scholarly journals A Simple Capillary Blood Cell Flow Monitoring System using Magnetic Micro-Sensor: A Simulation Study

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Seonghoon Jo ◽  
Kyungsik Eom
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Magnetic Method ◽  
Blood Flow Measurement ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
External Power Source

Since blood flow is a physiologically important parameter in determining the state of the tissue (e.g., viability and activity), various blood flow measurement techniques have been developed. However, existing blood flow measurement methods require complex equipment to generate external energy sources to be applied onto the tissue. This paper describes a magnetic method for the simple and external source-free measurement of blood flowing throughout the capillary. A microcoil located near to the capillary captures the intrinsic magnetic field produced by flowing negatively charged blood cells (e.g., red blood cells and white blood cells) to induce the electromotive force (EMF). The velocity of blood cells is estimated using the time interval between adjacent peaks and the slope of the induced EMF. The direction of blood flow can also be determined based on the frequency shift of the induced EMF. When moving the microcoil in the same direction of the blood flow, the frequency of induced EMF decreases, whereas an increased frequency is observed when moving the microcoil in the opposite direction to the blood flow. Moreover, this method could detect and distinguish streams of red blood cells and white blood cells. These results support the feasibility of a non-invasive magnetic blood flow monitoring system that does not require any external power source applied to the blood stream and thereby alleviates the complexity of conventional blood flow monitoring systems.

The Effect of Red Blood Cells on the ADP-induced Aggregation of Human Platelets in Flow Through Tubes

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Bell ◽  
Samira Spain ◽  
Harry L Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe effect of red blood cells, rbc, and shear rate on the ADPinduced aggregation of platelets in whole blood, WB, flowing through polyethylene tubing was studied using a previously described technique (1). Effluent WB was collected into 0.5% glutaraldehyde and the red blood cells removed by centrifugation through Percoll. At 23°C the rate of single platelet aggregtion was upt to 9× greater in WB than previously found in platelet-rich plasma (2) at mean tube shear rates Ḡ = 41.9,335, and 1,920 s−1, and at both 0.2 and 1.0 µM ADP. At 0.2 pM ADP, the rate of aggregation was greatest at Ḡ = 41.9 s−1 over the first 1.7 s mean transit time through the flow tube, t, but decreased steadily with time. At Ḡ ≥335 s−1 the rate of aggregation increased between t = 1.7 and 8.6 s; however, aggregate size decreased with increasing shear rate. At 1.0 µM ADP, the initial rate of single platelet aggregation was still highest at Ḡ = 41.9 s1 where large aggregates up to several millimeters in diameter containing rbc formed by t = 43 s. At this ADP concentration, aggregate size was still limited at Ḡ ≥335 s−1 but the rate of single platelet aggregation was markedly greater than at 0.2 pM ADP. By t = 43 s, no single platelets remained and rbc were not incorporated into aggregates. Although aggregate size increased slowly, large aggregates eventually formed. White blood cells were not significantly incorporated into aggregates at any shear rate or ADP concentration. Since the present technique did not induce platelet thromboxane A2 formation or cause cell lysis, these experiments provide evidence for a purely mechanical effect of rbc in augmenting platelet aggregation in WB.

MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD FLOW WITH FREELY DIFFUSIBLE INDICATORS AS INERT GASES, ANTIPYRINE, LABELLED WATER AND RUBIDIUM

1972 ◽  
Vol 68 (2_Supplb) ◽  
pp. S95-S111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels A. Lassen ◽  
Ole Andrée Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Capillary Wall ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Measurement

ABSTRACT Indicators which freely cross the capillary wall can be used for measurement of tissue blood flow in many different ways. Basically one can distinguish two categories of methods, viz. the ones where the indicator enters the tissue via the inflowing blood and the ones where the indicator is deposited locally in the tissue. The most important methods are briefly described with special emphasis on the theory of blood flow measurement.

scholarly journals Mathematical Models for Some Aspects of Blood Microcirculation

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Angiolo Farina ◽  
Antonio Fasano ◽  
Fabio Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Small Class ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Blood Microcirculation ◽  
Peculiar Behavior

Blood rheology is a challenging subject owing to the fact that blood is a mixture of a fluid (plasma) and of cells, among which red blood cells make about 50% of the total volume. It is precisely this circumstance that originates the peculiar behavior of blood flow in small vessels (i.e., roughly speaking, vessel with a diameter less than half a millimeter). In this class we find arteriolas, venules, and capillaries. The phenomena taking place in microcirculation are very important in supporting life. Everybody knows the importance of blood filtration in kidneys, but other phenomena, of not less importance, are known only to a small class of physicians. Overviewing such subjects reveals the fascinating complexity of microcirculation.

Reproducibility of myocardial blood flow measurement with PET

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. S14-S14
Author(s):  
R GISTRI ◽  
R LORENZONI ◽  
F CECCHI ◽  
G CHIRIATTI ◽  
P SALVADORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Blood Flow Measurement ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow Measurement

scholarly journals Renal arterial blood flow measurement by breath-held MRI: Accuracy in phantom scans and reproducibility in healthy subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Dambreville ◽  
Arlene B. Chapman ◽  
Vicente E. Torres ◽  
Bernard F. King ◽  
Ashley K. Wallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Measurement ◽  
Arterial Blood

Pulpal Blood Flow Measurement with Ultrasound Doppler Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jung Yoon ◽  
Euiseong Kim ◽  
Seoung-Jong Lee ◽  
Young-Min Bae ◽  
Sergey Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Blood Flow Measurement ◽  
Ultrasound Doppler ◽  
Pulpal Blood Flow
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