scholarly journals Optimal Micro-PMU Placement Using Mutual Information Theory in Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wu ◽  
Xiao Du ◽  
Wei Gu ◽  
Ping Ling ◽  
Jinsong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Point Estimation Method

Micro-phasor measurement unit (μPMU) is under fast development and becoming more and more important for application in future distribution networks. It is unrealistic and unaffordable to place all buses with μPMUs because of the high costs, leading to the necessity of determining optimal placement with minimal numbers of μPMUs in the distribution system. An optimal μPMU placement (OPP) based on the information entropy evaluation and node selection strategy (IENS) using greedy algorithm is presented in this paper. The uncertainties of distributed generations (DGs) and pseudo measurements are taken into consideration, and the two-point estimation method (2PEM) is utilized for solving stochastic state estimation problems. The set of buses selected by improved IENS, which can minimize the uncertainties of network and obtain system observability is considered as the optimal deployment of μPMUs. The proposed method utilizes the measurements of smart meters and pseudo measurements of load powers in the distribution systems to reduce the number of μPMUs and enhance the observability of the network. The results of the simulations prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with the comparison of traditional topological methods for the OPP problem. The improved IENS method can obtain the optimal complete and incomplete μPMU placement in the distribution systems.

scholarly journals Allocation of EV Public Charging Station in Renewable based Distribution Network using HHO Considering Uncertainties and Traffic Congestion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Pal ◽  
Aniruddha Bhattacharya ◽  
Ajoy Kumar Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques ◽  
Point Estimation Method

Abstract Electric vehicle (EV) is the growing vehicular technology for sustainable development to reduce carbon emission and to save fossil fuel. The charging station (CS) is necessary at appropriate locations to facilitate the EV owners to charge their vehicle as well as to keep the distribution system parameters within permissible limits. Besides that, the selection of a charging station is also a significant task for the EV user to reduce battery energy wastage while reaching the EV charging station. This paper presents a realistic solution for the allocation of public fast-charging stations (PFCS) along with solar distributed generation (SDG). A 33 node radial distribution network is superimposed with the corresponding traffic network to allocate PFCSs and SDGs. Two interconnected stages of optimization are used in this work. The first part deals with the optimization of PFCS’s locations and SDG’s locations with sizes, to minimize the energy loss and to improve voltage profile using harris hawk optimization (HHO) and few other soft computing techniques. The second part handles the proper assignment of EVs to the PFCSs with less consumption of the EV’s energy considering the road distances with traffic congestion using linear programming (LP), where the shortest paths are decided by Dijkstra's algorithm. The 2m point estimation method (2m PEM) is employed to handle the uncertainties associated with EVs and SDGs. The robustness of solutions are tested using wilcoxon signed rank test and quade test.

scholarly journals A Novel Analytical Approach for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generations in Radial Electrical Energy Distribution Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10224
Author(s):  
Sasan Azad ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Amiri ◽  
Morteza Nazari Heris ◽  
Ali Mosallanejad ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ameli
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Active Power Losses

Considering the strong influence of distributed generation (DG) in electric distribution systems and its impact on network voltage losses and stability, a new challenge has appeared for such systems. In this study, a novel analytical algorithm is proposed to distinguish the optimal location and size of DGs in radial distribution networks based on a new combined index (CI) to reduce active power losses and improve system voltage profiles. To obtain the CI, active power losses and voltage stability indexes were used in the proposed approach. The CI index with sensitivity analysis was effective in decreasing power losses and improving voltage stability. Optimal DG size was determined based on a search algorithm to reduce active power losses. The considered scheme was examined through IEEE 12-bus and 33-bus radial distribution test systems (RDTS), and the obtained results were compared and validated in comparison with other available methods. The results and analysis verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing power losses and improving the distribution system voltage profiles by determining the appropriate location and optimal DG size. In IEEE 12 and 33 bus networks, the minimum voltage increased from 0.9434 p.u and 0.9039 p.u to 0.9907 p.u and 0.9402 p.u, respectively. Additionally, the annual cost of energy losses decreased by 78.23% and 64.37%, respectively.

