scholarly journals UAV-Assisted Hybrid Scheme for Urban Road Safety Based on VANETs

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Sayed Jobaer ◽  
Yihong Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Ather Iqbal Hussain ◽  
Foysal Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector

Traffic congestion control is becoming a popular field of research due to the rapid development of the automotive market. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become the core research technology for numerous application possibilities related to road safety. Road congestions have been a serious issue of all time since the nodes have high mobility and transmission range is limited, resulting in an interruption of communication. One of the significant technical challenges faced in implementing VANET is the design of the routing protocol, providing adequate information and a reliable source for the destination. We proposed a novel mechanism unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol (UAVa) for current-time traffic information accumulation and sharing to the entire traffic network and to control congestions before it happens. The UAV-assisted (UAVa) protocol is dedicated to urban environments, and its primary goal is to enhance the performance of routing protocols based on intersections. We compared the overall performance of existing routing protocols, namely ad hoc on-demand distance vector. The simulations were done by using OpenStreetMap (OSM), Network Simulator (NS-2.35), Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), and VanetMobiSim. Furthermore, we compared the simulation results with AODV, and it shows that UAV-assisted (UAVa) AODV has significantly enhanced the packet delivery ratio, reduced the end-to-end delay, improved the average and instant throughput, and saved more energy. The results show that the UAVa is more robust and effective and we can conclude that UAVa is more suitable for VANETs.

scholarly journals An Optimized and Efficient Routing Protocol Application for IoV

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Kiran Afzal ◽  
Rehan Tariq ◽  
Farhan Aadil ◽  
Zeshan Iqbal ◽  
Nouman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Link State ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing ◽  
Better Than

IoV is the latest application of VANET and is the alliance of Internet and IoT. With the rapid progress in technology, people are searching for a traffic environment where they would have maximum collaboration with their surroundings which comprise other vehicles. It has become a necessity to find such a traffic environment where we have less traffic congestion, minimum chances of a vehicular collision, minimum communication delay, fewer communication errors, and a greater message delivery ratio. For this purpose, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) was devised where vehicles were communicating with each other in an infrastructureless environment. In VANET, vehicles communicate in an ad hoc manner and communicate with each other to deliver messages, for infotainment purposes or for warning other vehicles about emergency scenarios. Unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) assisted VANET is one of the emerging fields nowadays. For VANET’s routing efficiency, several routing protocols are being used like optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, and destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) protocol. To meet the need of the upcoming era of artificial intelligence, researchers are working to improve the route optimization problems in VANETs by employing UAVs. The proposed system is based on a model of VANET involving interaction with aerial nodes (UAVs) for efficient data delivery and better performance. Comparisons of traditional routing protocols with UAV-based protocols have been made in the scenario of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Later on, communication of vehicles via aerial nodes has been studied for the same purpose. The results have been generated through various simulations. After performing extensive simulations by varying different parameters over grid sizes of 300 × 1500 m to 300 × 6000 m, it is evident that although the traditional DSDV routing protocol performs 14% better than drone-assisted destination-sequenced distance vector (DA-DSDV) when we have number of sinks equal to 25, the performance of drone-assisted optimized link state routing (DA-OLSR) protocol is 0.5% better than that of traditional OLSR, whereas drone-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (DA-AODV) performs 22% better than traditional AODV. Moreover, if we increase the number of sinks up to 50, it can be clearly seen that the DA-AODV outperforms the rest of the routing protocols by up to 60% (either traditional routing protocol or drone-assisted routing protocol). In addition, for parameters like MAC/PHY overhead and packet delivery ratio, the performance of our proposed drone-assisted variants of protocols is also better than that of the traditional routing protocols. These results show that our proposed strategy performs better than the traditional VANET protocols and plays important role in minimizing the MAC/PHY and enhancing the average throughput along with average packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Video streaming over Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-874
Author(s):  
Othman O. Khalifa ◽  
Diaa Eldin Mustafa Ahmed ◽  
Aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim ◽  
Mudathir Yagoub
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Hoc Networks

