scholarly journals Compact Switched-Beam Array Antenna with a Butler Matrix and a Folded Ground Structure

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Young-Jun Kim ◽  
Ye-Bon Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jun Dong ◽  
Yong Soo Cho ◽  
Han Lim Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Beam Array ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Microcontroller Unit ◽  
Better Than

A compact switched-beam array antenna, based on a switched Butler matrix with four folded ground antennas, is presented for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. The folded ground structure, including a slotted patch radiator surrounded by multiple air-gapped ground layers, is adopted to maximize compactness. The extra ground layers provide extra capacitive coupling around the patch antenna, resulting in a down-shift of resonant frequency and a reduction in the antenna size. Also, to optimize aerial operation with a wider beam coverage, the 1 × 4 array is integrated with a switched Butler matrix controlled by a microcontroller unit (MCU). The choice of the Butler matrix reduces the complexity of beamforming circuitry and avoids the use of high-cost phase shifters requiring extra control-bit signals. Further, the array antenna is optimized for high isolation among the antenna ports and a minimal UAV body effect. Then, the proposed structure was verified at 1.96 GHz for test purposes only, and the array size, excluding the antenna case, was 2.16λo × 0.54λo × 0.07λo. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth for all antenna elements in the array was always better than 3.4%, and the isolation among the antenna ports was also better than 19 dB. The measured peak gain, excluding the loss of the switched Butler module, was about 9.98 dBi, on average. Lastly, the measured peak scan angles were observed at −39°, −17°, 9° and 31° according to switching modes.

scholarly journals Development of small-sized phased antenna arrays on ferrite phase shifters for unmanned aerial vehicles

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
S. S. Bushkin ◽  
S. A. Golovin ◽  
N. N. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Ferrite Phase ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Phased Antenna Arrays ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

In this paper, an approach to the development of small-sized phased antenna arrays on ferrite phase shifters is considered. The paper presents examples of predicting the radiation characteristics of phased antenna arrays and processing their measured characteristics using mathematical models. On the basis of a phased array antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the influence of the design features of such an antenna on its radiation characteristics is shown. The radiation characteristics of a phased array antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle developed at V. V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design are presented.

A Sidelobe-Reduced, Four-Beam Array Antenna Fed by a Modified $4\times4$ Butler Matrix for 5G Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 4528-4536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Trinh-Van ◽  
Jong Min Lee ◽  
Youngoo Yang ◽  
Kang-Yoon Lee ◽  
Keum Cheol Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Array Antenna ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Beam Array

scholarly journals Analysis of Beamforming Antenna for Practical Indoor Location-Tracking Application

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Woong Kim ◽  
Dong-You Choi
Keyword(s):  
Array Antenna ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wideband Radar

The single antenna used in conventional ultra-wideband radar has difficulty tracking targets over a wide range because of a relatively narrow beamwidth. Herein, we propose a beamforming antenna that can track targets over a wide range by electronically controlling the main beam of the antenna. The proposed beamforming antenna was fabricated by connecting a 1 × 4 linear array antenna and a 4 × 4 Butler matrix. The Butler matrix was fabricated in a laminated substrate using two TRF-45 substrates. Furthermore, the input Ports 1–4 generate a phase difference at regular intervals in each output port, and the output phase is fed to the array antenna. The proposed tapered-slot antenna was fabricated on a Taconic TLY substrate, and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna was achieved within a wide bandwidth of 4.32 GHz by satisfying a VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) ≤2 within the 1.45–5.78 GHz band. Furthermore, the fabricated antenna has directional radiation patterns, which was found to be a suitable characsteristic for location tracking in a certain direction. Finally, the beamforming antenna has four beamforming angles, and to verify the performance for an indoor location tracking application of impulse-radio ultra-wideband radar, it was connected to an NVA-R661 module.

scholarly journals Tilted-Beam Switched Array Antenna for UAV Mounted Radar Applications with 360° Coverage

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Ung Lee ◽  
Gunhark Noh ◽  
ByungKuon Ahn ◽  
Jong-Won Yu ◽  
Han Lim Lee
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Antenna Gain ◽  
Beam Characteristic ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Radar Applications ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Peak Gain ◽  
Better Than

