scholarly journals Detection and Localization of Overlapped Fruits Application in an Apple Harvesting Robot

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Yuhua Jiao ◽  
Rong Luo ◽  
Qianwen Li ◽  
Xiaobo Deng ◽  
Xiang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Yield Measurement ◽  
Edge Points ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Detection And Localization

For yield measurement of an apple orchard or the mechanical harvesting of apples, there needs to be accurate identification of the target apple fruit. However, in a natural scene, affected by the apple’s growth posture and camera position, there are many kinds of apple images, such as overlapped apples; mutual shadows or leaves; stems; etc. It is a challenge to accurately locate overlapped apples. They will influence the positioning time and recognition efficiency and then affect the harvesting efficiency of apple-harvesting robots or the accuracy of orchard yield measurement. In response to this problem, an overlapped circle positioning method based on local maxima is proposed. First, the apple image is transformed into the Lab color space and segmented by the K-means algorithm. Second, some morphological processes, like erosion and dilation, are implemented to abstract the outline of the apples. Then image points are divided into central points; edge points; or outer points. Third, a fast algorithm is used to calculate every internal point’s minimum distance from the edge. Then, the centers of the apples are obtained by finding the maxima among these distances. Last, the radii are acquired by figuring out the minimum distance between the center and the edge. Thus, positioning is achieved. Experimental results showed that this method can locate overlapped apples accurately and quickly when the apple contour was complete; and this has certain practicability.

scholarly journals A Method of Segmenting Apples Based on Gray-Centered RGB Color Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Pan Fan ◽  
Guodong Lang ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Xiaoyan Lei ◽  
Pengju Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vision System ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Color Space ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Rgb Color Space

In recent years, many agriculture-related problems have been evaluated with the integration of artificial intelligence techniques and remote sensing systems. The rapid and accurate identification of apple targets in an illuminated and unstructured natural orchard is still a key challenge for the picking robot’s vision system. In this paper, by combining local image features and color information, we propose a pixel patch segmentation method based on gray-centered red–green–blue (RGB) color space to address this issue. Different from the existing methods, this method presents a novel color feature selection method that accounts for the influence of illumination and shadow in apple images. By exploring both color features and local variation in apple images, the proposed method could effectively distinguish the apple fruit pixels from other pixels. Compared with the classical segmentation methods and conventional clustering algorithms as well as the popular deep-learning segmentation algorithms, the proposed method can segment apple images more accurately and effectively. The proposed method was tested on 180 apple images. It offered an average accuracy rate of 99.26%, recall rate of 98.69%, false positive rate of 0.06%, and false negative rate of 1.44%. Experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed method.

Effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an agroecosystem

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sean Clark ◽  
Stuart H. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Domestic Bird

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an experimental, nonchemical agroecosystem consisting of an apple orchard with intercropped potatoes. The objective was to assess the potential of these domestic bird species as biological control agents. Four insect pests were studied: plum curculio, apple maggot, Japanese beetle, and Colorado potato beetle. Chickens fed on several potential crop pests, including Japanese beetle. Although Japanese beetles were less abundant on apple trees when chickens were present, the proportion of damaged fruit was not reduced. Furthermore, chickens did not affect weed abundance or crop productivity. In contrast, geese were effective weeders. Their activities reduced weed abundance and increased potato plant growth and yields compared with a minimally weeded control. In addition, the activities of geese indirectly reduced apple fruit damage by plum curculio and increased the proportion of pest-free fruit, possibly because removal of vegetation by the geese reduced humidity at the soil surface and therefore reduced the activity of plum curculio.

221Evaluating the ability of different substrate mapping techniques to identify scar-related ventricular tachycardia circuits using computational modelling

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Campos ◽  
M Orini ◽  
J Whitaker ◽  
M O"neill ◽  
R Razavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exit Site ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Ablation Therapy ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Substrate ◽  
Reentrant Circuit