Optimal Placement and Sizing of TCSC for Improving the Voltage and Economic Indices of System with Stochastic Load Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. 2050217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Ghaedi ◽  
Behrouz Tousi ◽  
Maysam Abbasi ◽  
Masoud Alilou
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Stochastic Load ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Point Estimation Method

In this paper, an efficient method is proposed for optimal allocation and sizing of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) to improve the technical and economic indices of a power network with deterministic and stochastic load models. First, the compensator allocation is done in the transmission system with the deterministic load model. After calculating the technical and economic indices of the network in the presence of a deterministic load model, the proposed method is applied to the system with a stochastic load model. The two-point estimation method is used for simulating the stochastic conditions. The indices of voltage deviation and economics of the system are optimized for selecting the optimal location and size of TCSCs. The economic index comprises loss cost, cost of the produced active power of generators and also the costs of installation, operation and maintenance of TCSCs. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is utilized to optimize the objective functions. After the multi-objective optimization, the fuzzy decision method is employed to extract one of the Pareto-optimal solutions as the best compromise one. For evaluating the proposed method, comprehensive simulations have been performed on the IEEE 39-bus network by using MATLAB/Matpower software. The simulation results clearly prove the remarkable performance of the proposed method in improving the technical and economic indices of the system.

scholarly journals A Voltage-Based Approach for Series High Impedance Fault Detection and Location in Distribution Systems Using Smart Meters

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francinei L. Vieira ◽  
Pedro H. M. Santos ◽  
José M. Carvalho Filho ◽  
Roberto C. Leborgne ◽  
Marino P. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Voltage Unbalance ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
High Impedance Faults

High impedance faults (HIFs) have been a major concern for protecting distribution systems and public safety hazards when involving downed conductors. The deployment of smarter grids brings new technologies for smart monitoring, automation, and protection of distribution networks. This paper presents a new method for a series of HIF detection and location in primary distribution feeders, using voltage unbalance measurements collected from smart meters (SMs) installed at low-voltage end-users. The methodology was tested in MATLAB and Simulink through steady-state simulations of a typical 13.8 kV distribution system, under load unbalance and different fault scenarios. Results show that the proposed method is robust and accurate for the detection of blown fuses and broken conductors, with or without ground faults, located either at the source or the load-side. The ease of implementation in SM design, formulation of parameters, and reliable simulation results show potential real-life applications.

scholarly journals Advanced Distribution Measurement Technologies and Data Applications for Smart Grids: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E. Saldaña-González ◽  
Andreas Sumper ◽  
Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba ◽  
Miha Smolnikar
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Phasor Measurement Units ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Power Quality Monitoring ◽  
Measurement Units

The integration of advanced measuring technologies in distribution systems allows distribution system operators to have better observability of dynamic and transient events. In this work, the applications of distribution grid measurement technologies are explored in detail. The main contributions of this review are: (a) a comparison of eight advanced measurement devices for distribution networks, based on their technical characteristics, including reporting periods, measuring data, precision, and sample rate; (b) a review of the most recent applications of micro-Phasor Measurement Units, Smart Meters, and Power Quality Monitoring devices used in distribution systems, considering different novel methods applied for data analysis; and (c) an input-output table that relates measured quantities from micro-Phasor Measurement Units and Smart Meters needed for each specific application found in this extensive review. This paper aims to serve as an important guide for researches and engineers studying smart grids.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Load Flow–Based Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generators

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7857
Author(s):  
Ferdous Al Hossain ◽  
Md. Rokonuzzaman ◽  
Nowshad Amin ◽  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Mahmuda Khatun Mishu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Point Estimation Method

Distributed generation (DG) is gaining importance as electrical energy demand increases. DG is used to decrease power losses, operating costs, and improve voltage stability. Most DG resources have less environmental impact. In a particular region, the sizing and location of DG resources significantly affect the planned DG integrated distribution network (DN). The voltage profiles of the DN will change or even become excessively increased. An enormous DG active power, inserted into an improper node of the distribution network, may bring a larger current greater than the conductor’s maximum value, resulting in an overcurrent distribution network. Therefore, DG sizing and DG location optimization is required for a systematic DG operation to fully exploit distributed energy and achieve mutual energy harmony across existing distribution networks, which creates an economically viable, secure, stable, and dependable power distribution system. DG needs to access the location and capacity for rational planning. The objective function of this paper is to minimize the sum of investment cost, operation cost, and line loss cost utilizing DG access. The probabilistic power flow calculation technique based on the two-point estimation method is chosen for this paper’s load flow computation. The location and size of the DG distribution network are determined using a genetic algorithm in a MATLAB environment. For the optimum solution, the actual power load is estimated using historical data. The proposed system is based on the China distribution system, and the currency is used in Yuan. After DG access, active and reactive power losses are reduced by 53% and 26%, respectively. The line operating cost and the total annual cost are decreased by 53.7% and 12%, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing and Placement of Capacitor Banks in Distribution Networks Using a Genetic Algorithm

