scholarly journals Low Carbon Energy Transitions in the Nordic Countries: Evidence from the Environmental Kuznets Curve

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Urban ◽  
Johan Nordensvärd
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Low carbon energy transitions are important to mitigate climate change, reduce air pollution, and reduce fossil fuel resource depletion. The Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) are seen as leaders in low carbon energy transitions. This paper provides a comparative data analysis of low carbon energy transitions in the Nordic countries from the 1960s to 2015, and assesses evidence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The paper finds that the EKC has been observed in Denmark, Iceland, and Sweden in terms of total CO2 emissions, but not in Norway and Finland. For per capita CO2 emissions, there is evidence for the EKC in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden, but not for Norway. For energy use per capita, the EKC is only observed for Denmark, while improvements are needed for the other countries. Norway is an outlier, in comparison with the other Nordic countries, hence the country should implement more stringent climate change mitigation policies to reduce its emissions. Overall, the research suggests that the Nordic countries, particularly Denmark, Iceland, and Sweden, can provide valuable lessons for national, regional, and global low carbon energy transitions.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK, INFLASI DAN KORUPSI: ANALISIS EMPIRIS ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE (EKC) DI KAWASAN ASEAN PERIODE 2002-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri Setia Trianto ◽  
Evi Yulia Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The economy that continues to grow has the impact of environmental damage. This study aims to prove empirically the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by analyzing the relationship of economic growth with environmental damage as measured by GDP per capita, and CO2 emissions. The data used are secondary data in the form of data on GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, population growth, inflation, and control of corruption in 10 countries in the ASEAN region in 2002-2016. Data analysis using the Fixed Effect model. The results show that there is a relationship between economic growth and environmental damage that forms an inverted U curve. Economic growth will initially have a positive effect on environmental damage so that at a point of economic growth negatively affects environmental damage. By adding control variables: population growth, inflation and corruption, inflation and corruption positively impact environmental damage, while population negatively affect environmental damage.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisited, with Reference to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Patricia Aguado ◽  
Jinhwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Per Capita

Using an up-to-date panel dataset that covers 88 countries over a 38-year period (1991–2018), this paper revisits the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to measure environmental degradation (CO2, methane, nitrous Oxide, PM 2.5, HFC, PFC and SF6) in relation to GDP per capita. This study confirms the inverted-U relation for CO2 emissions, with the estimated turning point at $13,233, but also identifies a U relation in the case of PM 2.5. Furthermore, in a regional analysis of both CO2 and PM 2.5, with special reference to the MENA region, it finds gaps between actual CO2 emissions and their fitted values. We observe that Libya, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Algeria show average ratios higher than 1, meaning the actual values are higher than the fitted ones and therefore these countries face more serious pollution problems. Based on this finding, we recommend the implementation of policies in this region that aim to reach energy efficiency as well as the development of eco-friendly and sustainable technologies.  

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve: An Empirical Analysis in the Indian Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Gambhir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Cubic Form ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality has been much under dispute. According to the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) hypothesis, environmental damage increases in the early stages of economic growth, but diminishes once nations reach higher levels of income. While the notion EKC is well established, there is controversy about its shape, incidence and determinants. In this paper, we model EKC with the variables of GDP and CO2 emissions (aggregate and per capita) using alternative model specifications to bridge the gap between conventional and modern EKC literature. We also place the theoretical construct of EKC into a policy-oriented framework by incorporating the impact of four global policy periods namely, liberalisation, globalisation, world recovery and global financial crisis. We substantiate a cubic form of EKC in the Indian context for the time period 1991 to 2014. With aggregate CO2 emissions as the dependent variable, the linear, quadratic and cubic terms are all significant with the expected signs, which confirm an N-shaped EKC for India. Even with per capita emissions as the dependent variable, existence of an N-shaped EKC is established. In this case however, evidence on the cubic term is rather weak which points towards the difference in socio-psychological factors that influence the revival of upturn in the case of India. The policy period analysis does not show any distinct results, which could be due to contradictory effects on different variables and volatility in these variables.

