scholarly journals Field-Oriented Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ming Liu ◽  
Chia-Hung Tu ◽  
Chun-Liang Lin ◽  
Van-Tsai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Stator Current ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Braking Control

Most electric vehicles use regenerative brakes, since this kind of braking system design recycles electromotive force to increase electric power endurance during braking. This research proposes a sensor-free, integrated driving and braking control system that uses a space-vector-pulse-width module to synthesize stator current by purpose. It calculates the rotor position angle of the motor by detecting variation in the stator current and completes a closed-loop control. When the motor receives a brake command, the controller changes the inverter-switching sequence to generate reverse torque and a magnetic field to complete the driving or braking function using field-oriented control (FOC). This provides a smoother and more accurate motor control than sinusoidal commands with Hall feedback. Compared to the regenerative brake and rheostatic brake, the proposed braking system has a powerful braking torque and shorter reaction time. Comparisons of reaction times for a modified four-wheel electric vehicle equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous motor under neutral-sliding-status, FOC based braking, and short-circuit braking were conducted.

scholarly journals Active Control of Regenerative Brake for Electric Vehicles

Actuators ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Liang Lin ◽  
Hao-Che Hung ◽  
Jia-Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Stopping Time ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Braking Control ◽  
A Charge

Looking at new trends in global policies, electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to increasingly replace gasoline vehicles in the near future. For current electric vehicles, the motor current driving system and the braking control system are two independent issues with separate design. If a self-induced back-EMF voltage from the motor is a short circuit, then short-circuiting the motor will result in braking. The higher the speed of the motor, the stronger the braking effect. However, the effect is deficient quickly once the motor speed drops quickly. Traditional kinetic brake (i.e., in the short circuit is replaced by a resistor) and dynamic brake (the short circuit brake is replaced by a capacitor) rely on the back EMF alone to generate braking toque. The braking torque generated is usually not enough to effectively stop a rotating motor in a short period of time. In this research task, an integrated driving and braking control system is considered for EVs with an active regenerative braking control system where back electromagnetic field (EMF), controlled by the pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique, is used to charge a pump capacitor. The capacitor is used as an extra energy source cascaded with the battery as a charge pump. This is used to boost braking torque to stop the rotating motor in an efficient way while braking. Experiments are conducted to verify the proposed design. Compared to the traditional kinetic brake and dynamic brake, the proposed active regenerative control system shows better braking performance in terms of stopping time and stopping distance.

scholarly journals Plugging Braking of Two-PMSM Drive in Subway Applications with Fault -Tolerant Operation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adel Obed ◽  
Ali Abdulabbas ◽  
Ahmed Chasib
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Subway Train ◽  
Electric Traction

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is commonly used as traction motors in the electric traction applications such as in subway train. The subway train is better transport vehicle due to its advantages of security, economic, health and friendly with nature. Braking is defined as removal of the kinetic energy stored in moving parts of machine. The plugging braking is the best braking offered and has the shortest time to stop. The subway train is a heavy machine and has a very high moment of inertia requiring a high braking torque to stop. The plugging braking is an effective method to provide a fast stop to the train. In this paper plugging braking system of the PMSM used in the subway train in normal and fault-tolerant operation is made. The model of the PMSM, three-phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) controlled using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation technique (SVPWM), Field Oriented Control method (FOC) for independent control of two identical PMSMs and fault-tolerant operation is presented. Simulink model of the plugging braking system of PMSM in normal and fault tolerant operation is proposed using Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results for different cases are given.

Design of Brake Pedal Stroke Simulator for Hybrid Electric Car

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Hong Wei Liu ◽  
Liang Yao ◽  
Yan Bo Wang ◽  
Liang Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Brake Pedal ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Braking Control

A brake pedal stroke simulator is a key component of realizing a Regenerative Braking System. It provides a good pedal feeling to a driver, improves energy recovery and ensures braking security. This paper presents the hardware solution of the braking control system, the structure and key design parameters of a brake pedal stroke simulator. Through simulation, the energy recover rate and brake pedal feeling of drivers can be improved. The simulator can be used to realize the regenerative braking system in hybrid or electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Cooperative Control of Regenerative Braking and Antilock Braking for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Yin ◽  
XianJian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Antilock Braking ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Braking Control

A new cooperative braking control strategy (CBCS) is proposed for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with both a regenerative braking system and an antilock braking system (ABS) to achieve improved braking performance and energy regeneration. The braking system of the vehicle is based on a new method of HEV braking torque distribution that makes the antilock braking system work together with the regenerative braking system harmoniously. In the cooperative braking control strategy, a sliding mode controller (SMC) for ABS is designed to maintain the wheel slip within an optimal range by adjusting the hydraulic braking torque continuously; to reduce the chattering in SMC, a boundary-layer method with moderate tuning of a saturation function is also investigated; based on the wheel slip ratio, battery state of charge (SOC), and the motor speed, a fuzzy logic control strategy (FLC) is applied to adjust the regenerative braking torque dynamically. In order to evaluate the performance of the cooperative braking control strategy, the braking system model of a hybrid electric vehicle is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is found from the simulation that the cooperative braking control strategy suggested in this paper provides satisfactory braking performance, passenger comfort, and high regenerative efficiency.

