting energy or green building policies, which require Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) certification for new construction and major renovation projects. Because LEED certification heavily relies on whole building energy simulation to demonstrate building energy performance improvement, it is often assumed that the finished buildings will achieve the predicted level of energy efficiency. This paper presents a study that compares the energy model predictions with actual energy performance of three LEED buildings on a university campus. The study shows that one of the campus LEED buildings consumed twice the predicted energy usage while causing a high level of occupant dissatisfaction. Further investigation reveals a variety of contributing factors for these issues and provides insights to improve green building policy and practice. Not only are the research findings important for this particular campus (Ohio State University) on its way to sustainability, they also have widespread ramifications for other university campuses.

scholarly journals Energy Conservation Potential of Economizer Controls Using Optimal Outdoor Air Fraction Based on Field Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5038
Author(s):  
Goopyo Hong ◽  
Chul Kim ◽  
Jun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Differential Enthalpy ◽  
The Impact

In commercial buildings, HVAC systems are becoming a primary driver of energy consumption, which already account for 45% of the total building energy consumption. In the previous literature, researchers have studied several energy conservation measures to reduce HVAC system energy consumption. One of the effective ways is an economizer in air-handling units. Therefore, this study quantified the impact of the outdoor air fraction by economizer control type in cooling system loads based on actual air-handling unit operation data in a hospital. The optimal outdoor air fraction and energy performance for economizer control types were calculated and analyzed. The result showed that economizer controls using optimal outdoor air fraction were up to 45% more efficient in cooling loads than existing HVAC operations in the hospital. The energy savings potential was 6–14% of the differential dry-bulb temperature control, 17–27% of the differential enthalpy control, 8–17% of the differential dry-bulb temperature and high-limit differential enthalpy control, and 16–27% of the differential enthalpy and high-limit differential dry-bulb temperature control compared to the no economizer control. The result of this study will contribute to providing a better understanding of economizer controls in the hospital when the building operates in hot-humid climate regions.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Primary Energy Factor Values of Wind Turbines

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokas Tamašauskas ◽  
Jolanta Šadauskienė ◽  
Patrikas Bruzgevičius ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Eu Member States

In order to fulfil the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, much attention has been paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is one type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article was to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of 100 investigated wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. Investigation results showed that the difference of the non-renewable primary energy factor between wind turbines due to capacity is 35%. This paper provides a recommendation with regard to EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations: All EU member states should use the same or very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factor of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

Evaluation on CO2 Emission of Light Weight Steel Housing in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 1325-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sheng Chang ◽  
Kuei Peng Lee ◽  
Wen Sheng Ou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Building Policy

The reinforced concrete (RC) buildings commonly used in Taiwan not only create great pollutions in material manufacturing and construction phases but also destroy the environment. On the other hand, the light weight steel buildings are safe, healthy, comfortable, producing less waste, and environmental friendly. Therefore, light weight steel buildings have been promoted in Taiwan by the government as an important “green building” policy. In Taiwan, there is still a large market of low rise light weight steel housing. To promote light weight steel housing in Taiwan, we should evaluate its influence on environment. In this research, we established a CO2 emission database for light weight steel building materials and calculated CO2 emission for a light weight steel house. The results showed that a low rise light weight steel house has 39% less CO2 emission than an RC house in the same scale. A light weight steel house has a good building envelope that decreases energy consumption of air-condition by 35.42-42.95%. Therefore, a light weight steel house has less CO2 emission from building materials and energy consumption than an RC house.

Optimization of Energy Consumption Using BIM-Based Building Energy Performance Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Kyo Jung ◽  
Dong Hwan Lee ◽  
Joo Ho Shin ◽  
Byung Hun Song ◽  
Seung Hee Park
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Building Energy Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Recently, the interest in increasing energy efficiency of building energy management system (BEMS) has become a high-priority and thus the related studies also increased. In particular, since the energy consumption in terms of heating and cooling system takes a large portion of the energy consumed in buildings, it is strongly required to enhance the energy efficiency through intelligent operation and/or management of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system. To tackle this issue, this study deals with the BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based energy performance analysis implemented in Energyplus. The BIM model constructed at Revit is updated at Design Builder, adding HVAC models and converted compatibly with the Energyplus environment. And then, the HVAC models are modified throughout the comparison between the energy consumption patterns and the real-time monitoring in-field data. In order to maximize the building energy performance, a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization technique is applied to the modified HVAC models. Throughout the proposed building energy simulation, finally, the best optimized HVAC control schedule for the target building can be obtained in the form of “supply air temperature schedule”.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Specific Electrical Energy Consumption of Agrifood Industries in the Central Region of Portugal

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 878-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Gaspar ◽  
P.D. Silva ◽  
J. Nunes ◽  
L.P. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Result Analysis

This paper provides a characterization of the electrical energy consumption of agrifood industries located in the central region of Portugal that use refrigeration systems to ensure the food safety. The study is based on the result analysis of survey data and energy characteristics of the participating companies. The agrifood industries included in the survey belong to the following sector: meat, dairy, horticultural, distribution and wine. The comparison of energy indicators for the specific electrical energy consumption of companies of a sector and between sectors is analysed and discussed, providing reference levels for the energy performance of agrifood industries. Since the agrifood sector accounts for high level of energy consumption, the energy performance level knowledge can promote the rational use of energy as well as helping on the decision making of practice measures for the improvement of the energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationships between Renewable Energy Consumption, Socio-Economic Factors and Health: A PVAR Analysis from MENA Net Oil Importing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kadria ◽  
Sahbi Farhani ◽  
Yosr Guirat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

In this paper, we tried to contribute to the previous literature by analyzing the relationship between renewable energy consumption, socio-economic factors and health in the presence of a stringent environmental policy and lobbying power. Using a Panel Vector Auto-Regressive (PVAR) technique, we specifically examine the role of the government effectiveness and the lobbying pressure in moderating the impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions, economic growth and health factor considering the case of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Net Oil Importing Countries (NOICs) from 1996 to 2019. Our analysis shows that (i) environmental policy stringency and good governance will induce a rise in the level of renewable energy consumption; (ii) lobbying power and interest groups discourage the renewable energy sector’s development since the add in economic growth of these economies is not oriented towards renewable energy projects; (iii) a rise in renewable energy consumption, perhaps generated by renewable energy policies, should favor the improvement of public health. Finally, the political implications of the findings are summarized and discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation of decarbonization potential in green building design to accelerate the utilization of renewable energy sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
Norbert Harmathy
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Green Building Design

The construction sector as one of the highest carbon emitters in the World has an international initiative for Green House Gas reduction. Green building certifications demonstrate performance, efficiency and economy in the constuction sector. The motivation of the research was to investigate whether Green certified buildings which fulfill the minimum energy standards do demonstrate high energy performance compared to energy efficient buildings and renewable systems. The hypothesis was to investigate that renewable energy source application could contribute to higher performance, against a typical efficient HVAC system (usually applied in commercial buildings) and a building aiming for Green certification, concerning mandatory energy efficiency requirement. The research scope was to investigate and evaluate various HVAC solutions using triple-criteria evaluation method for decarbonization: energy performance, carbon footprint and operation cost to formulate systematic solutions in the design phase of projects for wide audience with preferable and applicable results.

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