scholarly journals Security Information Sharing in Smart Grids: Persisting Security Audits to the Blockchain

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
Andrés Marín-López ◽  
Sergio Chica-Manjarrez ◽  
David Arroyo ◽  
Florina Almenares-Mendoza ◽  
Daniel Díaz-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Digital Evidence ◽  
Operations Planning ◽  
Audit Result ◽  
Evidence Gathering ◽  
Security Audits

With the transformation in smart grids, power grid companies are becoming increasingly dependent on data networks. Data networks are used to transport information and commands for optimizing power grid operations: Planning, generation, transportation, and distribution. Performing periodic security audits is one of the required tasks for securing networks, and we proposed in a previous work autoauditor, a system to achieve automatic auditing. It was designed according to the specific requirements of power grid companies, such as scaling with the huge number of heterogeneous equipment in power grid companies. Though pentesting and security audits are required for continuous monitoring, collaboration is of utmost importance to fight cyber threats. In this paper we work on the accountability of audit results and explore how the list of audit result records can be included in a blockchain, since blockchains are by design resistant to data modification. Moreover, blockchains endowed with smart contracts functionality boost the automation of both digital evidence gathering, audit, and controlled information exchange. To our knowledge, no such system exists. We perform throughput evaluation to assess the feasibility of the system and show that the system is viable for adaptation to the inventory systems of electrical companies.

Disclosure, Security, Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-116
Author(s):  
Darryl K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Digital Evidence ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Evidence Gathering ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Trial Evidence

Criminal disclosure rules in all common law jurisdictions are organized around the same sets of conflicting aims. Pre-trial evidence disclosure is essential to fair and accurate adjudication. Yet certain types of information, such as identities of undercover operatives and ongoing law enforcement surveillance, must be kept confidential. Beyond these tensions, disclosure practices face new challenges arising primarily from evolving technology and investigative tactics. This chapter describes divergent approaches across common law jurisdictions—especially among U.S. states—to these challenges and offers explanations for their differences. It also sketches the technology-based challenges that discovery schemes face and offers options, or tentative predictions about their resolution. Differences often turn on who decides whether to withhold information from the defense—judges or prosecutors—and when certain information must be disclosed. Broader disclosure regimes tend to put greater trust in judicial capacity to dictate or at least review hard questions about the costs, benefits, and timing of disclosure; narrower systems leave more power in prosecutors’ hands. Technology has multiplied challenges for disclosure policy by vastly increasing evidence-gathering tactics and thus the nature and volume of information. Disclosure rules adapted fairly easily to the rise much forensic lab analysis. But fast-growing forms of digital evidence is more problematic. Defendants may lack the time to examine volumes of video and technical resources to analyze other data; sometimes prosecutors do as well. The chapter identifies some possible solutions emerging through technology and law reform, as well as trend toward greater judicial management of pre-trial disclosure.

Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

2022 ◽  
pp. 1192-1211
Author(s):  
Cosmin Darab
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

Electric vehicles were proposed as a good solution to solving energy crisis and environmental problems caused by the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. In the last years due to the rapid development of the electric vehicles, the problem of power grid integration was addressed. In order to not put additional pressure onto the power grid several new technologies were developed. This chapter presents the smart grid technology, vehicle-to-grid concept, and electric vehicles grid integration. These technologies made possible the integration of electric vehicles without any major changes in the power grid. Moreover, electric vehicles integration brought new benefits to the power grid like better integration of renewable energy.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Practical Issues for Interoperability Using the Common Information Model in Smart Grids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Hyun Joong Kim ◽  
Chang Min Jeong ◽  
Jin-Man Sohn ◽  
Jhi-Young Joo ◽  
Vaibhav Donde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Management System ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Common Information Model ◽  
The Common

Smart grids with interoperability improve grid reliability by collecting system information and transferring it to an energy management system and associated applications through a seamless end-to-end connection. To achieve interoperability, it is required to exchange the semantic information within the different domains. The international electrotechnical commission has established the Common Information Model (CIM) tool, which is a standard application programming interface for the exchange of semantic information in power systems. CIM provides a robust framework for accurate data sharing, merging, and transformation into reusable information. However, as CIM provides a basic framework for information exchange, various practical issues arise in establishing an energy management system capable of exchanging information using CIM. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive understanding by summarizing and categorizing the research on the practical use of CIM for interoperability in smart grids. Many papers are analyzed and the issues are classified into CIM extension, harmonization, and validation to address the issues that arise when establishing an integrated information exchange system.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Distributed Estimation for Data Fusion Using a Statistical Approach in Smart Grid Noisy Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatura Seneviratne ◽  
Patikiri Arachchige Don Shehan Nilmantha Wijesekara ◽  
Henry Leung
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Distributed Estimation ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Grid Infrastructures

