scholarly journals ASFIT: AUTOSAR-Based Software Fault Injection Test for Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Jihyun Park ◽  
Byoungju Choi
Keyword(s):  
Fault Injection ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Software Faults ◽  
Automotive Software ◽  
Iso 26262 ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Types Of Faults

With recent increases in the amount of software installed in vehicles, the probability of automotive software faults that lead to accidents has also increased. Because automotive software faults can lead to serious accidents or even mortalities, vehicle software design and testing must consider safety a top priority. ISO 26262 recommends fault injection testing as a measure to verify the functional safety of vehicles. However, the standard does not clearly specify when and where faults should be injected, and the tools to support fault injection testing for automotive software are also insufficient. In the present study, we define faults that may occur in Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR)-based automotive software and propose a fault injection method to be applied during the software development process. The proposed method can inject different types of faults that may occur in AUTOSAR-based automotive software, such as access, asymmetric, and timing errors, while minimizing performance degradation due to fault injection, and without using any separate hardware devices. The superior performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through empirical studies applied to fault injection testing of a range of vehicle electronic control unit software.

scholarly journals Continuous Automotive Software Updates through Container Image Layers

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ayres ◽  
Lipika Deka ◽  
Daniel Paluszczyszyn
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Automotive Software ◽  
Software Updating ◽  
Software Updates ◽  
Functional Software

The vehicle-embedded system also known as the electronic control unit (ECU) has transformed the humble motorcar, making it more efficient, environmentally friendly, and safer, but has led to a system which is highly dependent on software. As new technologies and features are included with each new vehicle model, the increased reliance on software will no doubt continue. It is an undeniable fact that all software contains bugs, errors, and potential vulnerabilities, which when discovered must be addressed in a timely manner, primarily through patching and updates, to preserve vehicle and occupant safety and integrity. However, current automotive software updating practices are ad hoc at best and often follow the same inefficient fix mechanisms associated with a physical component failure of return or recall. Increasing vehicle connectivity heralds the potential for over the air (OtA) software updates, but rigid ECU hardware design does not often facilitate or enable OtA updating. To address the associated issues regarding automotive ECU-based software updates, a new approach in how automotive software is deployed to the ECU is required. This paper presents how lightweight virtualisation technologies known as containers can promote efficient automotive ECU software updates. ECU functional software can be deployed to a container built from an associated image. Container images promote efficiency in download size and times through layer sharing, similar to ECU difference or delta flashing. Through containers, connectivity and OtA future software updates can be completed without inconveniences to the consumer or incurring expense to the manufacturer.

Automotive ECU Software Design Based on AUTOSAR

2014 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 1034-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Jie Wang ◽  
Le Ge ◽  
Tian Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Software Development Process ◽  
Automotive Software ◽  
Development Tools ◽  
Development Methods

Aimed at the defects and deficiencies of traditional automotive ECU (Electronic Control Unit) development methods, AUTOSAR as a new standard for automotive software development makes the software development process simplified greatly. The existing AUTOSAR development tools are studied and compared in this article to analyze of their respective characteristics, and an ECU software design scheme of the system is summarized according to the methodology. The research results prove that AUTOSAR can raise the development efficiency and software portability.

Virtual Verification and Validation of Automotive System

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950071
Author(s):  
Mona Safar ◽  
Magdy A. El-Moursy ◽  
Mohamed Abdelsalam ◽  
Ayman Bakr ◽  
Keroles Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Injection ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
System Level ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Virtual Platform ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Automotive System

An integrated framework for Virtual Verification and Validation (VVV) for a complete automotive system is proposed. The framework can simulate/emulate the system on three levels: System on Chip (SoC), Electronic control unit (ECU) and system level. The framework emulates the real system including hardware (HW) and software (SW). It enhances the automotive V-cycle and allows co-development of the automotive system SW and HW. The procedure for debugging AUTOSAR application on the virtual platform (VP) is shown. SW and HW profiling is feasible with the presented methodology. Verification and validation of automotive embedded SW is also presented. The proposed methodology is efficient as the system complexity increases which shortens the development cycle of automotive system. It also provides fault injection capability. With HW emulation, co-debugging mechanism is demonstrated. A case study covering the framework capability is presented. The case study demonstrates the proposed framework and methodology to design, simulate, trace, profile and debug AUTOSAR SW using VPs.

