scholarly journals Ergonomic Guidelines of Head-Up Display User Interface during Semi-Automated Driving

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Kibum Park ◽  
Youngjae Im
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Information Complexity ◽  
Information Presentation ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Collateral Information ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Technological Advances

Self-driving vehicles are emerging as a result of technological advances, and the range of human behavior is expanding. The collateral information on driving is increasing, and head-up displays (HUDs) can be coupled with augmented reality displays to convey additional information to drivers in innovative ways. Interference between the actual driving environment and the displayed information can cause distractions. Research is required to find out what information should be displayed and how to properly display it considering the number of information, as well as the location and arrangement of the HUD. This study aims to examine the types of HUD information presentation that enhance the driver’s intuitive understanding. The first experiment identified which information affects drivers more in self-driving conditions in terms of error rate and importance. As a result, information that the drivers consider to be of greater importance or more relevant to their safety was selected. The level of HUD information complexity was assessed in the second experiment. The independent variables were the number of symbols, location of the HUD, and arrangement of the HUD. The results showed that the number of symbols was most affected and that fewer than six should be displayed. Besides, the arrangement of contents was more intuitive when a vertical alignment was used, and the main content should be placed in the center of the windshield area. Finally, ergonomic design guidelines of the information presentation type are proposed in this study.

scholarly journals Effects of User Interfaces on Take-Over Performance: A Review of the Empirical Evidence

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
René van Egmond ◽  
Riender Happee
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Urgency

In automated driving, the user interface plays an essential role in guiding transitions between automated and manual driving. This literature review identified 25 studies that explicitly studied the effectiveness of user interfaces in automated driving. Our main selection criterion was how the user interface (UI) affected take-over performance in higher automation levels allowing drivers to take their eyes off the road (SAE3 and SAE4). We categorized user interface (UI) factors from an automated vehicle-related information perspective. Short take-over times are consistently associated with take-over requests (TORs) initiated by the auditory modality with high urgency levels. On the other hand, take-over requests directly displayed on non-driving-related task devices and augmented reality do not affect take-over time. Additional explanations of take-over situation, surrounding and vehicle information while driving, and take-over guiding information were found to improve situational awareness. Hence, we conclude that advanced user interfaces can enhance the safety and acceptance of automated driving. Most studies showed positive effects of advanced UI, but a number of studies showed no significant benefits, and a few studies showed negative effects of advanced UI, which may be associated with information overload. The occurrence of positive and negative results of similar UI concepts in different studies highlights the need for systematic UI testing across driving conditions and driver characteristics. Our findings propose future UI studies of automated vehicle focusing on trust calibration and enhancing situation awareness in various scenarios.

Determination of target volumes in radiotherapy and the implications of technological advances: a literature review

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Bongile Mzenda ◽  
M.E. Hosseini-Ashrafi ◽  
A. Palmer ◽  
D.F. Hodgson ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Adaptive Radiotherapy ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Target Volumes ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Modelling Techniques

AbstractThis study assesses the influence of new techniques and technologies in radiotherapy on the derivation and applicability of the margins currently used for treatment planning. The validity of the continued use of the recommendations of International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) and other recommendations as a result of the additional information derived from these emerging techniques is also reviewed. The ICRU formulations still remain fundamental in the derivation of target volumes in radiotherapy; however, revisions to these have been recommended through various experimental and modelling techniques leading to the publication of various margin recipes. These recipes are used for margin definitions in new radiotherapy techniques including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The use of image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) techniques leads to the reduction in organ motion uncertainties and setup errors, allowing for the adjustment of margins and treatment plans as well as dose escalation. Clinical trials are still needed to validate most of the new techniques in radiotherapy, particularly in IGRT techniques leading to adaptive radiotherapy. It is recommended that well devised clinical trials should be conducted to investigate fully the efficacy of these new techniques, particularly in radiotherapy image guidance and adaptive radiotherapy. Such trials would validate any recommendations regarding the current clinical margins and impact on their continued clinical use.

scholarly journals GRAPHIC MEANS IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE EXPRESSIVE COMPRESSED TEXTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Natalya Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
English Language ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Information Presentation ◽  
Contemporary American Literature ◽  
Special System ◽  
Additional Information

This article deals with the consideration of functioning of graphic means on the basis of the English-language expressive compressed texts. The types of abbreviations as well as other graphic peculiarities of the information presentation in the text have been investigated, using examples of English advertising texts, anecdotes, aphorisms, and contemporary American literature. English-language compressed texts have both leading and subordinate features. Their leading feature is increased informational saturation, while the subordinate signs usually include abbreviations, lack of auxiliary and emotionally coloured words. Among the main graphic means used in the English-language compressed texts, various cuts of words in the form of abbreviations, traditional or specific reductions should be noted. One can also mention a special system of the location of the material, which allows to highlight the main information and omit the secondary, significantly reducing the volume. The use of footnotes also helps to save a certain amount of text array. Punctuation marks in compressed text not only make it possible to reduce a certain part of the information, but may also carry additional information load. In general, the use of the mentioned graphic means in English-language compressed texts have been analyzed, the peculiarities of their functioning have been revealed in the article. As the perspectives of the research, it was offered to identify and investigate the existing graphic means in other types of the English-language compressed texts.