Video streaming is content sent in compressed form over the netwoks and viwed the users progressively. The transmission of video with the end goal that it can be prepared as consistent and nonstop stream. The point is that to give client support to client at anyplace and at whatever time. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are considered an attractive nertwork for information transmission in many applications where the customer programme can begin showing the information before the whole record has been transmitted. Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol is considered as one of the most important routing protocols in MANET. However, routing protocols assume a crucial part in transmission of information over the network. This paper investigates the performance of AODV Routing Protocol under video traffic over PHY IEEE 802.11g. The protocol model was developed in OPNET. Different outcomes from simulation based models are analyzed and appropriate reasons are also discussed. A different scenarios of video streaming were used. The metric in terms of throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and routing overhead were measured. A comparision with GRP and GRP are also reported.

scholarly journals Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network - A Survey and Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Rahul M Desai ◽  
B P Patil ◽  
Davinder Pal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Demand Routing

<p class="Default">Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, Ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol, Dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols.  In this paper, existing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, OLSR and DSR are analyzed on 50 nodes Mobile Ad Hoc network with random mobility. Packet delivery ratio, delay, control overhead and throughput parameters are used for performance analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of GPSR and AODV Routing Protocols in MANETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S) ◽  
pp. 459-461
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Protocol Performance ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collection of nodes connected through wireless medium and do not require infrastructure for operation. Network Topology keeps on changing because mobility of nodes are high. Therefore, it is important for MANETs to provide excellent routing and security features. Since MANETs do not require any pre-existing infrastructure, they are extensively used in emergency and rescue and military applications. MANETs thus will form essentially an important part in wireless networks. In this paper, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) routing protocol performance is compared with respect to Throughput and E2ED and observed that there is an improvement in throughput by 11% in case of GPSR. Simulation is performed using NS3.

scholarly journals Confidence-based Security System for Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2212-2218
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network of wireless nodes. The network topology may change quickly with respect to time, due to node mobility. The network is a disintegrated network, activities such as delivering messages by determining the topology essential to be implemented by the nodes themselves i.e., the routing activity will be unified into mobile nodes. Due to the lack of centralized administration in multihop routing and open environment, MANET’s are susceptible to attacks by compromised nodes; hence, to provide security also energy efficiency is a crucial issue. So as to decrease the hazards of malicious nodes and resolve energy consumption issues, a simple confidence-based protocol is built to evaluate neighbor’s behaviour using forwarding factors. The reactive Ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (AOMDV), is extended and confidence-based Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (CBAOMDV) protocol, is implemented for MANET. This implemented protocol is able to find multiple routes in one route discovery. These routes are calculated by confidence values and hop counts. From there, the shortest path is selected which fulfills the requirements of data packets for reliability on confidence. Several experimentations have been directed to relate AOMDV and CBAOMDV protocols and the outcomes show that CBAOMDV advances throughput, packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, and average energy consumption.

scholarly journals DyTE: An Effective Routing Protocol for VANET in Urban Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 6979-6985
Author(s):  
A. K. Kazi ◽  
S. M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector

A Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a subclass of wireless ad-hoc networks, widely used in on-road vehicles and roadside equipment, having applications in various areas including passenger safety, smart traffic solutions, and connectivity on vehicles The VANET is the backbone of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) that establishes connectivity between vehicles through a wireless medium. When it comes to the communication between high-speed vehicles there is the challenge of dynamic mobility. In order to provide a higher Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and increase the throughput, a new routing protocol called Dynamic Trilateral Enrolment (DyTE) is introduced which chooses a dynamic trilateral zone to find the destination vehicle by allowing only relevant nodes to participate in the communication process using the location coordinates of source and destination nodes. The proposed routing protocol is compared with Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and the results show remarkable improvement in reducing the Network Routing Load (NRL) and increasing the PDR and throughput of the network. DyTE has performed more efficiently in terms of PDR (23% approximately), throughput (26% approximately) and drastically minimized the NRL by a factor of almost 3.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of MANET routing protocols based on QoS and energy parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3635
Author(s):  
Salma S. Mohamed ◽  
Abdel-Fatah I. Abdel-Fatah ◽  
Mohamed A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
The Impact