scholarly journals Towards Cloud-supported Automotive Software Development and Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
René Bergelt ◽  
Norbert Englisch
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Hardware Platform ◽  
Test Error ◽  
Automotive Software ◽  
Error Localization ◽  
Almost All

The development of automotive software has been an evolving process for the last decades. As a result, the paradigm of software development which is independent of the target hardware platform has been adopted in almost all parts of the automotive industry. Deploying software to a hardware platform is now controlled by an enormous parameter set stored in a mapping configuration. This led to the creation of numerous vendor-specific tools for electronic control unit (ECU) development. While this approach simplifies and supports the re-usability of vehicle functions it also increases the complexity as well as the difficulty for integration tests and error localization. In this paper, we present a conceptual platform which allows to establish references between different development and test phase items in a developer-friendly way. It revolves around two self-developed tools supported by an extensive AUTOSAR knowledge base. The system creates inter-connectivity so that it becomes easier to locate the actual origin of a misbehavior or to find a test error manifestation in the actual end system for developers and testers alike.

scholarly journals Power Supply Platform and Functional Safety Concept Proposals for a Powertrain Transmission Electronic Control Unit

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1580
Author(s):  
Diana Raluca Biba ◽  
Mihaela Codruta Ancuti ◽  
Alexandru Ianovici ◽  
Ciprian Sorandaru ◽  
Sorin Musuroi
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Safety Concept ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Iso 26262 ◽  
Safety Critical

In the last decade, modern vehicles have become very complex, being equipped with embedded electronic systems which include more than a thousand of electronic control units (ECUs). Therefore, it is mandatory to analyze the potential risk of automotive systems failure because it could have a significant impact on humans’ safety. This paper proposes a novel, functional safety concept at the power management level of a system basis chip (SBC), from the development phase to system design. In the presented case, the safety-critical application is represented by a powertrain transmission electronic control unit. A step-by-step design guideline procedure is presented, having as a focus the cost, safety, and performance to obtain a robust, cost-efficient, safe, and reliable design. To prove compliance with the ISO 26262 standard, quantitative worst-case evaluations of the hardware have been done. The assessment results qualify the proposed design with automotive safety integrity levels (ASIL, up to ASIL-D). The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how to apply the functional safety concept to a real, safety-critical system by following the proposed design methodology.

scholarly journals CNN-Based Fault Localization Method Using Memory-Updated Patterns for Integration Test in an HiL Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 2799
Author(s):  
Ki-Yong Choi ◽  
Jung-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Mining ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Localization Method ◽  
Iso 26262 ◽  
Memory Address ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Integration Test

Automotive electronic components are tested via hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) testing at the unit and integration test stages, according to ISO 26262. It is difficult to obtain debugging information from the HiL test because the simulator runs a black-box test automatically, depending on the scenario in the test script. At this time, debugging information can be obtained in HiL tests, using memory-updated information, without the source code or the debugging tool. However, this method does not know when the fault occurred, and it is difficult to select the starting point of debugging if the execution flow of the software is not known. In this paper, we propose a fault-localization method using a pattern in which each memory address is updated in the HiL test. Via a sequential pattern-mining algorithm in the memory-updated information of the transferred unit tests, memory-updated patterns are extracted, and the system learns using a convolutional neural network. Applying the learned pattern in the memory-updated information of the integration test can determine the fault point from the normal pattern. The point of departure from the normal pattern is highlighted as a fault-occurrence time, and updated addresses are presented as fault candidates. We applied the proposed method to an HiL test of an OSEK/VDX-based electronic control unit. Through fault-injection testing, we could find the cause of faults by checking the average memory address of 3.28%, and we could present the point of fault occurrence with an average accuracy of 80%.

