scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Chloride and Thiourea on Pollutant Formation during Combustion of Plastics

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Iñiguez ◽  
Juan Conesa ◽  
Andrés Fullana
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Pollutant Formation ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Chlorinated Pollutants ◽  
Polychlorinated Benzenes

Thermal decomposition of different samples containing a mixture of plastics (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and nylon) combined with NaCl and metal oxides (Fe2O3, CuO) was studied under an air atmosphere at 850 °C using a reactor, followed by analysis of the evolved products. Combustion runs were performed to study how the presence of such compounds influences the production of pollutants. Here, we report the analyses of the emissions of the main gases, as well as volatiles and semivolatiles, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated benzenes and phenols, and polybrominated phenols. Results show that the production of chlorinated pollutants did not increase in the presence of NaCl, but the presence of other metals during the decomposition led to the production of a great amount of pollutants. In this regard, the emission of chlorinated phenols increased from 110 to ca. 250 mg/kg when the sample included a small quantity of a transition metal oxide. Additionally, the presence of an inhibitor—thiourea (TUA)—was tested. Results confirm that adding TUA to the sample reduced these emissions to a considerable extent, with the emission of chlorinated phenols amounting to 65 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Isothermal Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition of Wood Chips from an Apple Tree

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Ivan Vitázek ◽  
Martin Šotnar ◽  
Stella Hrehová ◽  
Kristína Darnadyová ◽  
Jan Mareček
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
First Order Chemical Reaction ◽  
Isothermal Kinetic

The thermal decomposition of wood chips from an apple tree is studied in a static air atmosphere under isothermal conditions. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the values of the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor are 34 ± 3 kJ mol−1 and 391 ± 2 min−1, respectively. These results have also shown that this process can be described by the rate of the first-order chemical reaction. This reaction model is valid only for a temperature range of 250–290 °C, mainly due to the lignin decomposition. The obtained results are used for kinetic prediction, which is compared with the measurement. The results show that the reaction is slower at higher values of degree of conversion, which is caused by the influence of the experimental condition. Nevertheless, the obtained kinetic parameters could be used for the optimization of the combustion process of wood chips in small-scale biomass boilers.

Kinetic Modeling of Coal Thermal Decomposition under Air Atmosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 5158-5166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Lang Zhang ◽  
Kai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Air Atmosphere

scholarly journals Zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by thermal decomposition of zinc benzenepolycarboxylato precursors: Photoluminescent, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1475-1488
Author(s):  
Lidija Radovanovic ◽  
Jelena Zdravkovic ◽  
Bojana Simovic ◽  
Zeljko Radovanovic ◽  
Katarina Mihajlovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reactive Orange 16 ◽  
Air Atmosphere

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were obtained by thermal decomposition of one-dimensional zinc?benzenepolycarboxylato complexes as single- -source precursors at 450 ?C in an air atmosphere. The mechanism and kinetics of thermal degradation of zinc?benzenepolycarboxylato complexes were analyzed under non-isothermal conditions in an air atmosphere. The results of X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with an average crystallite size in the range of 39?47 nm and similar morphology. The band gap and the specific surface area of ZnO nanoparticles were determined using UV?Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method, respectively. The photoluminescent, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of the ZnO nanoparticles were also examined. The best photocatalytic activity in the degradation of C. I. Reactive Orange 16 dye was observed for the ZnO powder where the crystallites form the smallest agglomerates. All ZnO nanoparticles showed excellent inhibitory effect against Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.

Influence of heating rate on the physical and electrochemical properties of mixed metal oxides anodes synthesized by thermal decomposition method applying an ionic liquid

2018 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Mirella da Silva ◽  
Géssica de Oliveira Santiago Santos ◽  
Marilia Moura de Salles Pupo ◽  
Katlin Ivon Barrios Eguiluz ◽  
Giancarlo Richard Salazar-Banda
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxides ◽  
Mixed Metal ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method

scholarly journals Thermal Decomposition and Ceramifying Process of Ceramifiable Silicone Rubber Composite with Hydrated Zinc Borate

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Jiuqiang Song ◽  
Zhixiong Huang ◽  
Yan Qin ◽  
Xinyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Rubber Composite

The ceramifiable silicone rubber composite was prepared using hydrated zinc borate and kaolin as ceramifiable fillers. Effects of the hydrated zinc borate content and the combustion temperature on the properties of the ceramifiable silicone rubber composite were investigated. Thermal decomposition and ceramifying processes of the composite in a muffle furnace under air were also studied. The results showed that the density and the hardness of the composites increased as the content of the hydrated zinc borate increased from 0 to 30 phr. The tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. In addition, hydrated zinc borate decreased the decomposition temperature of the composite, whereas the residue weight under air atmosphere was increased. In the process of decomposition and oxidation of the ceramifiable silicone rubber composite in air, B2O3 was generated by the decomposition of zinc borate and participated in the formation of the residue network structure, which decreased the temperature of the ceramifying transition. The new phases, zinc aluminate (ZnO·Al2O3) and aluminum-rich mullite (9Al2O3·2SiO2), appeared after high-temperature thermochemical reactions. Microscopy images revealed that different structures were formed at different temperatures. The network structure of the ceramic residue became increasingly compact, and the compressive strength increased from 0.31 to 1.82 MPa with the increase of temperature from 800 to 1400 °C, which had a better protective effect on heat transfer and mass loss. The weight loss and the linear shrinkage of the ceramic residue was 37.6% and 21.9%, respectively, with the 30 phr content of hydrated zinc borate. The bending strength was improved from 0.11 to 11.58 MPa, and the compressive strength also increased from 0.03 to 1.14 MPa.

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