scholarly journals Study on Variation of Internal Heat Gain in Office Buildings by Chronology

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyemi Kim ◽  
Kyung-soon Park ◽  
Hwan-yong Kim ◽  
Young-hak Song
Keyword(s):  
Internal Heat ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Heat Gain

scholarly journals Environmental Heat Stress on Indoor Environments in Shallow, Deep and Covered Atrium Plan Form Office Buildings in Tropics

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra Rajapaksha
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Colombo Plan ◽  
Night Ventilation

Environmental heat stress on buildings through façades contributes to indoor overheating and thus increases demand for energy consumption. The study analyzed the problem, heat gain risk, of modern air-conditioned multi-level office buildings in tropics, for example Colombo. Plan form, orientation, sectional form and envelope were identified and theorized to understand design interventions to reduce the risk of getting heat stress on indoor environments. On-site thermal performance investigations in multi zones of identified three typical built forms, namely; shallow, deep and covered atrium plan forms, quantified the heat stress. Reaching the daytime indoor and surface temperature in peripheral zones of multi-story office buildings during air conditioning “off-mode” up to 38 °C–42 °C was seen as a critical heat stress situation to be addressed through building design. Shading or insulation on façades to control environmental heat gain and manipulation of building section for night ventilation to remove internal heat developed during the daytime are discussed. However, the significance of the plan form depth was found to be a main contributor in dealing with heat transfer to indoor space. Deep plan form was found to be more effective in controlling environmental heat transfer to indoor space across the plan depth.

scholarly journals The Impact of Aspect Ratio on External Heat Gain of Multi-storey Office Buildings in Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Wasiska Iyati ◽  
◽  
Eryani Nurma Yulita ◽  
Jusuf Thojib ◽  
Heru Sufianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
The Impact

The narrow land in big cities such as Jakarta, increases the amount of high rise building, especially multi-storey office building. Office building consumes much energy to provide air conditioning to meet the thermal comfort inside the building. On the other hand, the building shape, building envelope, and building orientation to the sun's position are the main factors in building design aspects that affect the amount of cooling load. This study aims to investigate the impact of the aspect ratio or the ratio of the longer dimension of an oblong plan to the shorter, on external heat gain of multi-storey office building. Variables examined include the transparent and solid area of building envelope, the total area of the surface of the building envelope in any orientation, and the volume of the building, as well as the influence of those proportion on the external heat gain. This study uses mathematical calculations to predict the cooling load of the building, particularly external heat gain through the walls, roof and glass, as well as comparative analysis of models studied. The study also aims to generate the design criteria of building form and proportion of multi-storey office buildings envelope with lower external heat gain. In Jakarta climatic conditions, the result on rectangular building plan with aspect ratio of 1 to 4 shows that the external heat gain did not differ significantly, and the smallest heat gain is found on the aspect ratio of 1.8. Results also showed that the greater aspect ratio, the greater reduction of external heat gain obtained by changing the orientation of the longest side facing east-west into the north-south, about 2.79% up to 42.14% on the aspect ratio of 1.1 to 4. In addition, it is known that in same building volume, changing the number of floors from 10 to 50 can improve the external heat gain almost twice.

scholarly journals Tenant-based measured electricity use in 4 large office buildings in Tallinn, Estonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 04001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ferrantelli ◽  
Hans Kristjan Aljas ◽  
Vahur Maask ◽  
Martin Thalfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Building Performance Simulation ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Internal Gain ◽  
Simulation Input

The energy performance assessment of buildings during design is usually based on energy simulations with pre-defined input data from standards and legislations. Typically, the internal gain values and profiles are based on EN 16798–1. However, studies have shown that the real electricity use of plug load and lighting varies more smoothly than in the profiles of EN 16798–1 where zero occupancy outside working hours is assumed. This might result in sub-optimal building solutions due to inadequate building performance simulation input data. The aim of this work is to structure and analyse data from a total of 196 electricity meters in 4 large office buildings in Tallinn, Estonia. Typically, 3 to 8 electricity meters were installed per floor with the consumption coming mainly from plug loads and electric lighting. The data had been gathered between the years 2016–2020 with either 1 or 24 hour time steps, depending on the building and the electricity meter. 3 out of the 4 buildings had an average normalized energy usage slightly below the modelling value calculated according to EN16798–1. Some office spaces stood out with an abnormally high electricity consumption, however, the 24-hour distributions were fairly compact, meaning quite steady consumption patterns. When looking at the dispersion of energy consumption per 24h, averaged over all given offices in a building, no outliers stood out, either. This means that there are not many days when the average consumption and internal heat gains of all offices were simultaneously well below the mean. Additionally, major events like holidays and the COVID19-induced lockdown show up well on the graphs, but also planned changes in occupancy can be seen.

scholarly journals Data for occupancy internal heat gain calculation in main building categories

Data in Brief ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1030-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Ahmed ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski ◽  
Bjarne Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Internal Heat ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Main Building

scholarly journals Heat Loss Due to Domestic Hot Water Pipes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6446
Author(s):  
Anti Hamburg ◽  
Alo Mikola ◽  
Tuule-Mall Parts ◽  
Targo Kalamees
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Pipe Insulation

Domestic hot water (DHW) system energy losses are an important part of energy consumption in newly built or in reconstructed apartment buildings. To reach nZEB or low energy building targets (renovation cases) we should take these losses into account during the design phase. These losses depend on room and water temperature, insulation and length of pipes and water circulation strategy. The target of our study is to develop a method which can be used in the early stages of design in primary energy calculations. We are also interested in how much of these losses cannot be utilised as internal heat gain and how much heat loss depends on the level of energy performance of the building. We used detailed DHW system heat loss measurements and simulations from an nZEB apartment building and annual heat loss data from a total of 22 apartment buildings. Our study showed that EN 15316-3 standard equations for pipe length give more than a twice the pipe length in basements. We recommend that for pipe length calculation in basements, a calculation based on the building’s gross area should be used and for pipe length in vertical shafts, a building’s heating area-based calculation should be used. Our study also showed that up to 33% of pipe heat losses can be utilised as internal heat gain in energy renovated apartment buildings but in unheated basements this figure drops to 30% and in shafts rises to 40% for an average loss (thermal pipe insulation thickness 40 mm) of 10.8 W/m and 5.1 W/m. Unutilised delivered energy loss from DHW systems in smaller apartment buildings can be up to 12.1 kWh/(m2·a) and in bigger apartment buildings not less than 5.5 kWh/(m2·a) (40 mm thermal pipe insulation).

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