scholarly journals Development of Chelating Agent-Based Polymeric Gel System for Hydraulic Fracturing

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamal ◽  
Marwan Mohammed ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Breaking Time ◽  
Glutamic Acid Diacetic Acid ◽  
High Shearing

Hydraulic Fracturing is considered to be one of the most important stimulation methods. Hydraulic Fracturing is carried out by inducing fractures in the formation to create conductive pathways for the flow of hydrocarbon. The pathways are kept open either by using proppant or by etching the fracture surface using acids. A typical fracturing fluid usually consists of a gelling agent (polymers), cross-linkers, buffers, clay stabilizers, gel stabilizers, biocide, surfactants, and breakers mixed with fresh water. The numerous additives are used to prevent damage resulting from such operations, or better yet, enhancing it beyond just the aim of a fracturing operation. This study introduces a new smart fracturing fluid system that can be either used for proppant fracturing (high pH) or acid fracturing (low pH) operations in sandstone formations. The fluid system consists of glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA) that can replace several additives, such as cross-linker, breaker, biocide, and clay stabilizer. GLDA is also a surface-active fluid that will reduce the interfacial tension eliminating the water-blockage effect. GLDA is compatible and stable with sea water, which is advantageous over the typical fracturing fluid. It is also stable in high temperature reservoirs (up to 300 °F) and it is also environmentally friendly and readily biodegradable. The new fracturing fluid formulation can withstand up to 300 °F of formation temperature and is stable for about 6 h under high shearing rates (511 s−1). The new fracturing fluid formulation breaks on its own and the delay time or the breaking time can be controlled with the concentrations of the constituents of the fluid (GLDA or polymer). Coreflooding experiments were conducted using Scioto and Berea sandstone cores to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed fluid. The flooding experiments were in reasonable conformance with the rheological properties of the developed fluid regarding the thickening and breaking time, as well as yielding high return permeability.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Water Associated with Conventional Oil Production and Sea Water as Base Fluids for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Effect of Water Chemistry on Crosslinking and Breaking Behaviors of Guar Gum-Based Fracturing Fluid Formulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayanand Saini ◽  
Timea Mezei
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Conventional Oil

 Even though water consumption per hydraulic fracturing (or fracturing) job is relatively low; nearly all of the fresh water used for fracturing in California is in the regions of high water stress such as San Jouquin and Los Angeles Basins. However, water availability should not be a concern as huge volumes of water are being produced along with oil and gas from conventional formations (i.e. associated water) in the Kern County of California, a region where most of the fracturing activities take place. This associated water can potentially be used for preparing fracturing fluids in stimulating the unconventional formations. The present study reports on the relevant investigation done in this area of interest.The results suggest that associated water chemistry has limited effect on the viscosity of cross-linked formulations. However, guar gum concentration was found to affect the breaking behaviors of cross-linked fracturing fluid formulations. The new type of commercially available biodegradable breaker was found to be effective in breaking the tested cross-linked formulations at elevated temperature which was as high as 85°C (185°F). Both crosslinking and breaking behaviors of fracturing fluid formulations evaluated in this study were found comparable to the behaviors of commonly used cross-linked formulation (guar gum + 2% potassium chloride). These results suggest that both the associated water (i.e. water resulting from regional conventional oil production activites) and sea water (offshore oil fields) could serve as alternative sources of base fluid for use in fracturing jobs without putting significant burden on precious regional fresh water resources.

Hydraulic Fracturing on Water from Alternative Sources: An Integrated Approach, Ways, and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Churakov ◽  
Maxim Nikolaevich Pichugin ◽  
Ruslan Ramilevich Gaynetdinov ◽  
Ildar Gayazovich Faizullin ◽  
Alexandras Pyatro Stabinskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid

