scholarly journals Assessment of Collective Production of Biomethane from Livestock Waste for Urban Transportation Mobility in Brazil and the United States

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Pasqual ◽  
Harry Bollmann ◽  
Christopher Scott ◽  
Thiago Edwiges ◽  
Thais Baptista
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Collective Production

“Such business will be impossible”: Mitsubishi Trading Company and the roles of design and tariff policy in the American bicycle market (1933–1938)

2020 ◽  
pp. 002252662095713
Author(s):  
James Longhurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Flow ◽  
Tariff Policy ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Global War ◽  
Rare Opportunity

During the 1930s Mitsubishi Shoji Kaisha, a Japanese trading conglomerate, attempted to foster a market for adult bicycles in America. They promoted bikes manufactured by Nichibei Shoten (including Fuji, a brand eventually known worldwide). These imported designs were rare for the American market, reflecting European and Japanese use of the bicycle as urban transportation for adults, instead of American predilections for bicycles designed for children’s recreation. If Mitsubishi had been successful – introducing designs for adult practical bicycling that existed in other markets worldwide – mobility in the United States might be different today. But these possibilities were precluded by steep tariff walls, a legacy of xenophobic protectionism, and (eventually) global war. During the war the federal government seized Mitsubishi’s records, which now afford a rare opportunity to explore the divergences between worldwide transportation cultures, and to understand how policies structuring the global flow of goods shape local mobilities.

Urban Transportation Policies and Practices in the United States and Its Peer Countries

1997 ◽  
Vol 1576 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vukan R. Vuchic ◽  
Yong Eun Shin ◽  
Eric C. Bruun ◽  
Nikola Krstanoski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Multimodal Transportation ◽  
Transportation Policies ◽  
Car Travel ◽  
The U.S

All developed countries experience similar trends and problems in urban transportation: growth of cities and affluence result in an increase in car dependency. Increased volumes of car travel lead to congestion and many negative effects, often termed as the “collision of cities and cars.” A review of urban transportation policies and their implementation in the United States and its peer countries—Australia, Canada, and countries in Western Europe and East Asia—indicates that all peer countries except Great Britain place major emphasis on maintaining the human orientation of cities. They pursue policies aimed at achieving multimodal transportation systems and preventing automobile dominance. The United States, after significant strides in that direction up to 1980, has returned to policies favoring car travel and reducing support for alternative modes—transit, bicycles, and walking. This trend largely ignores the spirit and mandates of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. The gap between the United States and its peer countries is increasing. Present U.S. policies are likely to aggravate this situation. An example is presented: New York is compared with its peer cities in accessibility for long-distance travel. Its competitiveness in this respect is lagging. This trend cannot be ignored. As its peers learned from the U.S. experiences in highway and traffic engineering in the past, the U.S. should now learn from its peers how to avoid total car dependence and implement multimodal transportation systems to improve the livability of its metropolitan areas.

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