scholarly journals A Compact 3.3–3.5 GHz Filter Based on Modified Composite Right-/Left-Handed Resonator Units

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanwen Hu ◽  
Yunqing Hu ◽  
Haiyu Zheng ◽  
Weiguang Zhu ◽  
Yiting Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Rf Filter ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Portable Communication

In the RF (Radio Frequency) front-end of a communication system, bandpass filters (BPFs) are used to send passband signals and reject stopband signals. Substrate-integrated waveguides (SIW) are widely used in RF filter designs due to their low loss and low cost and the flexibility of their integration properties. However, SIW filters under 6 GHz are still too large to meet the requirement of portable communication devices due to their long wavelength. In this paper, a very compact fully integrated SIW filter is proposed and designed with RT6010 dielectric material to meet the small size requirement of portable devices for next-generation sub-6 G applications. The proposed filter contains two sawtooth-shaped composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) resonator units, instead of traditional rectangular-shaped CRLH resonator units, which makes the filter more compact and cost effective. The filter is designed and fabricated on an RT6010 substrate, with a size of only 10 mm × 7.4 mm. The measurement results illustrated that the proposed BPF shows a passband covering the frequency range of 3.25–3.45 GHz; the minimum passband insertion loss is only 2.4 dB; the stopband rejection is better than −20 dB throughout the frequencies below 3.0 GHz and above 3.8 GHz; S11 is as low as −37 dB at 3.35 GHz; and the group delay variation is only 1.4 ns throughout the operation bandwidth.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Dielectric Substrate for Designing Low Profile Multiband Monopole Microstrip Antenna

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Ahsan ◽  
M. T. Islam ◽  
M. Habib Ullah ◽  
H. Arshad ◽  
M. F. Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Radiation Patterns ◽  
Polymer Resin ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Low Profile

This paper proposes a small sized, low-cost multiband monopole antenna which can cover the WiMAX bands and C-band. The proposed antenna of 20 × 20 mm2radiating patch is printed on cost effective 1.6 mm thick fiberglass polymer resin dielectric material substrate and fed by 4 mm long microstrip line. The finite element method based, full wave electromagnetic simulator HFSS is efficiently utilized for designing and analyzing the proposed antenna and the antenna parameters are measured in a standard far-field anechoic chamber. The experimental results show that the prototype of the antenna has achieved operating bandwidths (voltage stand wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2) 360 MHz (2.53–2.89 GHz) and 440 MHz (3.47–3.91 GHz) for WiMAX and 1550 MHz (6.28–7.83 GHz) for C-band. The simulated and measured results for VSWR, radiation patterns, and gain are well matched. Nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns are achieved and the peak gains are of 3.62 dBi, 3.67 dBi, and 5.7 dBi at 2.66 GHz, 3.65 GHz, and 6.58 GHz, respectively.

Consumers' Expectations of the Densities of Portable Communication Devices

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Lydia Volaitis ◽  
Rulie Chou ◽  
Michael Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Portable Communication ◽  
Block Models ◽  
Expected Density

Each year, portable devices used for communication seem to be getting smaller and lighter. Presuming that displays will remain legible and buttons can be pressed reliably, continued size reduction seems to be a worthy objective. After all, consumers logically prefer devices that fit in a jacket pocket or pocketbook over those that must be stowed in a briefcase. But, are concomitant weight reductions a good thing? To answer this question, we experimented with three-dimensional, block models of pagers, cell phones, and two-way radios. Specifically, we made five block models of each type of product, varying the weight, and consequently, the density, of each model over a selected range. We asked participants to rate the expected density, durability, and quality of the models, relative to the actual devices. One objective was to see if consumers preferred products with roughly the same density (i.e., volume-to-weight ratio), or if the type of product (i.e., pager, phone, or radio) would lead people to prefer different densities. Another objective was to determine how density influenced perceptions of product quality and durability.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12509
Author(s):  
Xinxing Yuan ◽  
Fernando Moreu ◽  
Maryam Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Maximum Standard Deviation ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
New Generation

The quality assurance of constructing reinforced concrete (RC) structures in compliance with their design plays a key role in the durability, serviceability, and sustainability of the built RC elements. One area of concern in the quality control of constructing RC structures is examining the position and dimension of the rebars before pouring fresh concrete. Currently, this is accomplished by visual inspection and individually by hand with limited time available between construction stages. Over the past decades, structural health and monitoring during the construction period has applied remote sensing technologies. However, little research has focused on the use of such technologies to inspect and evaluate rebar placement prior to concrete pouring as quality control. In this study we develop an algorithm that facilitates inspecting the positions of rebars and the cover of concrete using a new-generation low-cost RGB-D sensor to find incorrect rebar placement. The proposed method is evaluated using a typical 5 × 5 two-layer rebar cage in the laboratory by comparing the proposed technique with traditional inspection methods. The results show that the RGB-D sensor can achieve cost-effective inspection for rebar spacing and clearance with an acceptable tolerance. The evaluation of rebar spacing results shows that the maximum standard deviation for rebar spacing is 0.34 inch (8.64 mm) between longitudinal rebar 2 and 3, which is the same as the rebar construction and traditional tape measurement results. The concrete cover estimation results show that the maximum standard deviation for rebar cage concrete cover is 0.19 inch (4.83 mm) for longitudinal rebar 3. The issues of new RGB-D sensor scan settings and the test results will be helpful for practitioners in improving construction quality.

scholarly journals Development of a mobile, cost-effective and easy to use inertial motion capture system for monitoring in rehabilitation applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-589
Author(s):  
Nana Schlage ◽  
Andreas Kitzig ◽  
Gudrun Stockmanns ◽  
Edwin Naroska
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Measurement ◽  
L Systems

