scholarly journals Distributed Genetic Algorithms for Low-Power, Low-Cost and Small-Sized Memory Devices

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Denis R. da S. Medeiros ◽  
Marcelo A. C. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Distributed Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Serial Peripheral Interface ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Hardware In Loop ◽  
Proper Operation

This work presents a strategy to implement a distributed form of genetic algorithm (GA) on low power, low cost, and small-sized memory aiming for increased performance and reduction of energy consumption when compared to standalone GAs. This strategy focuses on making a distributed version of GA feasible to run as a low cost and a low power consumption embedded system utilizing devices such as 8-bit microcontrollers (µCs) and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for data transmission between those devices. Details about how the distributed GA was designed from a previous standalone implementation made by the authors and how the project is structured are presented. Furthermore, this work investigates the implementation limitations and shows results about its proper operation, most of them collected with the Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) technique, and resource consumption such as memory and processing time. Finally, some scenarios are analyzed to identify where this distributed version can be utilized and how it is compared to the single-node standalone implementation in terms of performance and energy consumption.

The Development of Embedded System for Energy Saving in Electro-Hydraulic System

2013 ◽  
Vol 418 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Sema Patchim ◽  
Watcharin Po-Ngaen
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Power Utility ◽  
Load Sensing ◽  
Oil Flow

In last decade, energy efficiency of hydraulic actuators systems has been especially important in industrial machinery applications [1-. And an advanced electronics world most of the applications are developed by microcontroller based embedded system. Energy processor based variable oil flow of hydraulic controller was presented to improve the efficiency of the motor by maintaining with the load sensing. These PIC processor combined with fuzzy controller were help to design efficient optimal power hydraulic machine controller. A functional design of processor and in this system was completed by using load sensing signal to control oil flow. The advantage of the proposed system was optimized operational performance and low power utility. Without having the architectural concept of any motor we can control it by using this method. This is a low cost low power controller and easy to use. The experiment results verified its validity.

Comparison and Analysis of ONU Sleep Mechanism Based on OPNET for Green Fiber-Wireless Access Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Peng Chao Han ◽  
Yin Peng Yu ◽  
Yu Fang Zhou ◽  
Ya Min Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Save Energy

As one of promising "last mile" scheme for broadband access network, Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) access network has the advantages of high capacity, long distance, low cost etc because it is the integration of optical back-end and wireless front-end. At the same time, energy consumption of FiWi access network is an important factor that limits the development of networks. A number of ONU sleep states such as ONU power shedding state, ONU doze state, ONU deep sleep state and ONU fast sleep state have been proposed to obtain low-power ONU state, which indirectly reduce energy consumption of networks. However, these low-power states of ONU are born to coordinate to green Passive Optical Network (PON), of which the function of ONU is different from FiWi. In this paper, two low power ONU sleep mechanisms called Static ONU Sleep (SOS) mechanism and Dynamic ONU Sleep (DOS) mechanism, respectively, are proposed and embedded into FiWi access network. By simulation and analysis based on OPNET 14.5, this paper shows that the DOS mechanism has a better performance than SOS, and both of them can save energy of FiWi access network.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks in Mesh Scenarios for Precision Agriculture

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3814
Author(s):  
Frederico O. Sales ◽  
Yelco Marante ◽  
Alex B. Vieira ◽  
Edelberto Franco Silva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Grid Topology

Sensor nodes are small, low-cost electronic devices that can self-organize into low-power networks and are susceptible to data packet loss, having computational and energy limitations. These devices expand the possibilities in many areas, like agriculture and urban spaces. In this work, we consider an IoT environment for monitoring a coffee plantation in precision agriculture. We investigate the energy consumption under low-power and lossy networks considering three different network topologies and an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized Low-power and Lossy Network (LLN) routing protocol, the Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL). For RPL, each secondary node selects a better parent according to some Objective Functions (OFs). We conducted simulations using Contiki Cooja 3.0, where we considered the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and hop-count metric (HOP) metrics to evaluate energy consumption for three distinct topologies: tree, circular, and grid. The simulation results show that the circular topology had the best (lowest) energy consumption, being 15% better than the grid topology and 30% against the tree topology. The results help the need to improve the evolution of RPL metrics and motivate the network management of the topology.

