scholarly journals Survey on Power-Aware Optimization Solutions for MANETs

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Dimitris Kanellopoulos ◽  
Varun Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Battery Design ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Overhead ◽  
Path Properties

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) possess numerous and unique characteristics, such as high channel error-rate, severe link-layer contentions, frequent link breakage (due to node mobility), and dissimilar path properties (e.g., bandwidth, delay, and loss rate) that make these networks different from the traditional ones. These characteristics seriously interfere with communication and hence, ultimately degrade the overall performance in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, network throughput, and network overhead. The traditional referenced layered strict architecture is not capable of dealing with MANET characteristics. Along with this, the most important apprehension in the intent of MANETs is the battery-power consumption, which relies on non-renewable sources of energy. Even though improvements in battery design have not yet reached that great a level, the majority of the routing protocols have not emphasized energy consumption at all. Such a challenging aspect has gained remarkable attention from the researchers, which inspired us to accomplish an extensive literature survey on power-aware optimization approaches in MANETs. This survey comprehensively covers power-aware state-of-the-art schemes for each suggested group, major findings, crucial structures, advantages, and design challenges. In this survey, we assess the suggested power-aware policies in the past in every aspect so that, in the future, other researchers can find new potential research directions.

scholarly journals Low Overhead Localized Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumet Prabhavat ◽  
Worrawat Narongkhachavana ◽  
Thananop Thongthavorn ◽  
Chanakan Phankaew
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Network Bandwidth ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) are infrastructure-less networks consisting of wireless mobile nodes and have been a focus of research for years. OppNets can be scaled up to support rapid growth of wireless devices and technologies, especially smartphones and tablets. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), one of OppNets technologies, have a high potential to be used for facilitating an extension for the Internet and a backup communication platform in disaster situation. However, a connection disruption due to node mobility and unreliable wireless links is possible to trigger a flooding operation of route repair process. This results in transmission delay and packet loss. The flooding of routing packets is an expensive operation cost in MANETs which affects network reliability and wastes limited resources such as network bandwidth and node energy. These are obstacles to practical implementation of MANETs in real-world environment. In this paper, we propose Low Overhead Localized Flooding (LOLF), an efficient overhead reduction routing extension based on Query Localization (QL) routing protocol. The purpose of this work is to control the propagation of routing packets in the route discovery and route repair mechanisms while incurring only a small increase in the size of control information in the packet. Simulation results from extensive experiments show that our proposed method can reduce overall routing overhead, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay without sacrificing the packet delivery ratio compared to existing protocols.

scholarly journals Multipath Routing for Balancing the Load in Manet

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3466-3468
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Routing Performance ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Overhead

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have attracted quite a concentration owing to their extensive potential applications. Load balancing is vital for enhancing performance in MANETs. Routing overload is the major causes of breaking routing performance in the network. To resolve these challenges, this paper intends a novel routing scheme is called Multipath Routing for Balancing the Load (MRBL) in MANET. In this scheme, the relay node is selected based on the received signal strength. During data transmission, the route node is overload due to heavy data transmission. When utilizing the multipath routing strategy. As a result, decreased network overhead and increased the packet delivery ratio. This work is simulated in NS-2 simulator, and the results show that MRBL scheme performs better than the baseline protocol.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of SRAAA, SDSR, SAODV Routing Protocol for Video Streaming in MANET

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.J. Chakravarthy
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Hoc Networks

<p>The most challenging concern in MANET is video streaming and it essentially exaggerated by these important factors such as fading, node mobility, interference, topology on change in dynamic, collusion, shadowing in multi-path etc. One of the very attractive and considered for many applications is Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET).Routing Protocol is most significant element which is considered as the MANET. Though, the quite demanding task is video streaming over MANET. This paper have been investigated the analysis of routing protocols over MANET for video streaming. The comparison of the three routing protocols are Secure Dynamic Source Routing (SDSR), Secure Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (SAODV) and secured Right angled and Ant search routing Protocol (SRAAA) on the basis of various performance metrics such as Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Delay, Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), Energy Consumption, Link Failure and Packet Drop has been obtainable in this paper for supporting video streaming applications. Based on the compared stimulated results concluded that SRAAA routing protocol is comparatively better in performance of all metrics than the SAODV and SDSR routing protocols.</p>

Mobility Prediction-Based Link Stability Routing Protocol for MANET

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 5926-5930 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.M. Gao ◽  
J.H. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Link Failures ◽  
Link Stability ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Route Request

In mobile ad hoc networks, node mobility causes frequent link failures, thus invalidating the routes containing those links. Once a link is detected broken, an alternate route has to be discovered. That will impose significant affect on the route stability and the overall performance of the network. We suggest discovering contained stable links routes based on fuzzy control. When mobile node S wishes to send a packet to a destination mobile node D, node S transmits a ROUTE REQUEST (RREQ) message which contains its velocity and direction as a single local broadcast packet. When one mobile node i (it is not D) receiving RREQ, it first gets the velocity and direction of previous node, then estimates the link stability between two nodes based on fuzzy logic. When the link stability come up to a certain standard, node i adds its address to RREQ and forward it, otherwise, discard it. Simulations show that the proposed PLSR (Mobility Prediction-based Link Stability Routing Protocol) outperforms DVMP (Distance Vector protocol with Mobility Prediction that uses GPS) [8].