Abstract In the context of a comprehensive search for ways to optimize and reduce operating costs for hydraulic fracturing operations, one of the areas to consider is the use of alternative water sources for making-up hydraulic fracturing fluids such as Cenomanian, mixed or produced water. This solution allows to optimize the speed and quality of work without wasting time and financial resources due to no need for heating and remote transportation. The main goal of the study was to create a stable guar-based hydraulic fracturing fluid system with a borate crosslinker, which allows high-quality treatment using high-salinity water. Much attention is paid to the composition of real saline sources, i.e. produced, mixed and Cenomanian water, which were sampled from the Gazpromneft-Khantos fields. Based on the data ranking by composition, the main groups of mineral components, as well as the cut-off criteria that determine the behavior of a hydraulic fracturing fluid in linear and cross-linked forms, were identified. The main stage of working on the fluid system quality included two areas: screening stabilizing components that meet the criteria for performing hydraulic fracturing operations, and assessing the fluid clogging properties based on flow tests. To study and select the composition of a hydraulic fracturing fluid, both standard and extended rheological tests were performed, which included core tests on real samples from target reservoirs and tests of residual conductivity and permeability of a proppant pack. The sand-transport properties of the fluid were measured both in static and dynamic conditions. The study resulted in the development of a fluid system complex including stabilizing additives and criteria for their applicability at real field conditions, taking into account the features of the existing equipment of hydraulic fracturing fleets. Experiments have shown that standard guar fluids based on water from alternative sources, when using a complex of stabilizing components, successfully replace the basic set of additives for fresh water, and are quite competitive not only in rheological properties and the ability to transport proppants, but also in restoring the permeability of a proppant pack and core samples. Each stabilizing component of such fluid makes its own unique contribution to achieving the required parameters of the fluid without losing its quality. An important achievement is the development of methods and criteria for the applicability of stabilizing components that make it possible to work with any source, whether it is produced, mixed, or Cenomanian water. The solution allows in a short time to adjust the fluid system depending on the actual mineral composition in a stationary field laboratory without the involvement of specialized equipment and expensive research.

Experimental Study on Novel High Density and High Temperature Tolerant Fracturing Fluid

2014 ◽  
Vol 1006-1007 ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Bo Xiao ◽  
Rui Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Viscosity Enhancement ◽  
High Shearing

Based on weighted agent sodium chloride, this study introduces a high density and high temperature tolerant fracturing fluid. According to the evaluation of the effect of weighted agent on the performance of base fluid and crosslinked fluid, conclusions can be got as follows. Introduction of weighted agent provides an auxiliary viscosity enhancement of the base fluid to some extent. Meanwhile, the crosslinked time is prolonged and gel breaking becomes more difficult owing to the interference effect of metal ions exerted on the crosslinking process between molecular chains of guar and crosslinker. Moreover, the experiments show that the novel fluid system has a strong tolerance of high temperature and high shearing rate. The viscosity of the fluid system with 15% weighted agent sodium chloride can maintain 160 mPa•s after 120 min shearing at 170 s-1under the temperature of 150 °C. The excellent performance of the fluid system ensures it has a good stimulation effect in the fracturing treatment in the deep and high temperature formation stimulation treatment.

Applications of a New, Efficient Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid System

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Powell ◽  
M.A. McCabe ◽  
B.F. Slabaugh ◽  
J.M. Terracina ◽  
J.G. Yaritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid

Laboratory Study and Evaluation on a Novel Clearfrac Fluid System

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Shuang Fei Zhong ◽  
Fu Jian Liu ◽  
Dong Xu Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant

Hydraulic fracturing is an effective measure to recover the permeabilityof reservoir and important to enhance oil and gas well production and water injection well. Fracturing fluid is the key factor in the fracture treatments. At present, water-based fracturing fluids are popular, because of low costs and steady performance, which has the largest applications. However, it performs badly in residue. The novel developed clearfrac fluid system named CF1 has lowresidue, cost affectivity, prior temperature resistance properties. Evaluation through a series of lab experiments, the experiments result show that the novel clearfrac fluid system can satisfy with the requirement of low damage and have favorable temperature resistance under 120 。C. The damage to the core matrix due to with the broken frac-fluid is low. Prior properties of the novel clear-fracturing fluid are suitable to high temperature and high pressure reservoirs. It is also a novel environmental friendly viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid. The development of the novel clear-fracturing fluid for hydraulic fracturing industry is significant.

Applications of a New, Efficient Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid System

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Powell ◽  
M.A. McCabe ◽  
B.F. Slabaugh ◽  
J.M. Terracina ◽  
J.G. Yaritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid
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