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements National Institute for Health Research; British Heart Foundation; and The Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Background Accurate identification of targets for catheter ablation therapy of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in the postinfarction heart remains a significant challenge. Identification of such targets often requires VT-induction to delineate the entry/exit points of the reentrant circuit sustaining the VT. However, inducibility may not be possible due to hemodynamic instability. In this scenario, substrate ablation strategies can still be performed to uncover the arrhythmogenic substrate during sinus or paced rhythm. However, substrate mapping may fail to accurately delineate the reentrant circuit resulting in VT recurrence after the procedure. Purpose To use computer simulations to compare the ability of different electroanatomical maps constructed following typical substrate ablation strategies to identify the VT exit site. Methods An image-based computational model of the porcine post-infarction left ventricle was constructed to simulate VT and paced rhythm. Electroanatomical maps were constructed based on the following features extracted from electrograms computed on the endocardial surface: activation time (AT), bipolar electrogram amplitude, signal fractionation and the reentry vulnerability index (RVI - a metric combining activation and repolarization timings to identify tissue susceptibility to reentry). Potential ablation targets during substrate mapping were compared for: highest 5% AT gradient; lowest 5% bipolar signal amplitudes; areas with fragmented signals (more than one peak); and lowest 5% RVI. The minimum distance, d, between the manually identified VT exit site and the targets was measured. Results The RVI performed better than the other metrics at detecting the VT exit site (see Figure). The minimum distance between sites of lowest RVI and the exit site was 3.2mm compared to 13.1mm and 15.9mm in traditional AT and voltage maps, respectively. As the scar was not transmural, parameters derived from all electrograms (including those located on dense scar regions) were used to construct the electroanatomical maps. This improved the performance of the RVI significantly, making it more specific than the other metrics as can be seen in the Figure. Conclusions Among all metrics investigated here, the RVI identified the vulnerable region closest to VT exit site. This finding suggests that activation-repolarization metrics may improve the detection of pro-arrhythmic regions without having to induce VT. Moreover, the RVI may be particularly well suited for detecting vulnerable regions within non-transmural scars. Abstract Figure. VT and Substrate Mapping

scholarly journals Segmentation of Apples in Aerial Images under Sixteen Different Lighting Conditions Using Color and Texture for Optimal Irrigation

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Sabzi ◽  
Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh ◽  
Ginés García-Mateos ◽  
Antonio Ruiz-Canales ◽  
José Miguel Molina-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Segmentation Algorithm ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
Image Pixels

Due to the changes in the lighting intensity and conditions throughout the day, machine vision systems used in precision agriculture for irrigation management should be prepared for all possible conditions. For this purpose, a complete segmentation algorithm has been developed for a case study on apple fruit segmentation in outdoor conditions using aerial images. This algorithm has been trained and tested using videos with 16 different light intensities from apple orchards during the day. The proposed segmentation algorithm consists of five main steps: (1) transforming frames in RGB to CIE L*u*v* color space and applying thresholds on image pixels; (2) computing texture features of local standard deviation; (3) using intensity transformation to remove background pixels; (4) color segmentation applying different thresholds in RGB space; and (5) applying morphological operators to refine the results. During the training process of this algorithm, it was observed that frames in different light conditions had more than 58% color sharing. Results showed that the accuracy of the proposed segmentation algorithm is higher than 99.12%, outperforming other methods in the state of the art that were compared. The processed images are aerial photographs like those obtained from a camera installed in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This accurate result will enable more efficient support in the decision making for irrigation and harvesting strategies.

A Cable Sheath Material Thickness Measurement Method Based on Image Measurement Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hong Bian ◽  
Ji Lin Wang ◽  
Sen Xu ◽  
Tian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Edge Points ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Sobel Edge Detection ◽  
Geometry Measurement ◽  
Sheath Material

Sub-pixel positioning is a key technology in geometry measurement field. Reckoning on the low accuracy of ordinary polynomial interpolation for sub-pixel positioning method because of losing the position of edge points, an improved Sobel edge detection method is first proposed, and then is applied to the thickness measurement system of cable sheath material. The experiment shoes that the edge coordinateonthe detected by our proposed interpolation method is more colse to the real edge than the original method.

Ceramic Tile Color Difference Classification System Based on Color Histogram

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 926-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuri Tang ◽  
Mai Jiang ◽  
Yu Ping Wang ◽  
Zhi Gang Pi
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Feature Vector ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Hsi Color Space ◽  
Rgb Color Space

According to the ceramic tile color difference classification detection problem, this paper presents a method for color difference based on Histogram statistical values. First, the color image in RGB color space is converted to HSI color space, median filter was selected for image preprocessing. Then, the ceramic samples HSI Histogram statistical of each channel was calculated respectively. Take the Histogram statistical as the color difference classification character value. For real timerequirement, using minimum distance classifier as classification basis. Compared with the S, I channel, the results showed that adopted the H channel Histogram statistical value as feature vector has higher accuracy for ceramic tile color difference classification.