Hardware Realization of Antifogging System

2017 ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Amruta Laxman Deshmukh ◽  
Satbir Singh ◽  
Balwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Model System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Condensed Water

There are many reasons for invisibility of objects on road in daylight, majority of them are Fog (condensed water droplets in atmosphere), smog (soot particles in air). This reduced visibility is one of the prime factors responsible for accident of vehicles and disadvantage in surveillance system. This chapter takes account of a method that comprises of a complete embedded system for the process of restoring the captured foggy images. Use of a novel ‘Mean Channel Prior' algorithm for defogging is presented. Further detailed step by step explanation is given for hardware implementation of MATLAB code. Hardware consists of raspberry pi which is an ARM7 Quad Core processor based mini computer model. System serves as portable, low cost and low power processing unit with provision of interfacing a camera and a display screen.

scholarly journals Normative Aspects of Nudging in the International Sphere

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Doron Teichman ◽  
Eyal Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation ◽  
Regulatory Problems

The use of nudges—“low-cost, choice-preserving, behaviorally informed approaches to regulatory problems”—has become quite popular at the national level in the past decade or so. Examples include changing the default concerning employees’ saving for retirement in a bid to encourage such saving; altering the default about consent to posthumous organ donation to increase the supply of organs for transplantation; and informing people about other people's energy consumption to spur them to reduce theirs. Nudges are therefore used to promote the welfare of the people being nudged, and of society at large. However, the use of nudges has sparked a lively normative debate. When turning to the international arena, new arguments for and against nudges can be raised. This essay focuses on the normative aspects of using nudges in the international arena.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Embedded System Using Convolutional Neural Networks-Based Spatiotemporal Feature Map for Real-Time Human Action Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4940
Author(s):  
Jinsoo Kim ◽  
Jeongho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Action Recognition ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Feature Maps

The field of research related to video data has difficulty in extracting not only spatial but also temporal features and human action recognition (HAR) is a representative field of research that applies convolutional neural network (CNN) to video data. The performance for action recognition has improved, but owing to the complexity of the model, some still limitations to operation in real-time persist. Therefore, a lightweight CNN-based single-stream HAR model that can operate in real-time is proposed. The proposed model extracts spatial feature maps by applying CNN to the images that develop the video and uses the frame change rate of sequential images as time information. Spatial feature maps are weighted-averaged by frame change, transformed into spatiotemporal features, and input into multilayer perceptrons, which have a relatively lower complexity than other HAR models; thus, our method has high utility in a single embedded system connected to CCTV. The results of evaluating action recognition accuracy and data processing speed through challenging action recognition benchmark UCF-101 showed higher action recognition accuracy than the HAR model using long short-term memory with a small amount of video frames and confirmed the real-time operational possibility through fast data processing speed. In addition, the performance of the proposed weighted mean-based HAR model was verified by testing it in Jetson NANO to confirm the possibility of using it in low-cost GPU-based embedded systems.

scholarly journals Recurrent Neural Network for Human Activity Recognition in Embedded Systems Using PPG and Accelerometer Data

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Michele Alessandrini ◽  
Giorgio Biagetti ◽  
Paolo Crippa ◽  
Laura Falaschetti ◽  
Claudio Turchetti
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Human Activity Recognition ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Accelerometer Data

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a common and practical technique to detect human activity and other physiological parameters and is commonly implemented in wearable devices. However, the PPG signal is often severely corrupted by motion artifacts. The aim of this paper is to address the human activity recognition (HAR) task directly on the device, implementing a recurrent neural network (RNN) in a low cost, low power microcontroller, ensuring the required performance in terms of accuracy and low complexity. To reach this goal, (i) we first develop an RNN, which integrates PPG and tri-axial accelerometer data, where these data can be used to compensate motion artifacts in PPG in order to accurately detect human activity; (ii) then, we port the RNN to an embedded device, Cloud-JAM L4, based on an STM32 microcontroller, optimizing it to maintain an accuracy of over 95% while requiring modest computational power and memory resources. The experimental results show that such a system can be effectively implemented on a constrained-resource system, allowing the design of a fully autonomous wearable embedded system for human activity recognition and logging.

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