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Gian Giuseppe Soma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Capacitor Banks ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
Definition Of

Nowadays, response to electricity consumption growth is mainly supported by efficiency; therefore, this is the new main goal in the development of electric distribution networks, which must fully comply with the system’s constraints. In recent decades, the issue of independent reactive power services, including the optimal placement of capacitors in the grid due to the restructuring of the electricity industry and the creation of a competitive electricity market, has received attention from related companies. In this context, a genetic algorithm is proposed for optimal planning of capacitor banks. A case study derived from a real network, considering the application of suitable daily profiles for loads and generators, to obtain a better representation of the electrical conditions, is discussed in the present paper. The results confirmed that some placement solutions can be obtained with a good compromise between costs and benefits; the adopted benefits are energy losses and power factor infringements, taking into account the network technical limits. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks in distribution systems, with the definition of a suitable control pattern, have been proved.

scholarly journals Real Fault Location in a Distribution Network Using Smart Feeder Meter Data

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3242
Author(s):  
Hamid Mirshekali ◽  
Rahman Dashti ◽  
Karsten Handrup ◽  
Hamid Reza Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Fault Location ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
The Real

Distribution networks transmit electrical energy from an upstream network to customers. Undesirable circumstances such as faults in the distribution networks can cause hazardous conditions, equipment failure, and power outages. Therefore, to avoid financial loss, to maintain customer satisfaction, and network reliability, it is vital to restore the network as fast as possible. In this paper, a new fault location (FL) algorithm that uses the recorded data of smart meters (SMs) and smart feeder meters (SFMs) to locate the actual point of fault, is introduced. The method does not require high-resolution measurements, which is among the main advantages of the method. An impedance-based technique is utilized to detect all possible FL candidates in the distribution network. After the fault occurrence, the protection relay sends a signal to all SFMs, to collect the recorded active power of all connected lines after the fault. The higher value of active power represents the real faulty section due to the high-fault current. The effectiveness of the proposed method was investigated on an IEEE 11-node test feeder in MATLAB SIMULINK 2020b, under several situations, such as different fault resistances, distances, inception angles, and types. In some cases, the algorithm found two or three candidates for FL. In these cases, the section estimation helped to identify the real fault among all candidates. Section estimation method performs well for all simulated cases. The results showed that the proposed method was accurate and was able to precisely detect the real faulty section. To experimentally evaluate the proposed method’s powerfulness, a laboratory test and its simulation were carried out. The algorithm was precisely able to distinguish the real faulty section among all candidates in the experiment. The results revealed the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Multi-objective optimization of optimal capacitor allocation in radial distribution systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mir Shah Danish ◽  
Mikaeel Ahmadi ◽  
Atsushi Yona ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu ◽  
Narayanan Krishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective

AbstractThe optimal size and location of the compensator in the distribution system play a significant role in minimizing the energy loss and the cost of reactive power compensation. This article introduces an efficient heuristic-based approach to assign static shunt capacitors along radial distribution networks using multi-objective optimization method. A new objective function different from literature is adapted to enhance the overall system voltage stability index, minimize power loss, and to achieve maximum net yearly savings. However, the capacitor sizes are assumed as discrete known variables, which are to be placed on the buses such that it reduces the losses of the distribution system to a minimum. Load sensitive factor (LSF) has been used to predict the most effective buses as the best place for installing compensator devices. IEEE 34-bus and 118-bus test distribution systems are utilized to validate and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The simulation results obtained are compared with previous methods reported in the literature and found to be encouraging.

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