A Gamut Boundary Description Method Based on Graham Algorithm for Laser TV

2012 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian Wu Zhang ◽  
Gang Song ◽  
Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Convex Hull ◽  
Full Advantage ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Gamut ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Wide Color Gamut ◽  
Edge Points ◽  
Convex Hull Algorithm

To take full advantage of high brightness, wide color gamut and high saturation of the Laser TV, kinds of gamut expansion methods emerged. Most of the methods are based on the hue unchangeable principle. So before gamut expansion, the boundary of Laser TV gamut and that of current display standard gamut should be first obtained. But the traditional method for getting the device color gamut based on physical model was not accurate enough for the Laser TV gamut expansion. Based on this situation, An improved gamut boundary description method based on graham algorithm for laser TV was proposed in this paper. The method first used Convex Hull Algorithm to detect the edge points on the convex edge, and then through multiple iterations to calculate the Concave edge points between the convex edge points. Result of experiment on the CIE L*a*b* color space showed this kind of method could give a more accurate description of the Laser TV gamut boundary.

PRELIMINARY ORCHARD TESTS ON CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH LARVAE BY A GRANULOSIS VIRUS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques ◽  
C. R. MacLellan ◽  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
M. D. Proverbs ◽  
E. A. C. Hagley
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella

AbstractApple orchard tests in 1974, 1975, and 1976 showed that applications of granulosis virus reduced deep-entry damage by larvae of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), to apple fruit at harvest by 55 to 96% compared with damage to fruit on nontreated check trees. Sting or shallow-entry injury was usually higher on virus-sprayed trees than on check trees presumably because larvae were killed by the virus soon after entry into the apple.

scholarly journals Influence of an Alternative Soil Management System to Herbicide Use on Tree Vigor, Yield, and Quality of Apple Fruit

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Kamila Łucja Bokszczanin ◽  
Dariusz Wrona ◽  
Sebastian Przybyłko
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Entire Experiment

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alternative soil maintenance systems in a ‘Gold Chief’ apple orchard to the herbicide strip on tree growth, yield, and optimal fruit quality during 2012–2016. We compared several floor management systems: organic mulch comprised of Miscanthus spp., mechanical cultivation, black polypropylene cover, and herbicide strip as the control, with particular emphasis on the suitability and effectiveness of the organic mulch. During this five-year experiment Miscanthus spp. mulched trees grew most vigorously and significantly more than trees from other systems. The increment of the trunk cross-sectional area was higher for Miscanthus spp. mulched trees when compared to both mechanical fallow and herbicide strip. On average, fruits from trees grown in Miscanthus spp. plots were significantly larger than fruits from mechanical fallow and black polypropylene cover plots. The cumulative yield from the entire experiment was not significantly different for organic mulch, herbicide strip, and black polypropylene cover and was significantly higher than the mechanical cultivation. Different floor management systems had a significant effect on the solid soluble content in fruit both directly after harvesting and after storage. Our study shows that organic mulch can be a good alternative for soil management in orchard production systems.

scholarly journals Use of alpha-naphthylacetic acid in ovary thinning and preharvest fruit drop reduction in apple trees

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
A. I. Kuzin ◽  
Yu. B. Nazarov ◽  
A. A. Shmakova ◽  
S. A. Karpukhina ◽  
A. I. Flyagin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Tree Thinning ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Chemical thinning of apple ovaries in intensive orchards is highly relevant. This farming practice reduces manual labour, decreases  the  fructification  interval and improves apple quality. Growth regulators, including alpha-aphthylacetic acid,  also  reduce preharvest fruit drop allowing for an optimal harvest capacity. The research aimed to study the impact of different alpha-naphthylacetic acid application rates on ovary thinning  and preharvest  fruit drop. Assays were conducted in 2019—2020  in a  leached-chernozem experimental apple orchard of the Michurin Federal Research Centre  in Tambov Region. Assay 1 studied the treatment impact on apple tree thinning at rates 100, 200, 300 and 400 ml/ha in 8—12 mm fruits, assay 2 (treatment 2 weeks prior to expected harvest) —  on reducing preharvest apple drop at rates 200, 300 and 400 ml/ha. The treatments significantly reduced the number of ovaries in the Zhigulevskoe/62-396 cultivar and increased mean apple fruit weight. Such increase was an important yield-rising factor in the 300 and 400 ml/ha treatments. Alpha-naphthylacetic acid treatments in 8—12 mm fruits had a significant lowering impact on total leaf nitrogen content. The treatments also induced a significant reduction in preharvest apple fruit drop, with the best effect at rate 300 ml/ha. No explicit impact of alpha-naphthylacetic acid on fructification interval was observed in the study period.

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