scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity of Energy-Related CO2 Emission Growth Rates around the World and Their Determinants during 1990–2014

Energies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yebing Fang ◽  
Limao Wang ◽  
Zhoupeng Ren ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Chufu Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
The World ◽  
Emission Growth

scholarly journals The Use of CO2 in the Production of Bioplastics for an Even Greener Chemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11278
Author(s):  
Drault Fabien ◽  
Youssef Snoussi ◽  
Ivaldo Itabaiana ◽  
Robert Wojcieszak
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
World Population ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Furoic Acid ◽  
Project Report ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
The World ◽  
Furandicarboxylic Acid

The high life expectancy of the world population provokes increase in demand for food and energy. As a result, the intense industrialization and the application of fossil sources is responsible for high levels of CO2 emission and waste generation. To mitigate the CO2 emission a practical solution at the very short term is urgently needed. The capture of CO2 and its application in chemical processes for the valorization of residual biomass are of great importance nowadays. The application of CO2 in the selective carboxylation of furoic acid for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a bio-based monomer, has been an important step towards obtaining biopolymers to replace petroleum-based plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In this project report, we discuss on the current challenges for obtaining the 2,5-FDCA precursor from the furfural in two main routes involving oxidation and carboxylation via heterogeneous catalysis. We present the main objectives and discuss the importance of this research for the development of more sustainable processes.

scholarly journals Classification of integration associations according to the degree of development of a single transport space

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
Mikhail S Komov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Negative Growth

In modern conditions of development of integration processes in the world economy, special importance is attached to the transport sector. The formation of a single transport space (STS) in the regions creates additional opportunities for the economic development of the integrating countries. At the same time, the literature does not pay enough attention to the definition of the essence of the single transport space and the classification of integration associations according to the degree of its development. Therefore, there is a need to develop such a classification. The article substantiates the expediency of classification of integration associations according to the degree of development of a single transport space. The author's formal-logical classification is developed, which is based on three basic types of a single transport space: transport and logistics type provide a positive multiplier of integrated economic growth for all participating countries; innovative-logistic and customs-logistic types cause polarization in the action of the multiplier of integrated economic growth (in particular, both positive and negative growth rates of GDP values of the participating countries are possible); industrial and logistics type provide a zero multiplier of integrated economic growth for all participating countries. The conclusion is made about the possibility of unification and harmonization of transport space in the practice of integration associations on the basis of the developed classification.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Carbon Emissions Efficiency of the Logistics Industry Based on a Super-SBM Model and the Malmquist Index from a Strong Transportation Strategy Perspective in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8459
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Jiang ◽  
Jianxiao Ma ◽  
Huizhe Zhu ◽  
Xiucheng Guo ◽  
Zhaoguo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Sbm Model ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Emission Growth ◽  
Second Category

Carbon emissions from the logistics industry have been rising year after year. Correct handling of the relationship between economic development and environmental protection is of great significance to the implementation of green logistics, which is an important component of China’s strategy for strong transportation. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the carbon emissions efficiency of logistics industry from a new strong transportation strategy perspective. A super-efficiency slack-based measurement (Super-SBM) model and Malmquist index are combined to evaluate the static and dynamic carbon emissions efficiency of the logistics industry. The results indicate that compared with the SBM model, the Super-SBM model can more effectively measure the carbon emissions efficiency of the logistics industry. Pilot regions for the strong transportation strategy were divided into two categories, namely regions with slow carbon emission growth rates but high efficiency, and regions with high carbon emission growth rates but low efficiency. Some policy recommendations from the strong transportation strategy perspective were proposed to improve the carbon emissions efficiency of the logistics industry, especially for the second category of pilot regions. This study is expected to provide a basis for decision-making for efficient emissions reduction measures and policies, and to encourage the pilot regions to take the lead in achieving the goal of China’s strategy for transportation.

scholarly journals Compressive Strength of Vege-Grout Bricks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
NA Dzulkifli ◽  
RC Omar ◽  
Fathoni Usman ◽  
Hairin Taha ◽  
KA Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
The World