Abstract Many people are familiar with the feeling of instability, pain, or subsidence in the knee joint after a knee injury. There are many different methods for examining the knee, such as the drawer test or the Lachman test [1], before and after surgery. While these tests can be used in short term and provide useful results, motion capture systems can be used as an alternative measurement method, almost as a substitute in longer term. These include marker-based or mechanica l systems, which achieve good measurement results but are expensive and inflexible. For this reason, this paper presents a mobile, easy-to-use motion and easy expandable capture system using a low-cost IMU-based development system. The modular design of the system allows it to be adapted to each body region with simple adjustments. However, the present work focuses on applications for capturing human motion sequences and deriving three joint angles of the lower extremities to detect malposition.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
Firm Response ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

Azo (Hydrazone) pigments: general principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Physical Form

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the general chemical principles underlying the structures, synthesis and technical performance of azo pigments, the dominant chemical class of industrial organic pigments in the yellow, orange, and red shade areas, both numerically and in terms of tonnage manufactured. A description of the most significant historical features in this group of pigments is provided, starting from the discovery of the chemistry on which azo colorants are based by Griess in the mid-nineteenth century, through the commercial introduction of the most important classical azo pigments in the early twentieth century, including products known as the Hansa Yellows, β-naphthol reds, including metal salt pigments, and the diarylide yellows and oranges, to the development in the 1950s and 1960s of two classes of azo pigments that exhibit high performance, disazo condensation pigments and benzimidazolone-based azo pigments. A feature that complicates the description of the chemical structures of azo pigments is that they exist in the solid state as the ketohydrazone rather than the hydroxyazo form, in which they have been traditionally been illustrated. Numerous structural studies conducted over the years on an extensive range of azo pigments have demonstrated this feature. In this text, they are referred to throughout as azo (hydrazone) pigments. Since a common synthetic procedure is used in the manufacture of virtually all azo (hydrazone) pigments, this is discussed in some detail, including practical aspects. The procedure brings together two organic components as the fundamental starting materials, a diazo component and a coupling component. An important reason for the dominance of azo (hydrazone) pigments is that they are highly cost-effective. The syntheses generally involve low cost, commodity organic starting materials and are carried out in water as the reaction solvent, which offers obvious economic and environmental advantages. The versatility of the approach means that an immense number of products may be prepared, so that they have been adapted structurally to meet the requirements of many applications. On an industrial scale, the processes are straightforward, making use of simple, multi-purpose chemical plant. Azo pigments may be produced in virtually quantitative yields and the processes are carried out at or below ambient temperatures, thus presenting low energy requirements. Finally, provided that careful control of the reaction conditions is maintained, azo pigments may be prepared directly by an aqueous precipitation process that can optimise physical form, with control of particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and surface character. The applications of azo pigments are outlined, with more detail reserved for subsequent papers on individual products.

scholarly journals Chemical Modification of Combusted Coal Gangue for U(VI) Adsorption: Towards a Waste Control by Waste Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8421
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Jiandong Huang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhongran Dai ◽  
Rongli Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Detailed Structural Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Uranium mining waste causes serious radiation-related health and environmental problems. This has encouraged efforts toward U(VI) removal with low cost and high efficiency. Typical uranium adsorbents, such as polymers, geopolymers, zeolites, and MOFs, and their associated high costs limit their practical applications. In this regard, this work found that the natural combusted coal gangue (CCG) could be a potential precursor of cheap sorbents to eliminate U(VI). The removal efficiency was modulated by chemical activation under acid and alkaline conditions, obtaining HCG (CCG activated with HCl) and KCG (CCG activated with KOH), respectively. The detailed structural analysis uncovered that those natural mineral substances, including quartz and kaolinite, were the main components in CCG and HCG. One of the key findings was that kalsilite formed in KCG under a mild synthetic condition can conspicuous enhance the affinity towards U(VI). The best equilibrium adsorption capacity with KCG was observed to be 140 mg/g under pH 6 within 120 min, following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. To understand the improved adsorption performance, an adsorption mechanism was proposed by evaluating the pH of uranyl solutions, adsorbent dosage, as well as contact time. Combining with the structural analysis, this revealed that the uranyl adsorption process was mainly governed by chemisorption. This study gave rise to a utilization approach for CCG to obtain cost-effective adsorbents and paved a novel way towards eliminating uranium by a waste control by waste strategy.

scholarly journals Platforms for Production of Protein-Based Vaccines: From Classical to Next-Generation Strategies

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Raquel Cid ◽  
Jorge Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

To date, vaccination has become one of the most effective strategies to control and reduce infectious diseases, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. The earliest vaccines were developed as live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, and, although they still represent the most extended human vaccine types, they also face some issues, such as the potential to revert to a pathogenic form of live-attenuated formulations or the weaker immune response associated with inactivated vaccines. Advances in genetic engineering have enabled improvements in vaccine design and strategies, such as recombinant subunit vaccines, have emerged, expanding the number of diseases that can be prevented. Moreover, antigen display systems such as VLPs or those designed by nanotechnology have improved the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Platforms for the production of recombinant vaccines have also evolved from the first hosts, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to insect or mammalian cells. Traditional bacterial and yeast systems have been improved by engineering and new systems based on plants or insect larvae have emerged as alternative, low-cost platforms. Vaccine development is still time-consuming and costly, and alternative systems that can offer cost-effective and faster processes are demanding to address infectious diseases that still do not have a treatment and to face possible future pandemics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document