Ergonomic User Interface Desgin in Computerized Medical Equipment

2008 ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
D. John Doyle
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
System Design ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Ecological Interface Design ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Important Approach

Current statistics suggest that preventable medical error is a common cause of patient morbidity and mortality, being responsible for between 44,000 and 98,000 deaths annually, and resulting in injuries that cost between $17 billion and $29 billion annually. An important approach to tackling this problem is to apply system design principles from human factors engineering (ergonomics). By doing so, systems and equipment become easier for people to work with, ultimately reducing the frequency of errors. In particular, in the case of medical equipment, the design of the user interface can impact enormously on its successful use. In this chapter we consider some of the elements of good and bad medical equipment design, using examples drawn from the literature and elsewhere. The concept of ecological interface design is also discussed, and some practical design guidelines are provided.

Simplicity, Consistency, Universality, Flexibility and Familiarity

2011 ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rich Picking ◽  
Vic Grout ◽  
John McGinn ◽  
Jodi Crisp ◽  
Helen Grout
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
User Interface Design ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Eu

This paper describes the user interface design, and subsequent usability evaluation of the EU FP6 funded Easyline+ project, which involved the development of ambient assistive technology to support elderly and disabled people in their interaction with kitchen appliances. During this process, established usability design guidelines and principles were considered. The authors’ analysis of the applicability of these has led to the development of a new set of principles, specifically for the design of ambient computer systems. This set of principles is referred to as SCUFF, an acronym for simplicity, consistency, universality, flexibility and familiarity. These evaluations suggest that adoption of the SCUFF principles was successful for the Easyline+ project, and that they can be used for other ambient technology projects, either as complementary to, or as an alternative to more generic and partially relevant principles.

scholarly journals The Effects of Using a Hypertext Tool for Selecting Design Guidelines

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Fox
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
User Interface Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Selection Of

Designing a User-System Interface (USI) is a complex task that has been approached in many ways. One approach has been to use USI design guidelines to help improve the quality and consistency of USIs. To be effective, a general set of guidelines must be tailored to a specific application. This study investigated the effects of using a hypertext design aid (DRUID, Dynamic Rules for User Interface Design) for the selection of USI guidelines by both experienced and novice guideline users. Results indicate that, in general, the participants performed their tasks as well with DRUID as with the book. However, the participants accessed the material differently for each medium and they selected more guidelines that were relevant when using the paper book. Subjectively, the software was preferred because it provided assistance in the selection process and provided additional time-saving design aids not available in the book.

Application of Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 946-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane N. Mosier ◽  
Sidney L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Effective Application

A survey was conducted of people who had received a report on guidelines for designing user interface software. Analysis of questionnaire responses indicates that design guidelines are generally considered useful, but that there are significant problems in the practical application of guidelines. For effective application, generally stated guidelines must be translated into system-specific design rules.

Evaluation of Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 1363-1365
Author(s):  
Lorraine F. Normore ◽  
Louis Tijerina
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Ranking Data ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Help Systems ◽  
User Guidance ◽  
Systems Analysts

Sixteen systems analysts and programmers were asked to rate and rank computer system interface guideline topics derived from Smith and Aucella's, 1983, “Design Guidelines for User-System Interface Software”. The participants generally agreed that guidelines on these topics are desirable. However, both ratings and ranking data showed that the participants did differentiate among the topics. The topic “user guidance” which included guidelines on informative messages and ‘help’ systems was the most consistently highly rated/ranked topic. In addition, the perceived need for guidelines on sequence control, data display, and data entry was high.

Design radius requirements for simple horizontal curves on three-dimensional alignments

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said M Easa ◽  
Essam Dabbour
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Minimum Radius ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Side Friction ◽  
Mathematical Relationships

Current North American design guides have established mathematical relationships to calculate the minimum radius required for horizontal curves as a function of design speed, maximum superelevation, and maximum side friction. For three-dimensional (3-D) alignments, the design guides consider the alignment as two separate horizontal and vertical alignments and consequently ignore the effect of vertical alignment. This paper evaluates the effect of vertical alignment on minimum radius requirements using computer simulation, with a focus on trucks. For 3-D alignments, the results showed that existing design guidelines for minimum radius need to be increased by as much as 20% to achieve the same comfort limit on flat horizontal curves. It is interesting to note that in some cases truck rollover occurred before the side-friction comfort level is reached. This indicates the need for developing a different design control for trucks on 3-D alignments than the comfort criterion used for passenger cars on flat horizontal curves. Based on the simulation results, mathematical models for design radius requirements for passenger cars and trucks were developed.Key words: geometric design, horizontal curve radius, three-dimensional alignments, vehicle stability.

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