Routing selection and supporting Quality of Service (QoS) are fundamental problems in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Many different protocols have been proposed in the literature and some performance simulations are made to address this challenging task. This paper discusses the performance evaluation and comparison of two typical routing protocols; Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) based on measuring the power consumption in network with varing of the QoS parameters. In this paper, we have studied and analyzed the impact of variations in QoS parameter combined with the choice of routing protocol, on network performance. The network performance is measured in terms of average throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average jitter and energy consumption. The simulations are carried out in NS-3. The simulation results show that DSDV and AODV routing protocols are less energy efficient. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the directions for the future design of routing protocol which would be better than the existing ones in terms of energy utilization and delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Research of Security Routing Protocol for UAV Communication Network Based on AODV

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Tan ◽  
Zhen Zuo ◽  
Shaojing Su ◽  
Xiaojun Guo ◽  
Xiaoyong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Digital Signature Algorithm ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Demand Routing

With the rapid development of information technology and the increasing application of UAV in various fields, the security problems of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication network have become increasingly prominent. It has become an important scientific challenge to design a routing protocol that can provide efficient and reliable node to node packet transmission. In this paper, an efficient Digital Signature algorithm based on the elliptic curve cryptosystem is applied to routing protocol, and an improved security method suitable for on-demand routing protocol is proposed. The UAV communication network was simulated through the NS2 simulation platform, and the execution efficiency and safety of the improved routing protocol were analyzed. In the simulation experiment, the routing protocols of ad-hoc on demand distance vector (AODV), security ad-hoc on demand distance vector (SAODV), and improved security ad-hoc on demand distance vector (ISAODV) are compared in terms of the performance indicators of packet delivery rate, throughput, and end-to-end delay under normal conditions and when attacked by malicious nodes. The simulation results show that the improved routing protocol can effectively improve the security of the UAV communication network.

scholarly journals Enhancement of QOS for Multi-user Environment in Cognitive Radio Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2505-2510
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Path Distance ◽  
Water Filling ◽  
Distance Vector

CRT(Cognitive radio technology) enhances the utilization of available better spectrum in the channel. So to provide better Quality of Service for the user in this paper the Localizability aided localization(LAL) and Water filling Methodologies are proposed. This paper analyzes the routing protocols like AOMDV(Ad-hoc On-demand Multi-path Distance Vector routing), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) and AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector). Considering the AODV as the existing routing protocol, this paper proposed with AOMDV and DSR routing algorithms for Localizability aided localization(LAL) and Water filling methodologies respectively. Current work on improving Quality of Service, the different routing protocols are proposed in this paper. The main factors analyzing in this paper are throughput, PDR( packet delivery ratio) and Delay. The simulation results will confirm the accuracy of the proposed techniques.

scholarly journals Mobile ad-hoc network routing protocols of time-critical events for search and rescue missions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Marwan Hamid Hassan ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Hairulnizam Mahdin ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
Azizul Azhar Ramli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Time Critical

The most important experiences we discovered from several disasters are that cellular networks were vulnerable, and the loss of the communication system may have a catastrophic consequence. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) play a significant role in the construction of campus, resident, battlefield and search/rescue region. MANET is an appropriate network for supporting a communication where is no permanent infrastructure. MANET is an effective network that uses to establishing urgent communication between rescue members in critical situations like, disaster or natural calamities. The sending and receiving data in MANET is depending on the routing protocols to adapt the dynamic topology and maintain the routing information. Consequently, This paper evaluates the performance of three routing protocols in MANET: ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV), and ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV). These protocols are inherent from different types of routing protocols: single-path, multi-path, reactive and proactive mechanisms. The NS2 simulator is utilized to evaluate the quality of these protocols. Several metrics are used to assess the performance of these protocols such: packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss ratios (PLR), throughput (TP), and end-to-end delay (E2E delay). The outcomes reveal the AOMDV is the most suitable protocol for time-critical events of search and rescue missions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document