scholarly journals Functional Safety for Developing of Mechatronic Systems – Electric Parking Brake Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Juraj Pancik ◽  
Peter Drgona ◽  
Marek Paskala
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Iso 26262 ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Parking Brake ◽  
Electronic Hardware

The electric parking brake (EPB) system as the complex mechatronic system consists of the actuators that generate the clamping force necessary to hold the vehicle safe, the conventional calipers that convert clamp force into brake torque, electronic hardware with the Electronic Control Unit (ECU), cable harness and switches and especially the control software providing the functions that the driver will experience. Like most of the modern automotive components, the EPB is equipped with embedded electronic systems that include ECU, electronic sensors, signals, bus systems, and coding. Due to the complex application in electrical, electronics and programmable electronics, the need to carry out detailed safety analyses that are focused on the potential risk of malfunction is crucial for automotive systems. This paper describes a possible division of the EPB sub-functions between the supplier the wheel brakes and the supplier which supplying the ECU. Functional safety must be a guarantee with concerning the overall vehicle system. Functional safety is according to the requirements of the ISO 26262 standard and in the context of this paper relates solely to the E/E components (electrical and/or electronic) of the EPB. This paper covers the hazard analysis and risk assessment relevant to the EPB control software, and the derived allocation of ASIL risk levels to the EPB software elements of the functional architecture of the EPB.

scholarly journals ARINC653 Channel Robustness Verification Using LeonViP-MC, a LEON4 Multicore Virtual Platform

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Jonatan Sánchez ◽  
Antonio da Silva ◽  
Pablo Parra ◽  
Óscar R. Polo ◽  
Agustín Martínez Hellín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Fault Injection ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
Virtual Platform ◽  
Hardware Platforms ◽  
The University

Multicore hardware platforms are being incorporated into spacecraft on-board systems to achieve faster and more efficient data processing. However, such systems lead to increased complexity in software development and represent a considerable challenge, especially concerning the runtime verification of fault-tolerance requirements. To address the ever-challenging verification of this kind of requirement, we introduce a LEON4 multicore virtual platform called LeonViP-MC. LeonViP-MC is an evolution of a previous development called Leon2ViP, carried out by the Space Research Group of the University of Alcalá (SRG-UAH), which has been successfully used in the development and testing of the flight software of the instrument control unit (ICU) of the energetic particle detector (EPD) on board the Solar Orbiter. This paper describes the LeonViP-MC architectural design decisions oriented towards fault-injection campaigns to verify software fault-tolerance mechanisms. To validate the simulator, we developed an ARINC653 communications channel that incorporates fault-tolerance mechanisms and is currently being used to develop a hypervisor level for the GR740 platform.

Critical review towards thermal management systems of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicle with its electronic control unit and assessment tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702098286
Author(s):  
C Kannan ◽  
R Vignesh ◽  
C Karthick ◽  
B Ashok
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System

Lithium-ion batteries are facing difficulties in an aspect of protection towards battery thermal safety issues which leads to performance degradation or thermal runaway. To negate these issues an effective battery thermal management system is absolute pre-requisite to safeguard the lithium-ion batteries. In this context to support the future endeavours and to improvise battery thermal management system (BTMS) design and its operation the article reveals on three aspects through the analysis of scientific literatures. First, this paper collates the present research progress and status of various battery management strategies employed to lithium-ion batteries. Further, to promote stable and efficient BTMS operation as an initiation the extensive attention is paid towards roles of BTMS electronic control unit and also presented the essential functionality need to consider for designing best BTMS control strategy. Finally, elucidates the various unconventional assessment tools can be employed to recognize the suitable thermal management technique and also for establish optimum BTMS operation based on requirements. From the experience of this article additionally delivers some of the research gaps identified and the essential areas need to focus for the development of superior lithium-ion BTMS technology. All the contents reveal in this article will hopefully assist to the design commercially suitable effective BTMS technology especially for electro-mobility application.

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