scholarly journals CO2 Emissions, Environmental Degradation, and Healthcare Expenditure: Evidence from Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisreen Moosa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

Environmental degradation (measured, for example) by CO2 emissions has an adverse effect on public health, leading to the need for a higher level of healthcare expenditure. The level of per capita income, which has been identified as a major determinant of healthcare expenditure, is associated with environmental degradation as represented by the environmental Kuznets curve. The results presented in this study show that when a country, like Australia, falls on the declining sector of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), healthcare expenditure is negatively related to environmental degradation. Although this proposition sounds counterintuitive, it is justified theoretically and supported empirically.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Environmental Quality in the European Union Countries – Is there Evidence for the Environmental Kuznets Curve?

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mazur ◽  
Zaur Phutkaradze ◽  
Jaba Phutkaradze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract This research empirically explores the relation between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth during the period 1992-2010, using panel data on the European Union countries. Both fixed and random effect models are employed to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita. While no U-shaped EKC was confirmed empirically for all 28 current EU member states, the graphical analysis demonstrates a justified turning point for CO2 emissions as GDP per capita reaches the level of 23,000 USD. Furthermore, there is a firm empirical ground for the EKC hypothesis based on data from 16 older, relatively high-income EU states. Thus, though not empirically confirmed, there is ample data verifying the existence of the EKC in EU economies.

scholarly journals Constitutional Change to Address Climate Change and Nonrenewable Energy Use

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1, 2 & 3) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Lynn McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Climate change, or climate breakdown, is arguably the greatest challenge we now face. The need to address it seriously has been widely accepted by all national political parties in Can- ada, if only lately and grudgingly. Yet Canada is far behind European countries in turning to low-carbon energy sources — we remain the world’s highest per capita energy user and car- bon emitter. We signed the Kyoto Protocol,1 but far from meeting our obligations under it, we have increased our greenhouse gas emissions. Our record is worse than even the Americans, who did not sign Kyoto.

Economic Growth And Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis In Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (68) ◽  
pp. 42-58
Author(s):  
Essa Alhannom ◽  
Ghaleb Mushabab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract This study investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Yemen and the causal relationships between Carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income, energy consumption, trade openness, and industrial share to GDP. ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, Error Correction Model, and Toda-Yamamoto procedure to Granger causality techniques were employed on annual data covering the period from 1990 to 2010. long run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants with significant effects for per capita GDP and trade openness, whereas, energy consumption and trade openness appear to be important determinants of CO2 emissions in the short run. Besides, based on Narayan and Narayan (2010) approach, it is found that the EKC hypothesis does not hold in Yemen and therefore the effect of per capita income on CO2 emissions is monotonically increasing. Toda-Yamamoto causality test proved the existence of bidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and CO2 emissions, between energy consumption and economic growth, and between trade openness and energy consumption

scholarly journals An empirical examination of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana: an ARDL approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kwabena Twerefou ◽  
Frank Adusah-Poku ◽  
William Bekoe
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThe Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between different pollutants and economic growth. In Ghana, as in many other developing countries, there exist scanty studies that confirm or otherwise the EKC hypothesis with regards to CO2 emissions as well as the factors that drive CO2 emissions. This work aims to bridge this knowledge gap by addressing these two major questions using data from 1970 to 2010 and the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing approach. The results rather suggest a U-shaped relationship between per capita GDP and CO2 emissions per capita indicating the non-existence of the EKC hypothesis for CO2 in Ghana. This implies that further increase in per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will only be associated with increase in CO2 emissions as the income per capita turning point of about $624 at constant 2000 prices occurred between 1996 and 1997. Furthermore, our results reveal energy consumption and trade openness are positive long run drivers of CO2 emissions. It is therefore recommended that the enhancement of trade liberalization policies should ensure the use of cleaner technologies and products while investment in cleaner energy alternatives could help reduce CO2 emissions. We also recommend the implementation of the Low Carbon Development Strategy which integrates development and climate change mitigation actions.

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