scholarly journals Sensorless Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
En-Ping Chen ◽  
Jiangfeng Cheng ◽  
Jia-Hung Tu ◽  
Chun-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Functional Flexibility ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
System A ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Braking Control ◽  
The Cost

A sensorless driving/braking control system for electric vehicles is explained in the present paper. In the proposed system, a field-oriented control (FOC) was used to integrate driving and braking controls in a unified module for reducing the cost of hardware and simultaneously incorporating functional flexibility. An antilock braking system can swiftly halt a vehicle during emergency braking. An electromagnetic reverse braking scheme that provided retarding torque to a running wheel was developed. The scheme could switch the state of the MOSFETs used in the system by alternating the duty cycle of pulse width modulation to adjust the braking current generated by the back electromotive force (EMF) of the motor. In addition, because the braking energy required for the electromagnetic braking scheme is related only to the back EMF, the vehicle operator can control the braking force and safely stop an electric vehicle at high speeds. The proposed integrated sensorless driving and electromagnetic braking system was verified experimentally.

scholarly journals Fault Detection of Stator Inter-Turn Short-Circuit in PMSM on Stator Current and Vibration Signal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Siyuan Liang ◽  
Chengdong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Stator Current ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Short Circuit Fault

The stator inter-turn short circuit fault is one of the most common and key faults in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This paper introduces a time–frequency method for inter-turn fault detection in stator winding of PMSM using improved wavelet packet transform. Both stator current signal and vibration signal are used for the detection of short circuit faults. Two different experimental data from a three-phase PMSM were processed and analyzed by this time–frequency method in LabVIEW. The feasibility of this approach is shown by the experimental test.

scholarly journals Review on Braking Energy Management in Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4477
Author(s):  
Valery Vodovozov ◽  
Zoja Raud ◽  
Eduard Petlenkov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Braking Control ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Tire Friction

The adoption of electric vehicles promises numerous benefits for modern society. At the same time, there remain significant hurdles to their wide distribution, primarily related to battery-based energy sources. This review concerns the systematization of knowledge in one of the areas of the electric vehicle control, namely, the energy management issues when using braking controllers. The braking process optimization is summarized from two aspects. First, the advantageous solutions are presented that were identified in the field of gradual and urgent braking. Second, several findings discovered in adjacent fields of automation are debated as prospects for their possible application in braking control. Following the specific classification of braking methods, a generalized braking system composition is offered, and all publications are evaluated primarily in terms of their energy recovery abilities as a global target. Then, conventional and intelligent classes of braking controllers are compared. In the first category, classic PID, threshold, and sliding-mode controllers are reviewed in terms of their energy management restrictions. The second group relates to the issues of the tire friction-slip identification and braking torque allocation between the hydraulic and electrical brakes. From this perspective, several intelligent systems are analyzed in detail, especially fuzzy logic, neural network, and their numerous associations.

scholarly journals Energy saving control based on motor efficiency map for electric vehicleswith four-wheel independently driven in-wheel motors

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 168781401879306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gang ◽  
Yang Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Motor Efficiency ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Braking Control ◽  
Efficiency Map ◽  
Energy Saving Control

For four-wheel independently driven in-wheel motor electric vehicles, the four-wheel drive/braking torque can be controlled independently. Therefore, it has an advantage that energy saving control can be applied effectively. This article studies several energy saving control methods from two levels of driving and braking for four-wheel independently driven in-wheel motor electric vehicles under urban conditions based on the motor efficiency map. First, the energy saving control logic and the evaluation index were proposed in the article. The four-wheel drive torque was online optimized in real time through drive energy saving control, in order to improve the driving efficiency in the driving process of electric vehicles. According to the theory of ideal braking force distribution and Economic Commission of Europe braking regulations, the parallel regenerative braking control method based on the motor efficiency map was then studied. The parallel regenerative braking control method was applied to four-wheel independently driven in-wheel motor electric vehicles. The simulation analysis under typical urban driving cycle conditions was carried out to determine the braking intensity of the parallel brake front axle separate regenerative braking, and finally the braking energy recovery rate of electric vehicle can be improved in the low speed and low braking torque. Finally, simulation experiments have been carried out to verify the researched method under the NEDC, UDDS, and J1015 urban driving cycles. The simulation results show that the energy saving control methods have an obvious effect on energy saving under the urban driving cycle conditions.

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