A Novel Routing Algorithm Based on Path Stability and Energy Aware

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1477-1480
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ye Wen Cao
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Awareness ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Stability Change ◽  
Path Stability ◽  
Hoc Networks

As the core of routing protocols, route selection algorithm plays the key role in the scenario of quick mutability of the network topology. In mobile ad hoc networks, node mobility has been one of the dominant factors which cause the loss of performance so that the path duration and stability has to be taken into account. On the other hand, energy awareness for computation is becoming another crucial parameter. In this paper, a novel routing selection algorithm has been proposed without any additional device (such as GPS). Path stability based on stability change ratio and energy awareness has been jointly considered in this proposed algorithm. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed solution an enhanced routing protocol based on AODV named EN-AODV has been presented. Simulation results show that the performance of EN-AODV is better than that of traditional AODV and NCR-AODV in terms of normalized routing load, packet delivery ratio and nodes death rate.

VALIDATION OF PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMIZED VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK USING TAGUCHI METHOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aznor Hanah Abdul Halim ◽  
Mohamed Elshaikh ◽  
Mohd Nazri Mohd Warip ◽  
R Badlishah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Network Parameter ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is quite different from other ad hoc networks in term of functionality because of the variable node density, high node mobility, and unpredictable and harsh communication environment. There are two major application VANETs, namely safety applications and non-safety applications. Network optimization is one way to maintain the existing protocols and other network parameter rather than costly efforts for design and implementing new improved protocols. Motivated with the reasons to save effort of time and cost this paper presents the validation of optimized vehicular network for throughput, average delay and packet delivery ratio using Taguchi method. Highway scenario is chosen as the evaluation condition for this paper.  From the performance evaluated the performance of optimized setting gives better results than non-optimized setting for both safety and non-safety applications.  It is proved that Taguchi Method is applicable to optimize vehicular ad hoc network.

scholarly journals A Performance Review of Intra and Inter-Group MANET Routing Protocols under Varying Speed of Nodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Singh Sisodia ◽  
Riya Singhal ◽  
Vijay Khandal
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Hybrid Protocols

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are a cluster of self-organizing and self-governing wireless nodes without any backbone infrastructure and centralized administration. The various nodes in MANET move randomly, and this node mobility may pose challenges on the performance of routing protocols.  In this paper, an Intra and intergroup performance review of various MANET routing protocols are performed under varying speed of nodes. The routing protocols included in this study are reactive, proactive, and hybrid protocols. This performance review is done using the NS2 simulator and random waypoint model. The routing protocols performance is assessed through standard performance measure metrics including packet delivery ratio, throughput, routing overhead and end to end delivery with varying speed of nodes. The simulations result shows that there is no significant impact of varying speed of nodes on standard performance evaluation metrics.

AN ANT-BASED MULTICASTING PROTOCOL IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK

2005 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIN ZHANG ◽  
DONGXU SHEN ◽  
XIUMING SHAN ◽  
VICTOR O. K. LI
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
Soft State ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Multicasting protocols deliver data packets from a source node to multiple receivers, and serve a very important function in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). In this paper, a novel receiver-initiated soft-state probabilistic multicasting protocol (RISP) for MANETs is proposed. RISP is inspired by the ant colony's route-seeking mechanism, in which an individual ant chooses the optimal path to its destination through cooperation with others in a totally distributed manner. Imitating the behaviour of ants in nature, RISP introduces probabilistic forwarding and soft-state for making relay decisions that are automatically adaptive to node mobility in MANETs. Compared with other protocols, we show by computer simulations that RISP has lower delivery redundancy, while achieving higher delivery ratio at all mobility scenarios. Furthermore, RISP has lower control overhead.

scholarly journals Failure history-based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Khalid Batiha ◽  
Aamal Khaled Ababneh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) are defined as a collection of mobile nodes that cooperate in order to operate. Nodes in MANETs should build and maintain routes in order to communicate. A routing algorithm is used to manage these routes. MANETs have dynamic topology because of node mobility. The probability of route failure increases when intermediate nodes have higher mobility. This study will propose a routing protocol that depends on the failure history of the nodes from which the route will constructed. The proposed protocol will be implemented over the existing Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. It is expected that the proposed protocol will improve the packet delivery ratio in the network. 

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

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