A highly efficient antenna array for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mounted radar applications with a tilted-beam characteristic and a 360° beam coverage is proposed in this paper. The proposed array antenna is configured by four planar super J-pole antennas with 2-dimensional ground reflectors. Each super J-pole antenna element provides a high directivity where the peak gain is tilted about 45° facing toward the ground from the bottom of a UAV body. Thus, the air-to-ground communication difficulty due to the altitude difference between the UAV and ground targets can be effectively solved. Further, the four super J-pole elements with a switched operation can cover the whole 360° areas around the UAV while high antenna gain is maintained. To verify the performance, the proposed structure was implemented at 5.9 GHz with an overall volume of 0.88 × 0.88 × 0.83 λo3. The measured 10-dB impedance bandwidths for all four antenna elements were better than 27.2% and the isolation among the four antenna ports was also always better than 13 dB. The measured peak gain was better than 7.4 dBi and tilted at 45° in the elevation angle. Lastly, the measured half power beam widths in elevation and azimuth planes were more than 60° and 87°, respectively.

60 GHz beam-tilting coplanar slotted SIW antenna array

Frequenz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamsakutty Vettikalladi ◽  
Waleed Tariq Sethi ◽  
Mohammed Himdi ◽  
Majeed Alkanhal
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Central Frequency ◽  
Beam Tilting ◽  
Slotted Antenna ◽  
Passive Phase

Abstract This article presents a 60 GHz coplanar fed slotted antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for beam-tilting applications. The longitudinal passive slots are fed via associated SIW holes adjacent to the coplanar feed while the main excitation is provided from the microstrip-to-SIW transition. The antenna array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 57–64 GHz with gains reaching to 12 dBi. The passive SIW slots are excited with various orientations of coplanar feeds and associated holes covering an angular beam-tilting from −56° to +56° with an offset of 10° at the central frequency. The novelty of this work is; beam-tilting is achieved without the use of any active/passive phase shifters which improves the design in terms of losses and provide a much simpler alternative compared to the complex geometries available in the literature at the 60 GHz band.

scholarly journals Machine Learning for the Dynamic Positioning of UAVs for Extended Connectivity

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4618
Author(s):  
Francisco Oliveira ◽  
Miguel Luís ◽  
Susana Sargento
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
The Military ◽  
Better Than

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks are an emerging technology, useful not only for the military, but also for public and civil purposes. Their versatility provides advantages in situations where an existing network cannot support all requirements of its users, either because of an exceptionally big number of users, or because of the failure of one or more ground base stations. Networks of UAVs can reinforce these cellular networks where needed, redirecting the traffic to available ground stations. Using machine learning algorithms to predict overloaded traffic areas, we propose a UAV positioning algorithm responsible for determining suitable positions for the UAVs, with the objective of a more balanced redistribution of traffic, to avoid saturated base stations and decrease the number of users without a connection. The tests performed with real data of user connections through base stations show that, in less restrictive network conditions, the algorithm to dynamically place the UAVs performs significantly better than in more restrictive conditions, reducing significantly the number of users without a connection. We also conclude that the accuracy of the prediction is a very important factor, not only in the reduction of users without a connection, but also on the number of UAVs deployed.

scholarly journals Band notched self complementaryultra wideband antenna for wireless applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Ramakrishna ◽  
G A.E.Satish Kumar ◽  
P Chandra Sekhar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Relative Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Patch Edge

This paper presents a band notched WLAN self complementaryultra wide band antenna for wireless applications. The proposed antenna encounters a return loss (RL) less than -10dB for entire ultra wideband frequency range except band notched frequency. This paper proposes a hexagon shape patch, edge feeding, self complementary technique and defective ground structure. The antenna has an overall dimensionof 28.3mm × 40mm × 2mm, builton  substrate FR4 with a relative dielectric permittivity 4.4. And framework is simulated finite element method with help of high frequency structured simulator HFSSv17.2.the proposed antenna achieves a impedance bandwidth of 8.6GHz,  band rejected WLAN frequency range 5.6-6.5 GHz with  vswr is less than 2.

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