Brick is one of largest material used in construction of infrastructure all over the world. A conventional bricks such as clay brick and concrete brick are produced from clay with high temperature kiln firing and from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete respectively.   Both of this activities lead to CO2 emission. The burning process requires high temperature at the same time release carbon dioxide and pollute the environment. At present, carbon emissions has become a crucial issues in the society that must be solved. Several studies had demonstrated that brick can be produced from bacteria based on Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP). The objective of this study is to develop cement free- brick from vegetables waste with added eggshell as calcium additive to induce biocementation of brick. Brick specimen was cast in the mould size 210 x 90 x 65 mm and casting for 28 days. The study showed that there was an increased in compressive strength up to 0.062 N/mm2 as the curing period increased to 28 days which showed the occurrence of biocementation activities. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of calcite precipitation. The result indicated that vege-grout can be used as binding agent for biocementation to produce bricks.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1991 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Andrew Gurney ◽  
Ray Barrell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World

In the course of the last 2 years economic performance in the major 7 economies has become less synchronised. In 1988 GNP grew by more than 3.5 per cent in all seven economies, with growth rates either at or close to cyclical highs. However for 1991 we expect negative GNP growth for Canada and the United Kingdom, negligible growth in the United States, growth of around 1.5 per cent in France and Italy, and of over 3 per cent in Germany and Japan. Table 1 shows that GNP growth in the major 7 economies is expected to slow to 1.2 per cent in 1991. Chart 1 highlights the different responses among the major 4 economies.

Short-term dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of CO2 emission from the soils of natural and urban ecosystems in the Central Chernozemic Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sarzhanov ◽  
V. I. Vasenev ◽  
Yu. L. Sotnikova ◽  
A. Tembo ◽  
I. I. Vasenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Formation and characteristics of ions and charged aerosol particles in a native Australian Eucalypt forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suni ◽  
M. Kulmala ◽  
A. Hirsikko ◽  
T. Bergman ◽  
L. Laakso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
New Particle Formation ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
The World ◽  
Strong Source

Abstract. Biogenic aerosol formation is likely to contribute significantly to the global aerosol load. In recent years, new-particle formation has been observed in various ecosystems around the world but hardly any measurements have taken place in the terrestrial Southern Hemisphere. Here, we report the first results of atmospheric ion and charged particle concentrations as well as of new-particle formation in a Eucalypt forest in Tumbarumba, South-East Australia, from July 2005 to October 2006. The measurements were carried out with an Air Ion Spectrometer (AIS) with a size range from 0.34 to 40 nm. The Eucalypt forest was a very strong source of new aerosol particles. Daytime aerosol formation took place on 52% of days with acceptable data, which is 2–3 times as often as in the Nordic boreal zone. Average growth rates for negative/positive 1.5–3 nm particles during these formation events were 2.89/2.68 nmh−1, respectively; for 3-7 nm particles 4.26/4.03, and for 7–20 nm particles 8.90/7.58 nmh−1, respectively. The growth rates for large ions were highest when the air was coming from the native forest which suggests that the Eucalypts were a strong source of condensable vapours. Average concentrations of cluster ions (0.34–1.8 nm) were 2400/1700 cm−3 for negative/positive ions, very high compared to most other measurements around the world. One reason behind these high concentrations could be the strong radon efflux from the soils around the Tumbarumba field site. Furthermore, comparison between night-time and daytime concentrations supported the view that cluster ions are produced close to the surface within the boundary layer also at night but that large ions are mostly produced in daytime. Finally, a previously unreported phenomenon, nocturnal aerosol formation, appeared in 32% of the analysed nights but was clustered almost entirely within six months from summer to autumn in 2006. From January to May, nocturnal formation was 2.5 times as frequent as daytime formation. Therefore, it appears that in summer and autumn, nocturnal production was the major mechanism for aerosol formation in Tumbarumba.

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