scholarly journals Thermo–Economical Evaluation of Producing Liquefied Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids from Flare Gases

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Barekat-Rezaei ◽  
Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord ◽  
Alireza Arjomand ◽  
Mohsen Jannatabadi ◽  
Mohammad Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Boiling Points

In many industrial plants including petrochemicals and refineries, raw hydrocarbons (mostly flammable gas) are released during unplanned operations. These flammable gases (usually called flare gases) are sent to a combustor and the process is called flaring. Flaring wastes energy and produces environmental pollution. Consequently, recovering the flare gases is an important subject in these industries. In this work, an economical and technical analysis is presented for the production of valuable products, namely, liquefied natural gas and natural gas liquids from flare gas. The flare gas of Fajr Jam refinery, a refinery located in the south part of Iran, is selected as a case study. One of the issues in recovering flare gases is the nonconstant flow rate of these gases. For this reason, an auxiliary natural gas flow rate is employed to have a constant feed for the flare recovery process. The Poly Refrigerant Integrated Cycle Operations (PRICO) refrigeration cycle is employed for producing liquefied natural gas and natural gas liquids. In the PRICO cycle, the mixed refrigerant is used as the working fluid. The other issue is the existence of H2S in the flare gases. The main idea is that the flare gas components, including H2S, have different boiling points and it is possible to separate them. Consequently, flare gases are separated into several parts during a number of successive cooling and heating stages and passing through phase separators. It is shown that the proposed flare gas recovery process prevents burning of 12 million cubic meters of the gases with valuable hydrocarbons, which is almost 70% of the current flare gases. Furthermore, about 11,000 tons of liquefied natural gas and 1230 tons of natural gas liquids are produced in a year. Finally, the economic evaluation shows a payback period of about 1.6 years.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Liquefied Natural Gas Vapor Utilization System Using a Gas Ejector

Inventions ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Victor Bolobov ◽  
Yana Vladimirovna Martynenko ◽  
Vladimir Voronov ◽  
Ilnur Latipov ◽  
Grigory Popov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Compressor Unit ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Lng Tank

The production, transportation, and storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a promising area in the gas industry due to a number of the fuel’s advantages, such as its high energy intensity indicators, its reduced storage volume compared to natural gas in the gas-air state, and it ecological efficiency. However, LNG storage systems feature a number of disadvantages, among which is the boil-off gas (BOG) recovery from an LNG tank by flaring it or discharging it to the atmosphere. Previous attempts to boil-off gas recovery using compressors, in turn, feature such disadvantages as large capital investments and operating costs, as well as low reliability rates. The authors of this article suggest a technical solution to this problem that consists in using a gas ejector for boil-off gas recovery. Natural gas from a high-pressure gas pipeline is proposed as a working fluid entraining the boil-off gas. The implementation of this method was carried out according to the developed algorithm. The proposed technical solution reduced capital costs (by approximately 170 times), metal consumption (by approximately 100 times), and power consumption (by approximately 55 kW), and improved the reliability of the system compared to a compressor unit. The sample calculation of a gas ejector for the boil-off gas recovery from an LNG tank with a capacity of 300 m3 shows that the ejector makes it possible to increase the boil-off gas pressure in the system by up to 1.13 MPa, which makes it possible to not use the first-stage compressor unit for the compression of excess vapours.

scholarly journals Development of the instrumentation system for gas-and-diesel fuelled BelAZ dump truck

2019 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Sergey Azikhanov ◽  
Aleksandr Bogomolov ◽  
Georgiy Dubov ◽  
Sergey Nokhrin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Stoichiometric Mixture ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
Engine Power

The prospects for the use of natural gas as a motor fuel are considered. The state-run program for the development of natural-gas-fuelled vehicles will entail an increase in the share of transport operating on natural gas. The data on the thermal performance of natural gas from various fields, the volumetric heat values of the stoichiometric mixture of which is almost the same, are given. The analysis of the operation of gas-diesel-fuelled BelAZ dump truck, which burns liquefied natural gas, is conducted. The schematic diagram for engine power supply with liquefied natural gas is given. The calculation of the liquefied natural gas supply system with the replacement of diesel fuel by 33% was made. As a result of the calculation, the diameter of a fuel manifold after injectors, which provides the recommended gas velocity through a manifold, was determined. The instrumentation system for controlling the amount of supplied natural gas is proposed. The complex allows obtaining data on the instantaneous gas flow rate and the total flow rate over a period of time. A pulsation damper used as part of the system allowed reducing gas pulsation in fuel manifolds after injectors, to create conditions for the use of orifice plate flow meters, and ensured the uniform supply of natural gas to both banks of cylinders, which favourably affected the engine.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KINERJA METHYL DIETHANOL AMINE (MDEA) DALAM PENYERAPAN KANDUNGAN H2S PADA PROSES PENGOLAHAN GAS ALAM

EKOLOGIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
. Sutanto ◽  
Ade Heri Mulyati ◽  
. Hermanto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Amine Solution ◽  
A Value ◽  
Logarithmic Equation ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Column Outlet ◽  
Sour Gas

Drilling natural gas contains water vapor (H2O) and contaminant gases such as CO2 and H2S which must be removed because it reduced the calorie value of the product. H2S gas is also corrosive, easily damaging equipment so that it increased maintenance costs. The process of removing CO2 and H2S gas uses MDEA (methyl diethanolamine). This study aims to determine the optimal concentration and flow rate of absorbent methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) to absorb H2S in the plant I gas flow in Energy Equity Epic (Sengkang) Pty.Ltd. The study was carried out with a steady MDEA mix absorbent flow rate (50% pure amine and 50% demineralization water) fixed at 13 US Gallons per minute flowing continuously at the upper absorber inlet, sour gas flow rate, at the bottom of the absorber inlet with variations in the flow gas namely 7,9,11,13,15,17 MMSCFD and is contacted with amine solution counter-current. Purified natural gas (sweet gas) produced from the top absorber column outlet with an H2S content below 10 ppm. The results showed that the greater the flow rate of gas inlet, the greater the acid gas absorbed. The  amount  of gas  entering and  exiting gas follows the  equation        y = 0.003 x - 2.2537. The ability of the amine solution to absorb H2S follows the logarithmic equation y = 0.167 ln (x) + 101.02 with a value of R = 0.9857, y is H2S absorbed by the amine solution and x is the H2S rate.

Liquefied natural gas flow in the insulation wall of a cargo containment system and its evaporation

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (14-15) ◽  
pp. 2605-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Bum Lee ◽  
Bum Jin Park ◽  
Shin Hyung Rhee ◽  
Jun Hong Bae ◽  
Kyung Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Containment System ◽  
Insulation Wall ◽  
Natural Gas Flow

scholarly journals Improving the blast furnace process by raising the natural gas flow rate in the upper heat exchnage stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salavat K. Sibagatullin ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr S. Kharchenko ◽  
Vitaly A. Beginyuk ◽  
Valentin N. Selivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Blast Furnace Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Furnace Process ◽  
Natural Gas Flow

scholarly journals Research of the Influence of Temperature Factor on Express Control of Natural Gas Combustion Heat

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
O. E. Seredyuk ◽  
N. M. Malisevich
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Functional Scheme

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the qualitative and quantitative composition of gas environments on the flame temperature of the combusted gas at different values of gas flow rate and changes volume ratio gas-air in its combustion. The functional scheme of the developed labo­ratory stand (Fig. 1), which provides temperature measurement during combustion of natural gas or propane-butane mixture, is considered. The design of the developed burner is described and the expe­rimental researches are carried out when measuring the flame temperature of the combusted gas during the operation of the laboratory stand. The opera­ting conditions of different thermocouples in measuring the temperature of the flared gas are investigated (Fig. 2). The temperature instability in the lower and upper flames was experimentally determined (Fig. 3) and its difference from the reference data [12, 13]. The measurement of the flame temperature with a uncased thermocouple and two thermocouples of different types with protective housings is reali­zed. Methodical error of temperature measurement by different thermocouples was estimated (Fig. 5). An algorithm for the implementation of measurement control in determining the heat of combustion of natural gas according to the patented method is outlined [11]. Experimental studies of temperature changes of combusted gas mixtures at different gas flow rates and different ratios with air, which is additionally supplied for gas combustion, were carried out (Figs. 4, 7). The computer simulation (Figs. 6, 8) of the change in the flame temperature was performed on the basis of the experimental data, which allowed to obtain approximate equations of the functional dependence of the flame temperature on the gas flow rate and the ratio of the additional air and gas consumption. The possibility of realization of the device of express control of the heating value of natural gas by measuring the combustion temperature of the investigated gases, which is based on the expe­rimentally confirmed increase in the flame temperature of the investigated gases with increasing their calorific value, is substantiated (Fig. 9). The necessity of further investigation of the optimization design characteristics of the burner and the operating conditions of combustion of the gases under rapid cont­rol of their combustion heat was established (Fig. 9).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document