Internet of Things (IoT) can significantly enhance various aspects of today’s electric power grid infrastructures for making reliable, efficient, and safe next-generation Smart Grids (SGs). However, harsh and complex power grid infrastructures and environments reduce the accuracy of the information propagating through IoT platforms. In particularly, information is corrupted due to the measurement errors, quantization errors, and transmission errors. This leads to major system failures and instabilities in power grids. Redundant information measurements and retransmissions are traditionally used to eliminate the errors in noisy communication networks. However, these techniques consume excessive resources such as energy and channel capacity and increase network latency. Therefore, we propose a novel statistical information fusion method not only for structural chain and tree-based sensor networks, but also for unstructured bidirectional graph noisy wireless sensor networks in SG environments. We evaluate the accuracy, energy savings, fusion complexity, and latency of the proposed method by comparing the said parameters with several distributed estimation algorithms using extensive simulations proposing it for several SG applications. Results prove that the overall performance of the proposed method outperforms other fusion techniques for all considered networks. Under Smart Grid communication environments, the proposed method guarantees for best performance in all fusion accuracy, complexity and energy consumption. Analytical upper bounds for the variance of the final aggregated value at the sink node for structured networks are also derived by considering all major errors.

scholarly journals Distributed Optimal Control of Transient Stability for a Power Information Physical System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shiming Chen ◽  
Kaiqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Distributed Optimal Control ◽  
Control Scheme

The development of power energy structures and information communication technology has promoted the renewal of smart grid information-physical structures. At the same time, the changes in the smart grid energy structure and the vulnerability of the information network threaten the stability of the power system and uses multiagent control theory to improve the transient stability of the power grid which has strong practicability. In this paper, an optimized distributed control scheme is proposed for application to the smart grid model so that the grid system can flexibly adapt to the external operating conditions and recover to stable operating conditions after being disturbed. In this paper, an intelligent power grid information-physical network simulation system is established. According to the information exchange within the multiagent system, groups of coherent generators in the disturbed power grid in different regions are identified and controlled. Distributed control is applied to maintain the exponential frequency synchronization and phase angle aggregation of the synchronous generators to achieve transient stability. Finally, the effectiveness and rapidity of the proposed distributed optimal control scheme are verified by simulation analysis of the IEEE 39 node model.

scholarly journals Energy storage systems: power grid and energy market use cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Komarnicki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Large Growth ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Storage Technologies

Abstract Current power grid and market development, characterized by large growth of distributed energy sources in recent years, especially in Europa, are according energy storage systems an increasingly larger field of implementation. Existing storage technologies, e.g. pumped-storage power plants, have to be upgraded and extended by new but not yet commercially viable technologies (e.g. batteries or adiabatic compressed air energy storage) that meet expected demands. Optimal sizing of storage systems and technically and economically optimal operating strategies are the major challenges to the integration of such systems in the future smart grid. This paper surveys firstly the literature on the latest niche applications. Then, potential new use case and operating scenarios for energy storage systems in smart grids, which have been field tested, are presented and discussed and subsequently assessed technically and economically.

scholarly journals A Hierarchical Game Theory Based Demand Optimization Method for Grid-Interaction of Energy Flexible Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Xu ◽  
Chengchu Yan ◽  
Yizhe Xu ◽  
Jingfeng Shi ◽  
Kai Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Nash Equilibrium Solutions

Building demand-side management is an effective solution for relieving the peak and imbalance problems of electrical grids. How to explore the energy flexibility of buildings and to coordinate a variety of buildings with different energy flexibilities for effective interactions with smart grids are a great challenge. This paper proposes a game theory–based hierarchical demand optimization method for energy flexible buildings for achieving better grid interactions. This method consists of two optimization strategies at the grid and building levels. At the grid level, a demand-price interaction model for buildings and the grid is established to identify the Nash equilibrium solutions based on game theory; these solutions are used to determine the optimized energy demand of buildings and the associated electricity prices by accommodating the interests of all participants involved. At the building level, three types of buildings with different energy flexibilities are investigated to analyze the influence of building management strategies on grid interactions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in a simulated case study. The results show that the optimization method can reduce building operational cost by 3–18%, reduce the fluctuation of the power grid by 30–50%, and ensure that the power grid increases income by 8–20%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document